14.专利说明书.ppt

信息检索与文献阅读 化学0701 0702 2010年4月2日 第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读 20学时 第二部分英文阅读材料 12学时 第三部分信息检索 16学时 第一章作为定量科学和物质科学的化学第二章原子 分子和离子第三章气态第四章热化学第五章有机化合物和基团的命名第六章无机化学 有机化学 物理化学 分析化学化学术语 第一部分化学专业基础英语阅读 20学时 第二部分英文阅读材料 12学时 第一章松香酸度的标准测试方法第二章 族半导体制备的新方法 InP纳米晶的超声化学合成第三章专利说明书第四章销售合同第四章分子离子材料的计算机模拟第四章透射Laue法的X射线衍射 第三部分信息检索 16学时 第一章信息检索基础第二章超星图书馆第三章中国期刊网第四章维普第五章工程索引 Ei 第六章美国化学文摘 CA 第七章专利 教材和参考书 1 魏高原 化学专业基础英语知识 I IntroductoryChemistrySpecialityEnglish 北京大学出版社 2004 2 ReadingMaterials 自编讲义 3 陈英 科技信息检索 第二版 科学出版社 2005 4 万锡仁 InformationRetrievalandRelatedReadingMaterials 待出版 5 美 PhilipBall著 魏高原等注释 化学专业基础英语 II 北京大学出版社 2001 课堂教学内容安排 第一节课 教学要求说明 词汇预习 课文阅读理解第二节课 课文阅读理解 续 答疑 布置课后作业 课堂书面练习 一 教学要求掌握 专利说明书的基本格式 有关专业词汇 熟悉 专利中所指出的两种脱水的方法 了解 专利申请程序 PATENTSPECIFICATION专利说明书 二 词汇 patentspecification专利说明书dehydrate dehydrating脱水bariumhydroxide氢氧化钡hydrate水合物kali potash 碳酸钾Chemie chemistry 化学Aktiengesellschaft joint stockcompany 合资公司 patentspecificationdehydrate dehydratingbariumhydroxidehydratekali potash Allee avenue boulevard 林荫道bariumhydroxidehydrate氢氧化钡水合物octahydrate八水合物monohydrate一水合物 一水化物anhydrous无水的waterofcrystallization结晶水 bariumhydroxidehydrateoctahydratemonohydrateanhydrouswaterofcrystallization reducedpressure减压congruentmeltingpoint同成分熔点 Ba OH 2 8H2O的固体熔化成Ba OH 2 H2O 1 8的液体 digestion蒸煮 消化elevatedtemperature高温azeotropicdistillation共沸蒸馏 reducedpressurecongruentmeltingpointdigestionelevatedtemperatureazeotropicdistillation paste糊状物sludge软泥hydrophobic疏水的adhesiveaffinity亲和力toluene甲苯chloro hydrocarbon氯代烃 含氯碳氢化合物 pastesludgehydrophobicadhesiveaffinitytoluenechloro hydrocarbon flowability流动性wettingstrength湿润强度covalentbond共价键reflux回流evacuation抽真空Hannover汉诺威bodycorporate法人团体 flowabilitywettingstrengthcovalentbondrefluxevacuationHannoverbodycorporate hereby特此declare宣布invention发明anhydrousbariumhydroxide无水氢氧化钡 herebydeclareinventionanhydrousbariumhydroxide congruently同成分地melt熔化 溶解otherwisethan除 之外prolonged延长的troublesome麻烦的spattering飞溅incrustation结垢 congruentlymeltotherwisethanprolongedtroublesomespatteringincrustation drawback缺点taketo得于quantitatively定量地attain获得withdraw withdrew withdrawn提取azeotropicallydistill共沸蒸馏azeotropicdistillation共沸蒸馏 drawbacktaketoquantitativelyattainwithdraw withdrew withdrawnazeotropicallydistillazeotropicdistillation preserve保持chemicallyinert化学惰性的miscible易混合的effect实现 达到fitwith配有overflow溢流 preservechemicallyinertmiscibleeffectfitwithoverflow proportion比例azeotropicboilingpoint共沸点consistin在于 是evaporation蒸发benzenehomologue苯的同系物 proportionazeotropicboilingpointconsistinevaporationbenzenehomologue filtration过滤smallresidueofwater少量残留的水otherwise另外affording提供 filtrationsmallresidueofwaterotherwiseaffording incontradistinction与此不同thereto另外inpractice实际上reflux回流firstdistillate最初的馏分 incontradistinctiontheretoinpracticerefluxfirstdistillate suspension悬浮液evacuation抽真空filtrate滤液inaccordancewith依照anhydrousdioxane无水二氧杂环乙烷 suspensionevacuationfiltrateinaccordancewithanhydrousdioxane 三 课文的阅读理解 专利的含义 专利 在我国一般是指专利权 1 专利权是专利机关代表国家依法授予发明人 设计人或其所属单位对其某项发明创造在法律规定的期限内享有的专有权 2 专利的第二种含义是指受 专利法 保护的发明创造 其种类分为发明专利 实用型专利和观外设计专利 专利说明书的主要内容 专利的名称 所属技术领域 该领域的现有技术水平 申请专利的背景和目的 专利的内容 附图说明 实施实例 专利要求等 请同学们阅读课文内容 思考和回答下列问题 1 Whatdoesthisinventionrelateto 2 Pleasedescribethetwoolddehydratingmethodsandtheirdisadvantages 3 Pleasedescribethetwonewdehydratingmethodsofbariumhydroxidehydrates Howtoselectorganicsolventsineachcase 4 Isthereanybondbetweenthewaterofcrystallizationandbariumhydroxideinbariumhydroxidehydrates 5 Inexample1 1 whathadbeencollectedinthereceiverattheendof90minutes 2 howtodropthetemperature 3 whatsolidsubstancewasobtainedattheendofthedehydratingprocess 6 Whatorganicsolventswereselectedinexamples1 2 and3 Howtodryaqueouspastesorsludgesconsistingoffineparticlesofhydrophobicsolids 8 Whichdehydratingmethodswereusedinexamples1 2 and3 respectively Whatwasthefinalproductineachcase 9 PleasedescribeitinChinesehowthewaterisremovedfrombariumhydroxidehydratesintwonewdehydratingmethods 10 Pleasedescribetheadvantagesofthefirstnewdehydratingmethod Whatdoesthisinventionrelateto Thisinventionrelatestoamethodofdehydratingbariumhydroxidehydrates page25 line10 ontheleftside 2 Pleasedescribethetwoolddehydratingmethodsandtheirdisadvantages 1 Bariumhydroxideoctahydratecongruentlymeltsinitsownwaterofcrystallization Thewatercanberemovedfromthissolutionbyprolonged 延长的 heatingattemperataresupto300 page25 line17 ontheleftside Theprocessisaccompaniedbytroublesomespattering 飞溅 andincrustation 结垢 phenomena Pluralofphenomenon 2 Bariumhydroxidehydratescanbedehydratedunderreducedpressuratatemperatureofabout130 Adrawbackofthismethodisthelongtime that theprocessofdehydrationtakesto 得于 perform thewaterofcrystallisationbeingreleasedextremelyslowly page25 line24 ontheleftside Itisimpossiblequantitativelytocontrolthedegreeofdehydrationattainedinthecourseoftheprocessforthesetwodehydratingmethods 3 Pleasedescribethetwonewdehydratingmethodsofbariumhydroxidehydrates Howtoselectorganicsolventsineachcase Ithasnowbeenfoundthatthewaterofcrystallizationcanbewithdrawnfromthebariumhydroxidehydrateeitherbyheatingthesameinanorganicsolvent thewaterbeingazeotropicallydistilledoffwiththesolvent page25 line14 ontherightside 共沸蒸馏 用挥发性不混溶于水的溶剂 以蒸汽的形式带出水分 在冷凝器内冷凝并分离 orbyremovingitfromthebariumhydroxidehydratemerelybydigestion 蒸煮 inasuitablesolventatelevatedtemperature 高温 page25 line18 ontherightside Organicsolventswhich intheliquidphase arenotmisciblewithwaterinanyproportionhavebeenfoundtobeespeciallyusefulforperformingtheazeotropicdistillation sothatthecontinuousandcompleteseparationofthewatercanbeeffected 实现 达到 inareceiverfittedwithanoverflow page25 line25 ontherightside Ontheotherhand thesolventischemicallyinerttobariumhydroxide Inthecaseofbariumhydroxideoctahydrateasolventmustbeselectedwhichhasaboilingpointnearthecongruentmeltingpointof78 and whichhas anazeotropicboilingpointwhichisbelowthismeltingpoint page26 line9 ontheleftside Forlowerhydratesofbariumhydroxidetheselectionofasuitablesolventisnotdeterminedinabovemanner andtheboilingpointsofthepuresolventandoftheazeotropicmixtureshouldbeaboveandascloseaspossiblerespectivelytotheboilingpointofwater page26 line17 ontheleftside Inanalternativeprocedureofheatingthebariumhydroxidehydrateswithanorganicsolvent thewaterofcrystallizationisremovedbydigestion 蒸煮 inananhydrousorganicsolventorsolventmixturewhichischemicallyinertwithrespectto 关于 bariumhydroxidebutmiscible 易混合的 intheliquidphasewithwaterinanyproportion page26 line24 ontheleftside 4 Isthereanybondbetweenthewaterofcrystallizationandbariumhydroxideinbariumhydroxidehydrates Yes Therearecovalentbondsbetweenthewaterofcrystallizationandbariumhydroxideinbariumhydroxidehydrates page26 line26 ontherightside 5 Inexample1 1 whathadbeencollectedinthereceiverattheendof90minutes Seveneighths 7 8 waterofcrystallizationhadbeencollectedinthereceiverattheendof90minutes page27 line4 ontheleftside 2 howtodropthetemperature WhenthefreshBa OH 2 8H2Owasadded thetemperaturedropped page27 line9 ontheleftside 3 whatsolidsubstancewasobtainedattheendofthedehydratingprocess Thebariumhydroxidemonohydratewasobtainedattheendofdehydratingprocess page27 line12 ontheleftside 6 Whatorganicsolventswereselectedinexamples1 2 and3 Benzene toluene andanhydrousdioxane 无水二氧杂环乙烷 Howtodryaqueouspastesorsludgesconsistingoffineparticlesofhydrophobicsolids Wecandrythemusingthemethodwhichconsistsin 在于 mixingthepasteswithasecondliquidwhichissubstantiallyimmisciblewithwaterandwhichhasagreateradhesiveaffinity 亲和力 withthesolidthanthewater page26 line36 ontheleftside andthenseparatingthesolidfromitswaterbythedisplacementofthewater thesecondliquidbeingthenremovedbyevaporation 蒸发 untilthepaste 糊状物 isdry page26 line43 ontheleftside 8 Whichdehydratingmethodwasusedinexample1 2 or3 Whatwasthefinalproductineachcase Thefirstnewdehydratingmethodwasusedinexample1or2 whilethesecondnewmethodwasappliedinexample3 ThefinalproductisBariumhydroxidemonohydrateinexample1or3 whilethefinalproductisanhydrousBariumhydroxideinexample2 9 PleasedescribeitinChinesehowthewaterisremovedfromBariumhydroxidehydratesintwonewdehydratingmethods 在第一种方法中 选择合适的有机溶剂 有机溶剂与水不互溶 其共沸温度低于氢氧化钡八水合物的同成分熔点 且有机溶剂的沸点接近于熔点 当温度加热到共沸温度 低于同成分熔点的温度 水和有机溶剂一起共沸蒸出 经冷凝后可分离 二者不互溶 在第二种方法中 选择的有机溶剂与水混溶 当实验温度达到氢氧化钡八水合物的同成分熔点之上且低于有机溶剂的沸点 结晶水与氢氧化钡的作用大大减弱 并且水与有机溶剂混溶 过滤后 水留在滤液中 10 Pleasedescribetheadvantagesofthefirstnewdehydratingmethod 1 Itisthenpossibletodehydraterelativelylargequantitiesofbariumhydroxidehydratewiththeaidofaconstantquantityofsolvent 2 Theprocessofdehydrationcanbediscontinuedwhenadesiredquantityofwaterhasbeenremovedsothatbariumhydroxidesinanydesiredstageofhydrationcanthusbeobtained Thedegreeofdehydrationcanbecontrolled PATENTSPECIFICATION专利说明书 COMPLETESPECIFICATION MethodofDehydratingBariumHydroxideHydrates We KALI CHEMIEAKTIENGESELLSCHAFT ofHans Bockler Allee20 Hannover Germany abodycorporateorganizedunderthelawsofGermany dohereby 特此 declare 宣布 theinvention forwhichwepray 祈祷 恳求 thatapatentmaybegrantedtous andthemethodbywhichitistobeperformed tobeparticularlydescribedinandbythefollowingstatement Thisinventionrelatestoamethodofdehydratingbariumhydroxidehydrates Bariumhydroxideoctahydrate monohydrate andanhydrousbariumhydroxideareknownaswelldefinedcompounds Productshavingvaryingcontents 含量 ofwaterofcrystallizationbetweenthemono andtheoctahydratearealsoindustriallyused Bariumhydroxideoctahydratecongruently 同成分地 melts 熔化 溶解 initsownwaterofcrystallization Thewatercannotberemovedfromthissolutionotherwisethan 除 之外 byprolonged 延长的 heatingattemperataresupto300 在300K长时间加热氢氧化钡水合物脱水 Theprocessisaccompaniedbytroublesomespatteringandincrustationphenomena Animprovementcanbeachievedbydehydratingunderreducedpressureatatemperatureofabout130 在130 减压加热氢氧化钡水合物脱水 Thebariumhydroxideoctahydratewillthen whenslowlyheated losepartofitswaterofcrystallizationattemperaturebelowitscongruentmeltingpointof78 sothatthesolidstateispreserved 保持 throughoutthedehydratingprocess Adrawbackofthismethodisthelongtime that theprocessofdehydrationtakesto 得于 perform thewaterofcrystallisationbeingreleasedextremelyslowly Inbothcasesitisimpossiblequantitatively 定量地 tocontrolthedegreeofdehydrationattained 获得 inthecourseoftheprocess Ithasnowbeenfoundthatthewaterofcrystallizationcanbewithdrawn提取fromthebariumhydroxidehydrateeitherbyheatingthesameinanorganicsolvent thewaterbeingazeotropicallydistilledoff 共沸蒸出 withthesolvent 水与溶剂一起共沸蒸出 orbyremovingitfromthebariumhydroxidehydratemerelybydigestion 蒸煮 inasuitablesolventatelevatedtemperature 高温 高温下在合适溶剂中蒸煮氢氧化钡脱水 Itis however necessarytoselectasolventwhichischemicallyinerttobariumhydroxide buttheselectedsolventmaybeasolventmixture Organicsolventswhich intheliquidphase arenotmisciblewithwaterinanyproportionhavebeenfoundtobeespeciallyusefulforperformingtheazeotropicdistillation 共沸蒸馏 sothatthecontinuousandcompleteseparationofthewatercanbeeffected 实现 达到 inareceiverfittedwith 配有 anoverflow溢流 Itisthenpossibletodehydraterelativelylargequantitiesofbariumhydroxidehydratewiththeaidofaconstantquantityofsolvent Inthecaseofbariumhydroxideoctahydrateasolventmustbeselectedwhichhasaboilingpointnearthecongruentmeltingpointof78 andanazeotropicboilingpoint 共沸点 whichisbelowthismeltingpoint Theprocessofdehydrationcanbediscontinuedwhenadesiredquantityofwaterhasbeenremovedsothatbariumhydroxidesinanydesiredstageofhydrationcanthusbeobtained Forlowerhydratesofbariumhydroxidetheselectionofasuitablesolventisnotdeterminedinabovemanner andtheboilingpointsofthepuresolventandoftheazeotropicmixtureshouldbeaboveandascloseaspossiblerespectivelytotheboilingpointofwater Inanalternativeprocedureofheatingthebariumhydroxidehydrateswithanorganicsolvent thewaterofcrystallizationisremovedbydigestion 蒸煮 inananhydrousorganicsolventorsolventmixturewhichischemicallyinertwithrespectto 关于 bariumhydroxidebutmiscible 易混合的 intheliquidphasewithwaterinanyproportion theprocessbeingperformedatatemperatureabovethecongruentmeltingpointofthebariumhydroxideoctahydrateandbelowtheboilingpointofthesolventorsolventmixture Ithasbeenproposedtodryaqueouspastesorsludgesconsistingoffineparticlesofhydrophobicsolids byamethodwhichconsistsin 在于 是 mixingthepasteswithasecondliquidwhichissubstantiallyimmisciblewithwaterandwhichhasagreateradhesiveaffinity 亲和力 withthesolidthanthewater andthenseparatingthesolidfromitswaterbythedisplacementofthewater thesecondliquidbeingthenremovedbyevaporation 蒸发 untilthepasteisdry Suitabledisplacingliquidsareforinstancetolueneorotherbenzenehomologues 苯的同系物 aswellasvariouschloro hydrocarbon 氯代烃 Themajorproportionoftheadhesivelybound 黏附束缚的 waterisremovedfromtheaqueouspastesaftertheirflowability 流动性 haspossiblyfirstbeenimprovedbytheadditionoffurtherwater thewaterbeingdisplacedbythesecondliquidandseparatedwithouttheapplicationofheat forinstancebyfiltration 过滤 Smallresiduesofwaterstillattachedbythehydrophobicsolidareazeotropicallydistilledofftogetherwiththesecondliquid Theobjectofthemethodistodryotherwise 另外 difficultlydryingaqueouspastes对难于干燥的含水糊状物进行干燥consistingoffineparticlesofhydropholicsolidsbyutilizingthehigherwettingstrength湿润强度ofthesecondliquidinrelationtowater themethodatthesametimeaffording 提供 economiesintheconsumptionofthermalenergy Incontradistinction 与此不同 thereto另外thepresentmethodrelatestodehydration thatistosay 也就是说 totheremovalofwaterofcrystallizationfrombariumhydroxidehydrates whichisboundbycovalentbondsandinpractice 实际上 producescompoundsofdistinctiveproperties Dehydrationisperformedwhilst同时heatingthedryhydratedinitialsubstance eitherbyazeotropicdistillationofthewaterofcrystallizationwithasolventknowntobesuitableforsuchapurpose orbydigestionatagiventemperatureinananhydrousorganicsolventwhichismisciblewithwaterinanyproportions andthenfiltering Theobjectaswellasthemannerofperformingthetwomethodsarethereforedifferent Thepresentinventionwillnowbeillustratebythefollowingexamples EXAMPLE1 150gBa OH 2 8H2Owereslowlyheated whilstbeingstirred 当搅拌的时候 with500cc Benzeneunderreflux 回流 withareceiverfittedwithanoverflow Attheboilingtemperatureviz 即 69 3oC oftheazeotropicmixtureofbenzeneandwater thefirstdistillate 最初的馏分 appeared Attheendof90minutesaquantityofwaterrepresenting7moleculesofwaterofcrystallizationhadcollectedinthereceiver Inthecourseoffurtherheatingthetemperatureroseto80 2oC NotuntilfreshBa OH 2 8H2Ohadbeenaddeddidthetemperaturedropandtheprocessofdehydrationcontinue Finallythebenzenesuspension 悬浮液 ofthebariumhydroxidewhichhadbeendehydratedtothemonohydratewasdrained 排出 andfiltered adheringbenzenebeingremovedfromthesubstancebybriefevacuation 抽真空 Thebenzenefiltrate 滤液 wasimmediately 直接地 re usedforfurtherdehydration EXAMPLE2 100gofthebariumhydroxidemonohydrate Ba OH 2 H2O obtainedinaccordancewith 依照 Example1wastreatedwith300cc cubiccentimeter oftolueneinthesamemannerasthatdescribedabove Dehydrationcouldnowbecontinuedtocompletionandananhydrousbariumhydroxideobtained Theboilingtemperatureoftheazeotropictolueneandwatermixturewas84 1oC EXAMPLE3 50g Ba OH 2 8H2Oweredigestedin1000cc ofanhydrousdioxane无水二氧杂环乙烷at80oC themixturebeingvigorouslystirred Attheendofonehourthemixturewasfiltered Thebariumhydroxideappearedintheformofthemonohydrate 四 答疑 一般情况下 争对学生提出的问题进行个别答疑 1 TranslatethetechnicaltermsinthetextintoChinesebyreferringtorelevantdictionaries 2 PleaseanswerthetenquestionsmentionedaboveinbothEnglishandChinese 五 课后作业 预习内容 销售合同 SalesContract 复习内容 1 复习和整理本课文的专业词汇 2 本课文的阅读理解 六 课堂练习 1 根据上次课的内容 回答下列问题 1 期刊名 年 卷 页 2 作者和作者的单位 通讯联系人的地址和EMAIL地址 3 文章的标题 4 出版社 2 将论文的摘要和结论翻译成中文 AnovelmethodforthepreparationofII