心血管系统解剖学8.ppt

Angiology脉管系统 山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华 Composition Cardiovascularsystem心血管系统Lymphaticsystem淋巴系统 Thecardiovascularsystem OrganizationHeart心Amusclepumptomaintaintheflowofblood Consistoffourchambers rightandleftatria rightandleftventricles Artery动脉a carrybloodawayfromtheheartVeins静脉v carrybloodbacktotheheartCapillary毛细血管microscopicvessels theareaofexchangebetweenbloodandtissuefluid Bloodcirculation Systemiccirculation体循环leftventricle aortaanditsbranches capillariesofbody superiorandinferiorvenacava rightatriumPulmonarycirculation肺循环rightventricle pulmonarya capillariesoflung pulmonaryv rightatrium Vascularanastomosis血管吻合 Anastomosisbetweena Anastomosisbetweenv Arteriolovenularanastomosis动静脉吻合Collateralvessels侧副管Circulation侧支循环 Rectalvenousplexus TheArteries CharacteristicsSymmetry对称Inthetrunkofthebodyconsistparietalandvisceralbranches壁支和脏支ShortestpossiblecourseRunonflexorsurfacesUsuallydonotpassdirectlythroughmuscles avoidingcompressionTogetherwiththeveinsandnervesinasheathoffasciatoformneurovascularbundle血管神经束 Arteriesofpulmonarycirculation肺循环的动脉 Pulmonarytrunk肺动脉干ArisesfromrightventricleRunsup back andtotheleftBifurcatesinferiortoaorticarchintorightandleftpulmonaryarteries oneforeachlung Arteriesofsystemiccirculation体循环的动脉 Aorta主动脉Ascendingaorta升主动脉Aorticarch主动脉弓Brachiocephalictrunk头臂干rightcommoncarotida 右颈总动脉rightsubclaviana 右锁骨下动脉Leftcommoncarotida 左颈总动脉Leftsubclaviana 左锁骨下动脉Descendingaorta降主动脉Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Abdominalaorta腹主动脉 ArteriesofheadandneckCommoncarotida 颈总动脉Externalcarotida 颈外动脉Internalcarotida 颈内动脉Subclaviana 锁骨下动脉 ArteriesofupperlimbAxillarya 腋动脉Brachiala 肱动脉Radiala 桡动脉Ulnara 尺动脉Superficialpalmararch掌浅弓deeppalmararc掌深弓 Thoracicaorta胸主动脉Parietalbranches壁支Ninepairsposteriorintercostalsarteries肋间后动脉Onepairsubcostal肋下动脉Visceralbranches脏支 Abdominalaorta腹主动脉 Visceralbranches脏支PairedbranchesMiddlesuprarenalartery肾上腺中动脉Renalartery肾动脉Testicular ovarian artery睾丸 卵巢 动脉UnpairedbranchesCeliactrunk腹腔干Superiormesenterica 肠系膜上动脉Inferiormesenterica 肠系膜下动脉Parietalbranches ArteriesofpelvisCommoniliaca 髂总动脉Internaliliaca 髂内动脉Externaliliaca 髂外动脉 ArteriesoflowerlimbFemorala 股动脉Popliteala 腘动脉Posteriortibiala 胫后动脉Anteriortibiala 胫前动脉dorsala offoot足背动脉 TheVeins静脉 GeneralfeatureThinwalls largerlumens venousvalves venousplexus venousreteTwosetsSuperficialveinDeepveinsSpecialstructures sinusesofduramater硬脑膜窦diploicveins板障静脉 Venousvalve Diploicveins Sinusesofduramater Superiorvenacavaanditstributaries VeinsofheadandneckInternaljugularveinExternaljugularveinBrachiocephalicvein venousangle VeinsofupperlimbDeepvein havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins cephalicv 头静脉basilicav 贵要静脉mediancubitalv 肘正中静脉 VeinsofthoraxSuperiorvenacava上腔静脉Azygosv 奇静脉Hemiazygosv 半奇静脉accessoryhemiazygosv 副半奇静脉Veinsofvertebralcolumn椎静脉丛 InferiorvenacavasystemVeinsoflowerlimbDeepvein havethesamenamesastheircompanionarteriesSuperficialveins greatsaphenousv 大隐静脉smallsaphenous小隐静脉 VeinsofpelvisInternaliliacv 髂内静脉Externaliliacv 髂外静脉Commoniliacv 髂总静脉 InferiorvenacavaanditstributariesHepaticportalv TheLymphaticSystem Heart Artery Capillaries Vein Cell Tissuefluid Lymphaticcapillary Lymphaticvessel Lymphaticnode Lymphatictrunk Lymphaticduct CompositionLymphaticvesselLymphaticcapillaryLymphaticvessels twosets superficialanddeepLymphatictrunks nineLymphaticducts thoracicduct rightlymphaticduckLymphaticorganLymphaticnodesTonsil spleen thymusLymphatictissue Lymphaticcapillary Lymphaticnode Afferentvessels Afferentvessels ThoracicductRightlymphaticduck Lymphaticvessels Introductionofthenervoussystem 山东大学医学院解剖教研室李振华 TheNervousSystem Divisions Centralnervoussystem CNS 1 Brain 脑 2 Spinalcord 脊髓 Peripheralnervoussystem PNS 1 Cranialn 脑神经12pairs 2 Spinaln 脊神经31pairs 3 Visceraln 内脏神经 Visceralsensoryn Visceralmotorn Sympatheticpart 交感神经 Parasympatheticpart 副交感神经 TheCranialNerves脑神经 Olfactorynerve嗅神经 Opticnerve视神经 Oculomotornerve动眼神经 Trochlearnerve滑车神经 Trigeminalnerve三叉神经 Abducentnerve展神经 Facialnerve面神经 Vestibulocochlearnerve前庭蜗神经 Glossopharyngealnerve舌咽神经 Vagusnerve迷走神经 Accessorynerve副神经 Hypoglossalnerve舌下神经 31pairsspinalnerves 8cervical 12thoracic 5lumbar 5sacral and1coccygealnerve Formation eachspinalnerveisformedbyunionofanteriorandposteriorrootsatintervertebralforamen1 TheanteriorrootContainsmotorfibersforskeletalmuscles ThosefromT1toL2containsympatheticfibers S2toS4alsocontainparasympatheticfibers 2 TheposteriorrootContainssensoryfiberswhosecellbodiesareinthespinalganglion Generaldescription Functionalcomponents1 Somaticefferentnervefibers躯体传出纤维 SE fibersthattransmitmotorimpulsesfromspinalcordtoskeletalmuscles 2 Visceralefferentnervefibers内脏传出纤维 VE fibersthattransmitmotorimpulsesfromspinalcordtosmoothmuscles cardiacmuscleandglands 3 Somaticafferentnervefibers躯体传入纤维 SA fibersthattransmitexteroceptiveandproprioceptiveimpulsesfrombodytospinalcord4 Visceralafferentnervefibers内脏传入纤维 VA fibersthattransmitinteroceptiveimpulsesfromthevisceratospinalcord Branchesofspinalnerves1 Anteriorbranch前支 largest innervatesanterolateralbodywallandlimbs thegreatnerveplexus e g thecervical brachial lumbar andsacral areformedbyanteriorrami2 Posteriorbranch后支 innervatesthebackofthetrunk3 Communicatingbranch交通支 connectthespinalnervetothesympathetictrunk4 Meningealbranch脊膜支 re entersvertebralcanalthroughintervertebralforamentoduramater Cervicalplexus颈丛 Formation formedbyanteriorramiofC1 C4spinalnervesPosition liesinfrontoftheoriginoflevatorscapulaeandscalenusmediusanddeeptothesuperiorpartofthesternocleidomastoid Brachialplexus臂丛 Formation FormedbyanteriorramiofC5 C8andT1spinalnervesPosition Passesthroughthescalenefissuretoposterosuperiorofsubclavianartery thenenterstheaxillatoformthreecords Anteriorbranchesofthoracicnerves Intercostalnerves肋间