图表分析类高考作文写作技巧点拨.doc

图表分析类高考作文写作技巧点拨(2008-05-08 22:05:06)图表分析类作文要求学生通过观察图表，将数据、文字内容及图表所包含的信息进行分析，将它们系统准确地转化为表意的说明文字，从而得出令人信服的结论。由于图形、图表能更加直观、实用，同时能更好地考查学生的观察能力、分析问题及语言驾驭能力而倍受高考青睐。【图表分类】图表示作文有以下几种形式：以坐标轴的形式出现的表示数据大小或数量差异或变化的柱状图（bar graph）或出现时间参照的曲线图（line graph）；以圆内扇形大小表示总体与内部结构变化的圆型或饼形图（pie graph）；以表格形式将统计的数据体现出来的统计表（statistical graph）；两图或多图组合的综合图形（compound / complex graph）。【信息的提取】图表分析类作文不像文字提示或表格作文那样信息点明显，它的特点是提示语言少，信息点分散，数据多，因此审题时一定要针对不同的图形进行适当的分析。如柱状图或曲线图，则一定要运用坐标刻度及数轴所提供的信息点来分析几组数据间的变化，抓住主要特点及规律进行说明。对饼形图则一定要根据百分比搞清部分与整体、部分与部分的关系。对综合图要说明几个大的问题，而且往往是第一图表达现状，第二图表达原因或解决办法，要把它们揉合在一起写成一篇语义连贯的文章。【体裁特点】说明文：单纯描述解释图表信息，按照图表所展示内容如实表述，不加评论。议论文：通过叙述图表中的信息及数据间的变化，找规律，分析原因，发表评论或解决办法。【写作三部曲】第一步：开门见山点明本图所反映的主题。常用的句型有：As can be seen from the graph / table / chart .; As is shown in the graph .; The graph / table / chart tells / shows the changes in . between . and . / from . to .; This is a line graph which describes the general trend of .; The pie graph represents .第二步：分析数据间的主要变化、差异及趋势，然后叙述并阐明必要的理由或原因。在叙述数据间的变化及总体趋势特征时，为了使层次清楚，对比鲜明，常采用分类式或对比式表达以支持主题。常用的词汇及句型有：rise, drop, fall, reduce, decrease, increase, while, but, on the contrary, however, in contrast to, compared . with / to, between . and ., from . to ., among, less than, more than, as . as ., the same as, similar . to, equal . to .; be twice / three times more than .; be half as . as .The number / figure sharply went up to . from . to .; The percentage of . stays the same between .; The figures have reached the peaks / bottom .; There are a lot of similarities / differences between . and .; There are more A in ., reaching . %, compared with . % of B; There are some reasons for that; The reasons are as follows; Here are some reasons which cause .第三部：归纳总结、发表评论或提供解决的办法（在说明文中没有必要发表评论或解决办法）常用的词汇及句型有：in a word, in short, to sum up, in all, altogether, generally speaking, in my opinion / view .Its clear from the chart that .; From the graph we can learn / know .; As is described above, we can draw a conclusion that .; From the graph / date / results / information above, it can be seen / concluded / shown / estimated .; There is no doubt that .; It is clear that .所使用的承接词还有：besides, in addition (to), Whats more, moreover .【注意事项】在叙述数据间的发展变化时，如果数据特别多就没有必要对每组数据一一陈述，应避免啰嗦、重复、流水账式的写法，应该抓住突出特征进行描述，这样才能给人留下深刻的印象。这类作文行文的顺序和层次一定要清楚明了，尤其是在描写数据变化时，一定要按照一定的顺序，如时间顺序、逻辑顺序或数据由大到小或由小到大等等，切忌毫无章法。时态的变化。此类作文主要使用现在时态，在描写过去情况时使用过去时态，在发表看法或做评论时应使用现在时态。【经典回放】你们班最近举行了一次讨论，讨论主题是“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?”请你根据下面图表及汉语提示，写一篇短文并阐述你的个人观点。提示：1. 增长学识，提高素养，利于择业。2. 成功的路不止一条。3. 学费高，就业难。要求：1.词数：100-120左右。2. 开头语已为你写好(不计入总词数)。3. 参考词汇： tuition n 学费qualities n素养 【解题指导】本题要求学生通过柱状图的分析，就图中数据和提示内容用英语写一篇“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?”的议论文。可采取三段式写法来行文：第一段：根据本图内容，提炼讨论的观点。第二段：紧扣主题，根据图表所显示的三种人所占的人数比例进行比较并分析原因。第三段：发表议论，提出自己的看法。提炼要点：根据柱状图提供的数据信息可以看出，黑色代表想上大学，在比例上占大多数，约60%；浅黑色代表无所谓，在比例上约占30%；白色代表不想上大学，约占10%。One possible version:Is It The Only Way Out To Go To College ?We had a discussion about whether it is the only way out for senior students to go to college Views vary from person to person.The majority of us consider it very necessary to go to college They think it can widen their knowledge and improve their qualitiesOnly in this way can they find better jobs after graduation Very few students, who make up about ten percent of the students, think it no use going to university, because the tuition is too high for their family to afford Whats more, its rather hard for college graduates to find satisfactory jobs Thirty percent of the students, however, believe “All roads lead to Rome” Therefore, it doesnt make any difference whether they go to college or notIn my opinion, we had better go to college because we can receive a better education at college so as to serve our motherland better【精彩点击】1. 范文开宗明义，中心突出，就“上大学是高中生唯一的出路吗?”展开论述，最后得出结论“最好上大学接受更好的教育来报效祖国”。2. 行文上采用了三段论，文字流畅，结构紧凑，短小凝练，体现了作者英语较强的写作基本功。3. 语言亮点。高级词汇及短语。复杂句式，如：形式宾语，倒装，主语从句，主从句，谚语等。2009年高考英语图表作文写作训练一2009-04-01 16:17来源：网络 作者：佚名 打印 评论 图表作文近年高考和各地的模拟考试中，也屡次出现，而且学生普遍反映此类文章不好写，难于下手动笔。但是如果我们仔细研究就不难会发现，其实此类文章还是有一些共同点和规律可以操作的，值得我们总结。例文（一） 假如你是李华，在最近的研究性学习当中，受21世纪中学生英语报 （The 21st Century）之邀，你对你所在的班60名同学（男女各半）进行了上网目的的调查。现将调查结果（如下表所示）用英语给报社的编辑写一封信，报道此事，以引起舆论的关注，并提出你的观点和建议。 注意：1、报道应包括图表所示全部内容，可适度发挥。2、文章的开头与结尾已给出，不计入总词数。3、词数：150 4、参考词汇：调查： make a surveyDear editor，I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet._思路点拨题材：书信；说明+议论 时态：一般现在时人称：第三人称要点提示：（）上网的目的；（）读新闻；（）发送邮件；（）聊天；（）学习；（）玩游戏；（）评语范文：Dear editor, I have recently made a survey among 30 boys and 30 girls in my class about their purpose of getting on the Internet. The girls favorite is chatting, but few boys like it. What the boys like to do most is playing games and the girls also like it. Both boys and girls like to read news or send e-mails on the Internet. Maybe they think its the most convenient way to get information from keeping in touch with friends. As for studying, the numbers of boys and girls are equal, but altogether only several of them will use the Internet as a tool to study.In my opinion, useful as the Internet is, the students had better make better and wise use of it. Otherwise, its impossible for us to benefit from it. Moreover, I also hope the parents will pay enough attention to their children using the Internet in their spare time.Yours， Li Hua文采修饰连接词的选用：but, both, and, moreover, otherwise高级词汇的选用：keep in touch with, as for, use as , benefit from, pay attention to, altogether, in ones opinion.复杂句型的选用：whatmost 引导的主语从句；as 引导的让步状语从句；倒装语序2009年高考英语图表作文写作训练二下列表格为某市1998年与2008年人们度假方式的情况比较，请按表格内容写一篇150词左右的短文，并对度假方式变化原因加以简要评析。年度19982008原因境外旅游11%22%收入增加海边度假38%31%海水污染爬山野营11%34%回归自然The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1998 to 2008.思路点拨：1、体裁：比较对照类2、时态：一般过去时（发表评论时可用一般现在时）3、人称：第三人称4、篇章结构：分三段 范文： The way people spend their holidays changed a lot from 1998 to 2008.The table shows that a greater number of people spent their holidays traveling abroad in 2008. The rate of 2008 (22%) doubled that of 1998 (11%). We are sure that the number will increase because with their incomes rising, more people can