航海英语阅读与翻译题库.docx

第二部分 阅读题Passage 01Merchant ships are designed to carry cargo. Some are also designed to carry passengers. They can operate as liners. These are employed on regular routes on a fixed timetable. A list of their arrival and departure dates is published in advance and they sail whether full or not. Liners can be classed as either deep-sea liners or short-sea liners. The former carry mainly containerized cargo across the oceans of the world; the later carry containerized or conventional cargo on shorter routes. Ferries are also classed as liners. These offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles across channels and narrow seas. A few ships are still employed as passenger liners. They not only carry passengers but also some cargo on routes from Europe to North America and to the Far East. Nowadays the passenger trade is very small and passenger liners usually operate as cruise ships for part of the year.商船被设计用来携带货物。有些还设计载客。它们可作为班轮。这些都是雇用定期航线上一个固定的时间表。他们的到达和离开的日期提前公布的名单，无论是否装满。班轮可以被分类为远洋班轮或近岸班轮。前者主要是进行跨世界海洋集装箱货物;后者进行短航线集装箱或传统的货物。渡轮也列为班轮。通常为乘客和车辆每日或每周通过海峡或峡水道服务。一些船只仍在受聘为客轮。他们不仅接载乘客，而且还携带有一些从欧洲到北美和远东航线的货物。如今，乘客贸易非常小，通常作为客轮邮轮经营年度的一部分。 001.The deep-sea liners _. A. carry mainly containerized cargo B. carry mainly conventional cargo C. offer a daily or weekly service for passengers and vehicles D. sail across channels and narrow seas.002.The Liners _. A. always sail full B. sail regularly even not full C. always sail in ballast D. will not sail if not full003.A list of the arrival and departure dates of liners _. A. will be published weekly B. will be published when they sail，whether full or not，from Europe to North America and to the Far East C. will not be published even they sail fully loaded D. is published prior to their departure004.It is implied in the passage that _. A. the number of passenger ships is small B. all passenger ships will carry some cargo in near future C. it is not necessary for liners to sail in regular time D. container carriers should carry some passengers 001.The远洋轮船_A_。 答：A主要是集装箱货物进行 b.进的货物主要是传统的 三为旅客提供和车辆每天或每周服务 四横渡渠道和窄的海洋。 002.The班轮_B_。 答：B总是定期航行，即使没有满员 三压载航行四始终不会帆如果不充分 003.A列出的班轮_D_到达和离开日期。 a.将每周出版 B.将公布航行时，不论全职或不从欧洲，北美和远东 三将不会被发表，他们也满载航行 四是在出发前发表 004.It是隐含在文章中_A_。 A的客船数量少 B.所有客船将在不久的将来进行一些货物 三是没有必要的定期班轮航行时间 四货柜航商应进行一些乘客Passage 02Nowadays，most merchant ships are built to carry cargoes. And they mainly operate as tramps. These vessels do not sail on regular routes or keep to a fixed timetable，but are employed where there is cargo for them to carry. Tramps can be classed as deep-sea tramps or short-sea tramps. A number are classed as coasters. These ply on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports. The traditional tramp cargoes are dry bulk cargoes，but some are designed to carry general cargoes.A large number of merchant ships operate as specialized vessels. These are designed to carry a particular type of cargo. There are several types of specialized vessel. The most common are oil tankers. They are owned by the major oil companies or by independent operators. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are chemical carriers and liquefied natural gas (LNG) carriers.目前，大多数商船的建造是携带货物。他们主要经营的是不定线货船。这些船不会在定期航线上航行或保持一个固定的时间表，他们那里有货那里去装。货船可被分为远洋货轮或近海货轮。不少的船是沿岸航行的。他们从事近岸航线和内陆河运的港口。传统的货船的货物是干散货，但有些是设计为装杂货。 大量的商船是专业化船舶。这些都是被设计去携带特定类型的货物。特种船只有几种类型。最常见的是油轮。他们是由大型石油企业或独立经营者拥有。两个其他类型日益重要的液体散货船是化学品船和液化天然气（LNG）船。005.The deep-sea tramps _. A. carry bulk and general cargo across the high seas B. are built to carry passengers C. are mainly coasters D. are specialized vessel006.The coasters _. A. always sail across the high seas B. commonly carry oil cargo C. are mainly tankers D. sail on coastal routes and up rivers to inland ports007.The importance of LNG carriers _. A. is growing B. is not mentioned in passage C. is decreasing D. will be discussed further if necessary008.It is implied in the passage that _. A. the number of specialized vessels is not small B. all oil tankers will carry some chemicals in near future C. the tramps and specialized vessels are the basic type of merchant ships. D. container carriers should not be classed as trampsPassage 03Cargo ships can be divided into two basic types. One type carries dry cargo，the other carries liquid cargo; however，an OBO ship is designed to carry both. A traditional dry cargo ship is the multi-deck vessel. Her holds are divided horizontally by one or two tween decks，because these make stowage of individual packages easier. Dry bulk cargo is carried in bulk carriers. These do not have tween decks as cargo is carried loose. The most modern type of dry cargo carrier is the container ship. They carry containers of standard dimensions，consequently stowage is easier. Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in refrigerated ships. Oil tankers are the most common type of liquid cargo carrier. They are often very large，because huge quantities of oil need to be transported and one large vessel is more economical to operate than two smaller ones. Two other types of liquid bulk carrier of growing importance are the liquefied natural gas (LNG) carrier and the chemical carrier，although chemical can also be carried in drums in general cargo ships.货船可分为两个基本类型。一类带有干货，另一类是液体货物;然而，矿散油船的设计是都可以携带。传统的干货船是多甲板船。它的仓是由一或二层夹板进行水平分隔，因为这些更容易使个体包装物存放。干散货是散货船运载，它没有二层甲板因为货物是松散的。干货船类型的最现代化是集装箱船。他们运载标准尺寸的集装箱，从而更容易存放。水果，肉类和奶制品都是在冷藏船。油轮是最常见类型的液货船。他们往往非常巨大大，因为大量的石油需要运和一个大型船舶经营更为经济，比两个较小的。两个日益重要的其他类型的液体散货船是液化天然气（LNG）和化学品船，虽然化学品也能被用桶装在杂货船里。009.There are _ types of liquid bulk carrier. A. 2 B. 3 C. 4 D. 5010.A multi-deck vessel has _ tween decks. A. has many B. no C. only one D. has up to two011.Fruit，meat and dairy produce are carried in_. A. containers carriers B. traditional ships C. OBO ships D. refrigerated ships012.The types of dry cargo carriers mentioned in the passage are _. A. tween deckers，OBO ships B. traditional dry cargo ship and multi-deck vessel C. OBO ships，oil tankers，chemical tankers and LNG carriers D. dry cargo ship，dry bulk cargo carrier，container carriers and refrigerated shipsPassage 04The axial thrust of the propeller is the force working in a fore and aft direction. This force causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern. Because of her shape，a ship will move ahead through the water more easily than going astern.The transverse thrust is the sideways force of the propeller as it rotates. The transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water is not strong enough to counteract the opposite effect of the lower blades. For right-handed propellers this cants the ships stern to starboard and her bow to port，when the ship is going ahead. The effect is small and can be corrected by the rudder. When the engines are put astern，the effect is the opposite and the stern cants to port. This effect is stronger and cannot easily be corrected. Vessels with left-handed propellers behave in the opposite way.螺旋桨轴向推力是工作在首尾方向的力。这种力量使船在水中前进或后退。因为她的线形，船舶在水中向前移动比向后更容易。 横向推力是当其旋转的螺旋桨横向力。螺旋桨叶片，在靠近水面上的横向效应不够强去抵消较低的叶片相反的效果。对于右旋螺旋桨这个转向是船尾向右船首向左，当船向前进时。这个影响很小，可以由舵纠正。当主机倒车是，效果是相反的船尾向左转向，这种效果是更强大而不可轻易予以纠正。左旋螺旋桨船舶表现相反的方式。013.The force that causes the ship to move ahead through the water or to go astern is known as_. A. axial thrust B. transverse thrust C. the transverse effect of the propeller blades at the top near the surface of the water D. the transverse effect of the lower blades of the propeller near the bottom of the water014.A left-handed propellers，when the ship is going ahead，will cant ships stern to_. A. starboard B. port C. to move ahead D. move astern015.The transverse thrust of the propeller is stronger when the ship is_. A. going a stern B. going ahead C. stopped D. making no way through the water016.The transverse thrust of the propeller can mainly be overcome by _. A. the rudder B. the propeller itself C. the nautical instrument D. wind and tidePassage 05The Chief Officer，or First Mate as he is often called，is the Masters chief officer and head of the Deck Department. He is assisted by a Second Officer (Mate)，a Third Officer(Mate)，and sometimes a Fourth Officer(Mate). Several companies employ a First Officer as well as a Chief Officer. The Deck Department also includes a Boatswain (Bosun) and a Carpenter，both petty officers，and a number of ratings. These made up of Able Seamen (AB)，Ordinary Seamen (OS) and a middle grade known as Efficient Deck Hands (EDH). There are other grades of seamen. On some ships Navigating Cadets are carried for training purposes.The Chief Engineer is head of the Engine Department. He is assisted by a Second，Third，Fourth and sometimes Fifth Engineer. An Electrical Officer may also be carried. The engine room petty officers are the Storekeeper and Donkeyman. On tankers there is also a Pumpman. He is also a petty officer. The engine room ratings are Firemen and Greasers. There may also be Engineer Cadets.The Catering Department is under the Chief Steward. It is divided into a saloon and galley section. The former is headed by the Second Steward，the latter by the Ships Cook. They are both usually petty officers. They are assisted by several stewards and cooks，and by a number of junior ratings.The Radio Department often consists of only one man: the Radio Officer. On ships where continuous radio watches are kept there may be three radio officers: a Chief，Second and Third.（大副的两种叫法），是甲板部的头。他是由二副和三副协助，有时有个四副（驾助）。有几家公司采用了副驾驶以及大副。甲板部还包括一个水手长和一个木匠，都是小头目，以及若干普通船员。这些编制一水，二水（OS）和中等级的被成为有能力的甲板人员。还有其他等级的海员，在某些船带实习生进行培训的目的。 轮机长是轮机部的头。他是由大管，二管，三管和轮助协助。电机员或许也配备。机仓的小官是仓管员和辅机操作人员。在油轮也有泵工。他也是一个小官。机房的普通人员是司炉工和加油工。可能也是机舱实习人员。餐饮部在事务长领导下。它分为大台和厨房部分。前者是由第二管事为首，后者由船舶的厨师负责。他们通常都是小官。他们是由几个服务员和炊事员协助，并有一些初级人员协助。 在无线电部门往往只有一个人：报务员。连续电台值班时可能有三个报务人员船舶：报务主任，第二和第三。017._ is not a petty officer. A. Boatswain B. Second Steward C. Radio Officer. D. Storekeeper018.EDH is rank which is higher than_. A. Second Steward B. AB C. OS D. Chief Engineer019.Storekeeper belong to _. A. Deck Dept B. Engine Dept C. Catering Dept D. Radio Dept020.There are _ departments on bard a big ship according to the passage. A. two B. three C. four D. fivePassage 06While every effort is made to ensure that the data provided through the Notices to Mariners service is accurate，the user needs to be aware of the risks to corruption of data. It is important that the user should only use the data on suitable equipment and that，other applications should not be running on the users machine at the same time. Users should exercise their professional judgement in the use of data，and also consult the Mariners Handbook (NP100) for further details. The user needs to be aware that there is a possibility that data could be corrupted during transmission，or in the process of display or printing on the users equipment，or if converted to other software formats，and is accordingly advised that the UKHO cannot accept responsibility for any such change，or any modifications or unauthorised changes，made by licensees，or other parties.尽管已尽一切努力，确保航海通告提供的数据是准确的，用户需要意识到数据损坏的风险。重要的是，用户应该只使用适当的设备和数据，其他应用程序不应该在用户的计算机上运行在同一时间。在使用数据上用户应运用其专业的判断，并为关详细信息参考航海手册（NP100）。用户需要注意到该数据在传输过程中有可能会损坏，或使用用户的设备在显示或打印中，或者转换为其他软件格式，并据此表示，UKHO可以不承担责任对任何此类变更，或任何修改或未经授权的更改，由持牌人或其他各方作出。021.The data may become corrupted in any of the following process except _. A. during transmission B. in the display or printing on the users equipment C. in converting to other software formats D. in air mail delivery to the readers022.The use of the data is advised to consult _ for further details. A. Mariners Handbook B. Sailing Directions C. Guide to Port Entry D. Notices to Mariners023.Of the following items _ is not mentioned for which UKHO will accept no responsibility. A. change in the process of display or printing B. unauthorised changes made by licensees or other parties C. modifications made by licensees or other parties D. professional amendments024.It is implied that _. A. the data are incorrect B. the data are to be corrected intensively C. although the data are accurate enough，you are still advised to use it with caution D. not to use it if you have not enough time or proper equipment to effect necessary correctionPassage 07The container ship is different from the conventional type and is an innovation noted for easier handling and quicker turnover of cargoes. Cargoes to be carried by this type of ship are pre-packed into containers before being loaded aboard the ship.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. Made of metal or other durable materials，they are watertight after sealing and can therefore be stowed on deck whilst being carried. One of the features of container ships is that some of the containers are usually stowed on deck.The container ship is becoming increasingly popular in trading circles，and the trend is that the tonnage thereof will grow at a faster pace in future.集装箱船是与传统的类型不同，是一个创新，便于操作和货物周转更快。货物是由该船舶类型预先包装入集装箱在装船之前。在装好货物后集装箱是密封的， 由金属或其它耐用材料组成，它们是经过防水密封，因此可以装在甲板上。集装箱船的特点之一是通常集装箱放在甲板上。 集装箱船正成为越来越流行的交易圈，而且这种趋势是吨位将在未来较快增长。025.What does innovation in the first paragraph mean? _. A. making changes B. the introduction of an antigenic substance into the body against a specific disease C. The act of introducing something new. D. revolution026.Containers are sealed after being packed with cargoes. A. filled B. loaded C. stuffed D. closed officially or under the supervision of notary public027.Of the following，_ is not the feature of the container ship? A. Some of the containers are usually stowed on deck. B. It is easy for handling and quick turnover of the cargo C. The container ship is becoming increasingly safer D. Cargoes are pre-packed into the container028.The tonnage of container ship is _. A. decreasing B. increasing C. remaining the same D. changingPassage 08Nautical charts are indispensable to mariners. They，however，are subject to frequent changes，such as those of navigational aids，of waterways due to the dredging and construction，of depths of water，and of removal or appearance of wrecks. In order to keep up-to-date and reliable，nautical charts have to undergo correction. Changes of importance are generally promulgated by weekly edition of Notices to Mariners，which enable mariners to correct the charts by hand. If major changes make it impracticable to do so，the Notices will provide a reproduction of a small area，which is also called block，to be pasted onto the chart in its correct position.海图是海员不可或缺的。然而，他们受到频繁的改变，如助航设备，水道，由于疏浚和施工，水深，以及沉船的移动或出现。为了随时掌握最新的和可靠的，必须经过海图改正。重要的变化一般是由周版的航海通告发布，能使海员去手动修改。如果主要的变化这样做不可行，公告将提供面积小，也被称贴图，在其正确的位置粘贴复制。029.Nautical charts need correction because _. A. navigational aids are sometimes indispensable. B. there are always some mistakes C. wrecks may appear or be removed D. they could never be reprinted030.Correction to charts are made by crew members in accordance with _. A. Notices to Mariners B. Sailing Directions C. Guide to Port Entry D. Supplement031.In the passage，Blocks are _. A. large scale charts B. representations of charts C. reproductions of portions of charts D. small scale charts032.The purpose of correction to charts is to _. A. keep them up-to-date B. make the charts brand-new C. keep the charts available to all mariners in the world D. keep the charts free from mistakesPassage 09Corrections to Sailing Directions are given in Section . Those in force at the end of the year are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A list of corrections in force is published in Section of the Weekly Edition for the last week of each month.It is recommended that corrections be kept in a file with the latest list of corrections in force on top. The list should be consulted when using the parent book to see if any corrections affecting the area under consideration are in force.It is not recommended that corrections be stuck in the parent book or current supplement，but，if this is done，when a new supplement is received care must be taken to retain those corrections issued after the date of the new supplement，which may be several months before its receipt on board.航路指南的修改是第四部分。有效至年底的会在重印的航海通告年度摘要中。有效的清单刊载于周版第部分的在每月的最后一个星期。 建议修改的文件保存在一个最新有效修改的上面。当使用原书是这个清单将被参考，如果任何改正影响这个区域将被考虑是否有效。 这是不建议更正卡在原书或修订增补里，但是，如果这样做，当一个新的增补收到时必须小心保留改正颁布到新的增补日期之后，这可能是几个月前船上收到的。033._ are reprinted in the Annual Summary of Notices to Mariners. A. The Sailing Directions B. The corrections to Sailing Directions C. The effective corrections to Notices to Mari