2019高考英语3-2-1专项21阅读理解-社会生活、文化(学生版).doc

20192019 高考英语高考英语 3 2 13 2 1 专项专项 2121 阅读理解阅读理解 社会生活 文化 学生社会生活 文化 学生 版 版 考点定位考点定位 2018 考纲解读和近几年考点分布考纲解读和近几年考点分布 社会文化包括经济 政治 文化 科学等各种题材 是高考英语阅读理解的热点 题材 它以中西文化差异作为选材的重点 比如礼仪 语言 价值观 生活习惯等为主 题 题材涉及社会 文化 教育 体育等方面的内容 一般一篇文章一个主题 以议 论文和阅读内容的社会实用性越来越强 更重视语言和文化的关系 阅读材料会更多 地涉及社会化背景知识 因此 要通过阅读更多地涉及社会文化背景知识 更多地了 解并丰富自己的知识 考点考点 pk 名师考点透析名师考点透析 考点一 细节事实理解 考点一 细节事实理解 一篇文章必然是由许多具体的细节 具体的内容构成的 所有这些信息以某种顺序 时间 空间 情感变化等 排列起来 来进一步解释或阐释主题 表达文章的主旨 大意 细节理解题目主要考查学生对文章具体事实和细节的理解能力 属于表层理解题范 畴 难度较小 但在整个阅读理解题中所占比例最大 细节理解题多从文章的某个具 体事实或细节出发来设计题目 此类题通常根据文章具体内容来设问 也常使用以下方式来提问 C between New York and San Francisco D both A and B 解析解析 由第二段的第一句话和最后一段的最后一句话可得出正确答案是 D 项 2 间接事实题间接事实题 解答此类题 需要结合上下文提供的语境和信息进行简单的概括和判断或者要进 行简单的计算 Invited by Mr Ye Huixian host of the well received TV programme Stars Tonight Miss Luo Lin Miss Asia of 1991 appeared as the guest hostess on the Shanghai TV screen last Sunday Born in Shanghai and taken to Hongkong when she was only six years old Luo Lin has never dreamed of being Miss Asia Her childhood dream was to be an air hostess Before she took part in the competition she had been an airhostess in Cathay Airline for seven years However it still took her three months to learn the art of walking on the stage dancing singing making up and other proper manners designed by the Asia TV Station It s really a hard job for me I won t enter for such competition any more Anyhow I am quite lucky I am also glad to have had more chance to work for the social welfare since I won the title This time in Shanghai I d love to make a deep impression on my TV audience said Luo Lin with a sweet smile Q Which of the following is NOT true A Luo Lin is a native of Shanghai B Luo Lin moved to Hongkong with her parents C Luo Lin won the title of Miss Asia in 1991 D Asia TV Station helped Luo Lin to become Miss Asia 解析解析 A C 和 D 项都可在原文找到答案 而 B 项原文所给的是 taken to Hongkong 可判断不是 moved to Hongkong with her parents 因此选 B 3 数据推算 数据推算 If you register both the VIEW qualification course and the Forum at the same time you will save A 100 B 300 C 350 D 400 这类题目要求学生就文章提供的数据 以及数据与文中其他信息的关系做简单计 算和推断 在做此类题时 1 要抓住并正确理解与数据有关的信息含义 2 弄清众多信息中那些属于有用信息 那些属于干扰信息 3 不要孤立看待数字信息 而要抓住一些关键用语的意义 考点三 推理推断 考点三 推理推断 推理题要求考生根据文章提供的事实和线索进行逻辑推理 推断出作者没有提到或 者没有明说的事实或者可能发生的事实 这类题旨在考查学生透过词语的字面意义去 理解作者的言外之意或弦外之音的能力 属于深层理解题 此类题的设问常常包括 infer imply suggest conclude 等词 这类题的设问方式主要有 1 We can infer from the Passage that 2 What can be inferred from the Passage 3 Which of the following can be inferred from the Passage 4 It can be inferred from Paragraph 3 that 5 The author suggests in this paragraph that 6 The writer implies that 7 It can be inferred that 8 It can be concluded from the Passage that 9 On the whole we can conclude that 10 From the text we can conclude that 11 After reading the Passage we may conclude that 12 What conclusion can be drawn from the Passage 13 The author is inclined to think that 14 When the writer talks about what he really means is that 15 What s the writer s attitude feeling towards 16 In the writer s opinion 近年来 高考加大了对学生判断推理能力的考查 判断推理题要求在理解原文表 面文字信息的基础上 作出一定判断和推论 从而得到文章的隐含意义和深层意义 推理题所涉及的内容可能是文中某一句话 也可能是某几句话 但做题的指导思想都 是以文字信息为依据 既不能做出在原文中找不到文字根据的推理 也不能根据表面 文字信息做多步推理 做题时要注意题干的语言形 如 According to the passage It can be inferred from the passage that It can be concluded from the passage that 等 虽然从 表面上看是问有关全文的题 但实际上不用看全篇 仍然只需要根据选项中的线索找 到原文中与之相关的一句话或几句话 然后得出答案 针对推理题的不同形 可以采 取以下做法 1 假如题干中有具体线索 根据具体线索找到原文相关句 一句或几句话 然后做出推理 2 假如题干中无线索 如 It can be inferred from the passage that It can be concluded from the passage that 等 先浏览一下 4 个选项 排除不太可能的选项 然后根据最可能的选项中的关键词找到原文相关句 作出推理 3 如果一篇文章中其他 题都未涉及文章主旨 那么推理题 如 infer conclude 题型 可能与文章主旨有关 考 生应该定位到文章主题所在位置 如主题句出现处 假如其他题已经涉及文章主旨 那 么要求推断出来的内容可能与段落主题有关 如果如此 应该找段落主题所在处 如 果不与段落主题有关 有时与全文或段落的重要结论有关 这时可以寻找与这些结论 相关的原文表达 1 定义法 如 Annealing is a way of making metal softer by heating it and then letting it cool very slowly 句子给予 annealing 以明确的定义 即 退火 It will be very hard but also very brittle that is it will break easily 从后面的解释中我们可以了解到 brittle 是 脆 的意思 The herdsman who looks after sheep earns about 650 yuan a year 定语从句中 looks after sheep 就说明了 herdsman 的词义为 牧人 2 同位法 如 They traveled a long way and at last got to a castle a large building in old times 同位语部分 a large building in old times 给出了 castle 的确切词义 即 城堡 We are on the night shift from midnight to 8 a m this week 两个破折号之间的短语很清楚地说明 night shift 是 夜班 的意思 3 对比法 如 She is usually prompt for all her class but today she arrived in the middle of her first class but 一词表转折 因此 but 前后的意思正相反 后半句的意思是 她今天第一节第一节上 了一半才来 因此反向推理 可得出她平时一向 准时 的结论 4 构词法 前缀 后缀 复合 派生等 如 Perhaps we can see some possibilities for next fifty years But the next hundred possibility 是 possible 的同根名词 据此可以判断定 possibility 意思是 可能性 5 因果法 如 The lack of movement caused the muscles to weaken Sometimes the weakness was permanent So the player could never play the sport again 从后面的结果 永远不能再运动 中 可以推测 permanent 的意思为 永远的 永久 三年高考三年高考 10 11 12 高考试题及其解析高考试题及其解析 2018 高考英语试题高考英语试题 文化教育类 2018 江苏卷 D Franz Kafka wrote that a book must be the ax 斧子 for the frozen sea inside us I once shared this sentence with a class of seventh graders and it didn t seem to require any explanation We d just finished John Steinbeck s novel Of Mice and Men When we read the end together out loud in class my toughest boy a star basketball player wept a little and so did I Are you crying one girl asked as she got out of her chair to take a closer look I am I told her and the funny thing is I ve read it many times Along with Of Mice and Men my groups read Sounder The Red Pony Lord of the Flies Romeo and Juliet and Macbeth The students didn t always read from the expected point of view About The Red Pony one student said it s about being a man it s about manliness I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth nor had I heard Lady Macbeth s soliloquies 独白 read as raps 说唱 but both made sense the interpretations were playful but serious Once introduced to Steinbeck s writing one boy went on to read The Grapes of Wrath and told me repeatedly how amazing it was that all these people hate each other and they re all white His historical view was broadening his sense of his own country deepening Year after year former students visited and told me how prepared they had felt in their first year in college as a result of the classes Year after year however we are increasing the number of practice tests We are trying to teach students to read increasingly complex texts not for emotional punch 碰撞 but for text complexity Yet we cannot enrich 充实 the minds of our students by testing them on texts that ignore their hearts We are teaching them that words do not amaze but confuse We may succeed in raising test scores but we will fail to teach them that reading can be transformative and that it belongs to them 66 The underlined words in Paragraph 1 probably mean that a book helps to A realize our dreams B give support to our life C smooth away difficulties D awake our emotions 67 Why were the students able to understand the novel Of Mice and Men A Because they spent much time reading it B Because they had read the novel before C Because they came from a public school D Because they had similar life experiences 68 The girl left the selective high school possibly because A she was a literaryminded girl B her parents were immigrants C she couldn t fit in with her class D her father was then in prison 69 To the author s surprise the students read the novels A creatively B passively C repeatedly D carelessly 70 The author writes the passage mainly to A introduce classic works of literature B advocate teaching literature to touch the heart C argue for equality among high school students D defend the current testing system In the letter Sophia and her supporters offered to hire teachers or build suitable buildings for a medical school and to arrange for lectures to be delivered in the subjects not already covered at St Andrews Although her letter was not successful it eventually led to the establishment of the Ladies Literate in Arts at St Andrews a distancelearning degree for women The qualification which ran from 1877 until the 1930s gave women access to university education in the days before they were admitted as students It was so popular that it survived long after women were admitted as full students to St Andrews in 1892 Ms JexBlake went on to help establish the London School of Medicine for Women in 1874 She was accepted by the University of Berne where she was awarded a medical degree in January 1877 Eventually she moved back to Edinburgh and opened her own practice 59 Sophia wrote a letter to St Andrews University because she wanted A to carry out a research project there B to set up a medical institute there C to study medicine there D to deliver lectures there 60 Lis Smith found Sophia s letter to St Andrews University A by pure chance B in the school office C with her supporters help D while reading history books 61 Sophia s letter resulted in the establishment of A the London School of Medicine for Women B a degree programme for women C a system of medical education D the University of Berne 62 When did St Andrews University begin to take fulltime women students A In 1873 B In 1874 C In 1877 D In 1892 2018 福建卷 The schools that I visit in Nottingham are full of experienced staff committed to giving our children a caring and inspiring learning environment The number of children receiving free school meals is quite large in Nottingham and many schools have breakfast clubs to make sure that children get a healthy start to the day Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support Schools also have an important role in safeguarding children s welfare through the ongoing touch and support with their pupils During the long summer holidays much of this is missed While teachers are holidaying in the UK many of their pupils spend the whole six weeks on the street where they live The lack of free school meals for six weeks can result in pressure on a family budget and an inability to afford the inspiring experiences that help children to continue their learning In setting out its plans for a fiveterm year Nottingham City Council 委员会 is seeking to reduce the summer holiday down to four and a half weeks with a more balanced five terms of roughly eight weeks each followed by a twoweek break We believe this will give real down time for school staff and pupils alike but will be short enough not to cause a real break in learning We acknowledge that this change may be difficult for some school staff particularly whose own children are educated in other authorities However this must be weighed against the benefits for city children for whom we all have the greatest duty of care 71 The passage is probably written by A an experienced teacher B a working parent C an inspired student D a city council member 72 The underlined word they in the second paragraph refers to A environments B holidays C wages D benefits 73 It is suggested in the passage that the summer break be reduced to A 2 weeks B 4 5 weeks C 5 weeks D 6 weeks 74 The plans for a shorter summer holiday will help students A obtain the cheapest holidays without additional costs B get a chance to spend six weeks a term with teachers in school C benefit more from the caring and inspiring learning environment D have more school days to receive free school meals 75 It can be inferred from the passage that A working parents can enjoy a fiveweek break to care for their children B the suggested plans for a fiveterm school year can hardly be carried out C the long summer holiday gives teachers and students real down time D some school staff will say No to the plans for a shorter summer holiday Once students recognize that conflict is unavoidable they can practice the golden rule of conflict resolution 解决 stay calm Once the student feels calmer he or she should choose words that will calm the other person down as well Rude words namecalling and accusations only add fuel to the emotional fire On the other hand soft words spoken at a normal sound level can put out the fire before it explodes out of control After both sides have calmed down they can use another key strategy 策略 for conflict resolution listening Listening allows the two sides to understand each other One person should describe his or her side and the other person should listen without interrupting Afterward the listener can ask nonthreatening questions to clarify the speaker s position Then the two people should change roles Finally students need to consider what they are bearing This doesn t mean trying to figure out what s wrong with the other person It means understanding what the real issue is and what both sides are trying to accomplish For example a shouting match over a peanut butter sandwich might happen because one person thinks the other person is unwilling to try new things Students need to ask themselves questions such as these How did this start What do I really want What am I afraid of As the issue becomes clearer the conflict often simply becomes smaller Even if it doesn t careful thought helps both sides figure out a mutual solution There will always be conflict in schools but that doesn t mean there needs to be violence After students in Atlanta started a conflict resolution program according to Educators for Social Responsibility 64 percent of the teachers reported less physical violence in the classroom 75 percent of the teachers reported an increase in student cooperation and 92 percent of the students felt better about themselves Learning to resolve conflicts can help students deal with friends teachers parents bosses and coworkers In that way conflict resolution is a basic life skill that should be taught in schools across the country 50 This article is mainly about A the lives of school children B the cause of arguments in schools C how to analyze youth violence D how to deal with school conflicts 51 From Paragraph 2 we can learn that A violence is more likely to occur at lunchtime B a small conflict can lead to violence C students tend to lose their temper easily D the eating habit of a student is often the cause of a fight 52 Why do students need to ask themselves the questions stated in Paragraph 5 A To find out who is to blame B To get ready to try new things C To make clear what the real issue is D To figure out how to stop the shouting match 53 After the conflict resolution program was started in Atlanta it was found that A there was a decrease in classroom violence B there was less student cooperation in the classroom C more teachers felt better about themselves in schools D the teacherstudent relationship greatly improved 54 The writer s purpose for writing this article is to A complain about problems in school education B teach students different strategies for school life C advocate teaching conflict management in schools D inform teachers of the latest studies on school violence 阅读以下短文 从每题所给的 A B C D 四个选项中 选出最正确选项 2018 天津卷 A Bicycle Safety Operation Always ride your bike in a safe controlled manner on campus 校园 Obey rules and regulations Watch out for walkers and other bicyclists and always use your lights in dark conditions Theft Prevention Always securely lock your bicycle to a bicycle rack even if you are only away for a minute Register your bike with the University Department of Public Safety It s fast easy and free Registration permanently records your serial number which is useful in the possible recovery of the bike stolen Equipment Brakes Make sure that they are in good working order and adjusted properly Helmet A necessity make sure your helmet meets current safety standards and fits properly Lights Always have a front headlight visible at least 500 feet in front of the bike A taillight is a good idea Rules of the Road Riding on Campus As a bicycle rider you have a responsibility to ride only on streets and posted bicycle paths Riding on sidewalks or other walkways can lead to a fine The speed limit for bicycles on campus is 15 mph unless otherwise posted Always give the right of way to walkers If you are involved in an accident you are required to offer appropriate aid call the Department of Public Safety and remain at the scene until the officer lets you go Bicycle Parking Only park in areas reserved for bikes Trees handrails hallways and sign posts are not for bicycle parking and parking in such spots can result in a fine If Things Go Wrong If you break the rules you will be fined Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus you could be fined for No bicycle registration 25 Bicycle parking banned 30 Blocking path with bicycle 40 Violation of bicycle equipment requirement 35 36 Registration of your bicycle may help you A find your stolen bicycle B get your serial number C receive free repair services D settle conflicts with walkers 37 According to the passage what bike equipment is a free choice for bicycle riders A Brakes B A helmet C A headlight D A taillight 38 When you ride a bicycle on the campus A ride on posted bicycle paths and sidewalks B cycle at a speed of over 15 mph C put the walkers right of way first D call the police before leaving in case of accident 39 If you lock your bicycle to a tree on the campus you could be fined A 25 B 30 C 35 D 40 40 What is the passage mainly about A A guide for safe bicycling on campus B Directions for bicycle tour on campus C Regulations of bicycle race on campus D Rules for riding motor vehicles on campus 2018 天津卷 B I can t tell you how pleased I am to be here I haven t seen many of you since your graduation but I have followed your careers and enjoyed your victories as well as crying for your tragedies I have a large collection of newspaper photographs of my students Although I haven t appeared in person I have attended your college graduations weddings and even the births of your children in my imagination Ms Yates paused and started crying a bit Then she continued It was my belief that if I pushed you as hard as I could