首字母填空解题技巧及配套试题.doc

2014年中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习题首字母填空 给首字母填空类短文题是近几年来各地中考试题经常采用的题型之一，因为它有非常好的信度和效度，又能拉开考生间的分差、提高区分度。这种题 型属于能力测试的范畴，它考查的范围极广，可以是英语知识的方方面面，还可能涉及其它学科。它要求考生在充分理解短文的基础上将单词拼写出来，并且单词形 式合理，符合语法规范，符合短文需要。这种试题的首字母已给，所填的就必须是该字母开头的单词。这既是一种限制，又是一种提示。 可是这种题型因难度相对较大，考生失分现象比较严重。学生要仔细阅读全文，利用上下文提供的有关信息，再仔细阅读相关句子，判断所缺单词的 句子成分，才能完成练习。最能测量考生实际运用语言的能力。要做好此类题目，考生不但要有较强的语感，善于体会上下文的 内在联系，而且要有扎实的语言知识储备和较大的词汇量。中考英语首字母填空技巧1.通读短文（对大意有个了解，而不是盲目的去做。学会跳读，对于不理解的地方可以暂时略过不去管它。）2.认真分析，填写单词（在了解大意的情况下，我们开始一边读一边做题。在阅读过程中，要注意上、下文的关系，对于生词可以根据上下文的意思进行猜测。）（留心找出关键词、短语或句子，还要结合所给首字母的提示，进行填写，并注意单词的正确形式。）（1） 依据习惯用法与固定搭配进行填词：如W his help, the old man was safe. The boy thanked him very much. （2） 依据语法知识进行填词：如It was a l earlier. （3） 依据常识的积累进行填词：如But it was too late. His friend was very angry. Mr. White said nothing but only one word “S .” （4）依据逻辑推理与句意理解进行填词：如One Sunday afternoon, Mr. White drove his new car to his friends house happily. He wanted to p his friend up at five and then went to see a new movie together. 4. 细心检查（检查填写的单词形式和意思是否合理，即是否与文章要求相符，有无句型结构及语法错误比如主语为第三人称单数时动词加s，动词的时态。）Note：做好首字母填空要注意以下几点1. 单词量。很多学生做不好首字母填空很重要的一点原因是学过的单词没掌握。 每当看到一个首字母，脑子中应该迅速闪过好几个词，然后根据句意选择最合适的一个。或者反过来，用意义对单词，先看句子是什么意思，然后根据意思填出合适的单词。2.平时注意积累词组、习惯用法和固定搭配。（如果老师没带这你们整理的话， 我建议一人备个本子，自己整理，除了课本上的，平时你们考的卷子上易错的都整理到本子上， 平时常拿出来翻翻巩固一下，下次在遇到类似的就会很快想到）3. 一定注意上下句的联系。很多情况下。你要填的单词在上文或者下文出现过了，所以说试卷中不是没有答案，而是你要有一双发现答案的眼睛。还有一个情况是在一句话中，可能会出现反义词，也就是说你要填的单词是上文或下文中一个词的反义词。4. 利用词性帮助判断。根据上下文及该句判断词性， 再结合首字母确定该词的意思。（要有一定的句法知识）5. 注意检查。这里有个方法可以一试， 默读， 利用语感和自己的语法知识填空。如果读着不顺，就有可能有错误。6.掌握文章的逻辑顺序，有利于把握文章全局。文章的逻辑关系不外乎列举、原因、结果、让步、对照、补充、目的、条件等关系。 Step1：掌握句子成分与十种词性之间的对应关系。通过对单一成分的分类练习， 掌握该句子成分与何种词性相对应。词性正确是答案正确的前提。 (1) 对主语的判断 1. T_ are helpful to students. 2. H_ is more important to me than money. 3. Some famous s_ are going to give lectures in our university in August. 4.F _ is my favorite sport. 5. C_ stamps is my hobby. 分析：以上练习中，所填的词均为句子的主语。主语是动作的发出者，词性主要为名词与代词（1-）；动词不能直接用作主语，必须转化成其对应的名词或动名词（-）。此外，形容词前加the以及带连词的句子也可作主语。 例如： The rich are not always happy. 句中the rich 指“有钱人”，因此可以作主语。 What I wanted was just your help. 句中What I wanted是一个带有连词what的句子，因此也可以作主语。 (2) 对谓语的判断 John was standing on the step of a house. An old woman c_ over to him. “My boy,” she a_ , “Is your father at home?” “Yes,” a_ John. The woman b_ ringing the bell. She rang and rang, but there was no answer. At last she t_ back to John and s_ angrily, “Didnt you s_ that your father was at home?” “I did”, answered John, “but this i_ my house.” 分析：语篇中的所缺词均为谓语动词。谓语是句子所表示的动作，词性只能是动词，而且在句子中不能缺。当一个主谓结构中同时出现两个或两个以 上动词时，还要判断他们之间的相互关系，对谓语动词或非谓语动词的判断只有在熟练掌握相关知识的基础上，才能作出正确的判断。平时练习和周练中，我经常让 学生做些“用动词的适当形式填空”练习，有助于对动词形式的判断。 (3) 对宾语的判断 1.Mr. Chen was surprised to see the fast d_ in Shanghai after his long absence from the city. 2.The front is in great need of medical w_.3.Thank you for your _. ( kind ) 4.At last he sold his _. ( invent ) 分析：宾语是动作的承受者，分动词宾语与介词宾语两种。宾语的词性同和主语的词性一样，单是如果代词作宾语时就必须用其宾格。 (4) 对表语的判断 1. It is _ for an ordinary plane to fly to the moon. ( possible) 2. The sick man is getting _. ( ill ) 3.Patrick is going to be a(n) _ when he grows up.(engine) 4.Such cold weather is quite _ in June and people have to wear warm clothes again. （ usually ） 5.Its a _ to have a picnic with all the members. （please ） 分析：表语是连系动词后接的成分。词性主要为形容词，名词, 介词短语。如果是动词 的适当形式作表语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (5) 对定语的判断 1. The _ exams usually take place at the end of June. ( finally) 2.On a _ night, you can see thousands of stars in the sky. ( clearly) 3.In _ weather, the old had better stay at home. (freeze ) 4.The French artist said, “It is my _ time to visit Shanghai. I love this city so much. ( one ) 5.Most people dont like _ food. ( freeze ) 6.Who is your _ teacher? ( chemical ) 分析:定语是修饰名词与代词的成分。词性以形容词，序数词，介词短语为主。名词修 饰名词说明后面名称的性能或用途。如：stamp show / physics teacher。如果是动词 的适当形式作定语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 (6) 对状语的判断 1. The old lady could hardly believe that she had got the travel pass to Hong Kong so _ (easy) 2.Watch _, and you will find the difference between the two pictures. ( care ) 3.After flying in the storm for nearly one hour, the helicopter landed _ at last. ( safe ) 分析：状语是说明动作发生的时间，地点，原因，方式，目的，结果，条件和伴随情况 的成分。词性以副词为主，也可以是介词短语。如果是动词的适当形式作状语，动词必须改成 to do ,doing 或 done 的形式。 Step2：对词性、词义、词形的精确判断阶段，即综合运用阶段 Mr. Wu is getting old. He is l_ the school soon. The s_ in his class have given h_ a lot of p_. Among t_ are cards, note-books, photos and books. Most of the cards are m_ by the students themselves. Photos will h_ Mr. Wu remember the happy t_ when he was with his students. Next week, t_ will have a p_ to s _ goodbye to him. Step3：熟能生巧阶段。 要做到举重若轻，必须作长期系统的训练，把上述知识演化为解题技能。 例如： 【上海】D. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with suitable words .( 在短文的空格内填入适当的次,使其内容通顺. 每空格限填一词, 首字母已给 ): ( 14分) At one time, making a film was an expensive activity only for a small group of people and film companies. Not only were the tools and machines expensive but the cost of film was also far greater than most people could afford. However, modern technology has c 92 all that. New technology has really opened up the world of film-making for film fans. Now a camera does not cost m 93 and most young people are certainly able to pay for it. So all you need is to get one for yourself. With that, you may then start your own film-making. However, film-making is t 94 work. You probably need many other people to help you. For example, the p 95 of actors and actresses is very important in your film. Of course, these actors and actresses may be your schoolmates, friends or family members. You dont even need to pay them a cent while they are glad to be part of your job. B 96 , you need to make up a story. Can you write your own one? If you have good imagination, you can create an attractive story c 97 . Many world-famous film makers and producers are also good story-writers. If not, perhaps you need someone else to write it for you. An excellent story is the key to making a s 98 film. 实战练习 （一） Do you have a pet? Are you i_ in taking care of animals? Girls and boys who like animals may want to study to be animal doctors. Theyre often c_ “vets”. Many of them work in animal h_. Others may work on farms or at a z_. Some study animal diseases and try to find w_ to keep the animals from getting i_. They do studies in m_ for animals. Vets listen to an animals h_. They check (检查) its ears, eyes, mouth and blood. They o_ on animals when they need to. They may give the animals shots (注射) and tell the pets o _ what food is best. （二） Dear Tom: Are you surprised to hear from me? I have not heard from you s_ the beginning of the summer h_. How are you getting on with your s_? How are your parents? Is your brother Bill b_ f_ Canada yet? My stamp collection is g_ bigger and bigger. I have collected stamps of more than forty d_ countries. In my stamp books. I usually put the stamps from each country together. I have got a pen-friend from Britain. She gave me some B_ stamps. My American teacher has given me some beautiful American and Canadian stamps. Im glad to know you are going to give me some foreign stamps, but I still have not r_ the stamps of Nepal which you said to p_ me. Have you sent them off yet? Please write to me. Have you sent them off yet? Yours Zhou Wen （三） When Martin was a small boy, he lived in the little town of Holtham. Then he thought the town was a big p_. Well, Martin went back to Holtham last week. “Its a small town!” he thought. Holtham has changed little during the p_ forty years. B_ Martin has changed a lot. He has g_ into a man. He is now in m_ life. His thoughts are a mans thoughts, and he sees things through a m_ eyes. Martin s_ in Holtham for five years. He walked from street t_ street. He could see no friends. Was Holtham, then, a town of strangers? No, Martin suddenly u_ it all. Only he h_ was a stranger in the town. （四） I got an answering machine for my birthday and I soon realized（意识到）what a u_ machine this is. I am not at home m_ of the day, so someone can leave a message and I can ring them b_. They have no way to say they c_ get in touch with (联系) me. when I am at home and have work to do, the phone never s_. Now I put the machine on. I am not troubled. So I can do a lot m_ work. There are some people I j_ do not want to talk to. So I put the machine on and I dont have to s_ to them. In conclusion(总之)，I really dont know how I lived w_ this wonderful machine. (五) Near the North Pole (北极) there are two s_, winter and summer. The winter nights are long. For more t_ two months, you cant s_ the sun, e_ at noon. The summer days are also long. For more than two months, the sun n_ goes down and there are no n_. The people there have warm clothes. They make most of these clothes by t_. They make them from the skins (皮) of a_. From skins they make coats and hats and even shoes. In this cold weather, trees cant g_. The people there have to build their houses from skins, earth or snow. Life is h_ for the people there. (六) How do you like to go to school like one in Oxford(牛津大学), England ? There are no r_ classes. The students go from one group to a _ when they want to. You may find students of fourteen, sixteen or twenty-five years old all in the s_ group. They work at their o_ studies. Nobody tells them what they should or shouldnt be doing. The day I visited, school b_ at nine. Some students were working at a tape recorder and listening to their lessons. Others were watching TV on maths. A group was reading in the school l_. I didnt see anybody just sit doing n_. Everybody was studying. At lunch time I could see students w_, too. They were talking about their lessons while they were e_. When you think of these students you can be sure it is one of the best s _ in the world. (七) One day when Nasreddin was having a bath, he began to s_. The bathroom was small with a stone floor. His song was very b_, he thought. “Oh”,he said, “I sing very well. I will sing to o_ people, too, and maybe Ill be a famous s_, and most people will want to hear me.” So after his bath Nasreddin went up onto the roof (屋顶) of the house and began to sing his song very l_. A man was w_ in front of the house and he h_ Nasreddin, he said, “What are you doing? You are m_ a terrible noise. Nobody wants to hear it.” “Oh, you think so, dont you?” answered Nasreddin, “Well, I r_ sing very beautifully. Come to my bathroom and youll hear h_ beautiful I can sing.”（八） One day Mike was playing near a river. S_ his knife fell into the river. He felt very sad because the knife was g_ to him by his father as a birthday present, but it was lost. Then all at once, a k_ old woman came up and asked Mike what was the m_. “I had lost my knife,” he said, “ it fell into the water when I was playing here.” The old woman s_ him a gold (金) knife and asked, “is this y_?” “No.” said the boy. The old woman then showed him a silver (银) knife and asked a_, “Is this yours?” “No”, again answered the boy. Then she showed him an iron (铁) knife. “Yes, thats mine,” c_ out the happy boy. “I know it well e_.” said the old woman. “Now I will give you the gold knife and the silver knife b_ you are an honest (诚实的) boy.”（九） Tom liked to play at school. He had not been doing w_ in the exam. So the a_ teacher decided to ask his father to come to school to have a t_ with him. When his father came, the teacher said to him, “ Your son didnt work hard, and e_ worse, he cheated (作弊) in the exam.” “ How do you l_ it?” Toms father said. “Since Tom has the s_ answer as the girls. The girl sits next to him.” The teacher said. Then the father said, “ Then m_ the girl copied my sons answer.” “Oh no! There are ten questions on the paper. Your sons answer t_ the first nine questions are just the same as the g_. To the last question the girl answered, I dont know. And your son write N_ do I ”.（十） A shop owner c_ his shop and went home. He was very t_ ,but j_ as he went to bed, the telephone rang . A man asked, “What time do you o_ your shop?” The shop owner was u_ about this phone call. He put down the receiver(听筒) without a_ and went back to bed. A few minutes later the telephone rang again and the man asked the s_ question. The shop owner became very angry and shouted, “ You neednt ask me when I open the shop, f_ I wont let you i_.” “Oh, no, I dont want to get in,” the man said, “I want to go o_.”（11） Do you know Sweden(瑞典)？ It l in the north of EuropeIt is the fourth largest country in Europe with an a 2 of 450, 000 square kilometers and the population of about 8.5 million. Over one third of them live in the three largest cities, namely Stockholm, Goteborg and Malmo. More than half of Sweden is c 3 with trees. It is one of the r 4 countries in the world. About 100 years ago Sweden became industrialized(工业化). Today less than one third of the people are f5.Sweden is the country where the famous Nobel Prizes are awarded. Many people who have been to Stockholm, the c 6 of Sweden, must have visited the places where Nobel Prizes are awarded.The first language of Sweden is Swedish. English is the first f 7 language in schools. Many middle-school students can s 8 two to three languages. Most of the Swedish people，men and women, o9 and young, can speak English. So there is no p 10 to speak with them in English 2014年中考英语首字母填空解题技巧及练习题实战练习答案： 1. interested , called, hospitals, zoo, ways, ill, medicine ,heart, operate , owner 2. since, holidays, studies, back, from, getting, different, British , received, post 3. place, past, But, grown, middle, mans, stayed, to, understood, himself 4. useful, most, back, cant, stops, more, just, speak, without5. Seasons than see even never night themselves animals grow hard6. real, another, same, own, began, library, nothing, working, eating, schools 7. sing, beautiful, other, singer, loudly, walking, heard, making, really, how 8. Suddenly, given, kind, matter, showed, yours, again, cried, enough, because 9. well. Angry, talk, even, learn, same, maybe, to, girls, Neither. 10. closed, tired, just, open, unhappy, answering, same, for, in, out11.1.lies :It 代词，代替前面的瑞典Sweden，后面说in the north of Europe表明方位，所以可以推断，这里应该填“位于”，还有第三人称单数。2.area ：后面of 450, 000 square kilometers很明显说的是土地面积3.covered ：有系动词is，考虑被动语态，被覆盖4.richest ：one of the 形容词 countries，考虑最高级，后文又说1