Chapter 1 Chinese Cultural values中国文化价值.ppt

1 CultureandChineseCulturalvalues1 PART1THEORIES Chapter1Culture traditionalChinesecultureandthemainculturalvaluesI Definitionnearly300interpretations 文化 wenhua culture wasprobablyfirstusedinWestHanDynasty 206B C 24A D InConfuciustime 551 479B C 文 themoralbehaviorandthenormsthatthelearnedshouldhave and 质 thesimple plainhumanqualities theopposingsideof 文 hadbeentalkedabout 质胜文 primitivemen rough boorish 文胜质 thelossofprimitivehumannaturalqualitiesbecauseoftoomuch 文 没有文化 学文化 文化水平高 bookknowledgeandeducation 文化馆 文化活动 文化交流 文化消费 art music library museum entertainment publishing etc So cultureisthedifferencebetweenhumanlifeandanimallife Animalsliveinwildnature whilehumanbeingslivesin culture whichmeanssurvivalanddevelopment Then whatisculture Cultureisabroadtermusedtodescribethearts thebelief thevalue thecustoms thetraditionsandtheinstitutionsthatareconsideredtobecharacteristicofacommunity apeople aregionoranation II TypesofCultureCultureisusuallyclassifiedinto4types MaterialCulture potsSpiritualCultureArts calligraphy folkarts music etc Concepts ideology aestheticconceptions socialvaluesandtaboos etc Moralprinciples totheelderly young poor etiquettes Religion Buddhism Taoism Confucianism SocialCultureFolkCulture festivalcelebrations EntertainmentCulture Mahjong SportsCulture Wushu Qigong LanguageCultureChineseCharactersandtheculture III TraditionalChineseSpirits ValuesConfucius Confucian Mencius thoughtLaoziTheAnalects 论语 IntheAnalects ConfucianthoughtandhislifestorywererecordedbyhisdisciplesandStudents Confucius OnHeavenandPeopleMuchofConfucianthoughtonHeavenandpeoplerepresentuniversalhumanvalues ConfuciusonHeaven theSourceofEverythingGenerally Confuciusregarded Heaven asnature Heavendoesnotspeakinwords Itspeaksthroughtherotationoffourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings Heaven naturethecreationoflifeIntheeyesofConfucius Heavenequalednature whichwaslifelessbutwasthegreatworldoflifeandtheprocessofcreationoflife Humanlifewaspartandparcelofnatureasawhole Sothenaturalprocessoflifecreationwasthe WayofHeaven 天道 ThisideawaslaterdevelopedinTheBookofChanges Yijing易经 Heavenwasthesourceofalllivingthingsandsourceofallvalues Sohumansarebornwithasenseof heavenlymission andthisisthemeaningofhumanlife ConfuciusonPeopleRen 仁 benevolence andLi 礼 ritual arethetwocoreconceptsofConfucius doctrineaboutpeople Confucius interpretationofrenis loveofpeople whichis universallove Heregarded filialpietyandfraternalduty astheessenceofren TheDoctrineoftheMean Zhongyong quotesConfuciusassaying Thegreatestloveforpeopleistheloveofone sparents Byren Confuciusmeantuniversallovebasedonloveofone sparents Buthowshouldpeopleloveoneanotherthen Confuciussaid Oneshouldbeawarethatotherpeoplemayhavesimilardesiresasoneself Hefurthersaid Donotdotowardothersanythingyouwouldnotwanttobedonetoyou 己所不欲 勿施于人 推己及人 Mencius c 372 289BC agreatConfucianscholar bestsummarizedrenas lovingone sparents lovingthepeople lovingeverythingin theworld Lireferstorituals traditionsandnormsinsociallife Ofthese Confuciusregardedburialrituals 丧礼 andancestralworshiprituals 祭礼 themostimportantbecausetheyarosefromhumanfeelings Throughburialritualsandancestralworshiprituals peopleareabletoexperiencetheeverlastingcontinuityoflife appreciatingthevalueandmeaningoflife Confuciusplacedemphasisonliwiththeaimofpreservingsocialorder stabilityandharmony TheAnalectssays Theroleofliistomaintainharmonyamongpeople 父子有亲 君臣有义 夫妇有别 长幼有序 朋友有信 Chinesevs WesternCulturalValuesHumanities moralities vs Sciences towardsnature seekingthetruth etc Collectivismvs Individualism liberalism group sheep liberalism dog independence Moderation Cooperation vs Competition 和 中庸 中和 和而不同 Betterisbetter Closedvs Open agriculture familyclan schools 国 四海 四合院 OthersPaternalismvs EgalitarianismFormalism Conformism vs PragmatismHomogeneityvs Pluralism Diversity tolerance inclusiveness包 宽 容Harmony和谐 GreatHarmony大同 ReferencesYe Lang Zhu LiangzhiInsightsintoChineseCultureForeignLanguageTeachingandResearchPress 2008Xu xingyanAComparativeStudyofChines