2014高考阅读理解专项攻略科普知识.ppt

阅读理解题主要考查考生对书面语篇的整体领悟能力和接受及处理具体信息的能力 试题的取材 密切联系当前我国和世界经济 科技等方面的变化 有关数据的来源真实可信 因此科普知识类文章是每年的必考题 分析历年的科普类文章我们不难发现以下特点 1 文章逻辑性强 条理清楚 语法结构简单 用语通俗 2 文章内容注重科技领域的新发现 内容新颖 从而使文章显得陌生 内容抽象复杂 3 命题方面注意对具体细节的准确理解和以之为依据的推理判断 4 以人们的日常行为或饮食健康入手 探讨利弊 诠释过程 阐述概念 ScienceDaily June18 2012 Anexperimentalvaccine 疫苗 developedtopreventoutbreaksofMarburg 马尔堡病毒 hemorrhagic 出血的 fevercontinuestoshowpromiseinmonkeysasanemergencytreatmentforaccidentalexposurestothevirusthatcausesthedisease ThereisnolicensedtreatmentforMarburginfection whichhasahighfatalityrate Inastudyofrhesusmacaques 恒河猴 5of6monkeyssurvivedafataldoseofMarburgviruswhentreated24hoursafterinfection and2of6survivedwhentreated48hoursafterinfection BecauserhesusmacaquestypicallydieofMarburginfectionfasterthanhumans thepost exposuretreatmentwindowmightbeextendedevenfurtherinhumans thestudyauthorssay Thestudy overseenbyascientificteamfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthandthreeothergroupswithexpertiseinviralhemorrhagicfevers waspostedonlinebythejournalEmergingInfectiousDiseases Developingsafe effective andrapidlyeffectivepost exposuretreatmentsforfiloviruses 丝状病毒 isanimportantscientificpriorityforourInstitute saysAnthonyS Fauci M D directorofNIH sNationalInstituteofAllergyandInfectiousDiseases NIAID Thevaccineusedinthisstudyisamongseveralnovelapproachestotreatingfilovirusesthatshowgreatpotential ThefactthatthreeoftherhesusmacaquesinthecurrentstudyshowedevidenceofMarburgvirusinperiodicbloodtests butlaterclearedthevirusfromtheirsystemsandsurvived isparticularlysatisfyingtoDr FeldmannandTomGeisbert Ph D ofBostonUniversity Inaddition 14daysafterinfection alloftherhesusmacaquesthatsurvivedshowedmoderatetohighlevelsofantibodies 抗体 againstMarburgvirus Thescientistsviewthisasproofthatthevaccineworkedashoped 1 Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthispassage A EvidenceofMarburgVirusinPeriodicBloodTestsB SeveralNovelApproachestoTreatingFilovirusesC ALethalDoseofMarburgVirusinHumansD ExperimentalMarburgVaccinePreventsDiseaseTwoDaysAfterInfection2 Accordingtothepassage thereisascientificteamfrom inspectingthestudy A thejournalScienceDailyB thejournalEmergingInfectiousDiseasesC NationalInstitutesofHealthD BostonUniversity 3 TheunderlinedwordinParagraph2mostprobablymeans A akindofvirusB aspecifiedquantityC akindoftreatmentD atype4 Fromthepassage whichofthefollowingstatementsisRIGHT A ThereisnotreatmentforMarburginfection B Marburgbelongstofiloviruses C Thereisonlyoneapproachtotreatingfiloviruses D Alloftherhesusmacaquesthatsurvivedtheinfection 5 Thispassagecanbeclassifiedas A anadvertisementB abookreviewC afeaturestoryD anewsreport 语篇解读 本文是科技新闻 文章主要介绍了研究马尔堡病病毒疫苗的突破性成果 1 D主旨大意题 本文主要讲述了对马尔堡病病毒疫苗的研究成果 2 C细节理解题 根据文章第三段中Thestudy overseenbyascientificteamfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthandthreeothergroupswithexpertiseinviralhemorrhagicfevers 即可判断 3 B词义猜测题 根据fatal以及ofMarburgvirus可判断为病毒的剂量 而表示数量含义的只有B项 4 B推理判断题 此题根据作者首先介绍对马尔堡病毒治疗的实验 而接着第四段开头却说发明了丝状病毒的症候治疗 说明马尔堡病毒属于丝状病毒科 5 D推理判断题 根据文章开头中ScienceDaily June18 2012 即可判断为科学新闻报道 难句分析 原文 Thestudy overseenbyascientificteamfromtheNationalInstitutesofHealthandthreeothergroupswithexpertiseinviralhemorrhagicfevers waspostedonlinebythejournalEmergingInfectiousDiseases 译文 这个研究由国立卫生研究院的科学小组和3个其它研究病毒性出血热的专家小组监查 并由EmergingInfectiousDiseases杂志把研究成果发布在了网上