虚拟语气导学案学生用.doc

_虚 拟 语 气 基础知识：I. 语气的定义和种类 l、语气：语气是动词的一种形式，它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。2、语气的种类：(1) 陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的，用于 、 和某些感叹句 。We are not ready. What are you going to do this weekend? What a fine day it is! (2) 语气: 表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。 Open the door, please。 (3) 虚拟语气: 表示动作或状态 ，而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等。 If I were you, I should study English. May you succeed! II. 虚拟语气在条件从句中的用法条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句，一类是虚拟条件句。如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是 。在这种 中的谓语用 语气。If it doesnt rain tomorrow, we will go to the park. 如果明天不下雨，我们就去公园。如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是 。在这种 中的谓语用 语气。If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 如果他昨天见到你，他会问你这件事的。(事实上他昨天没见到你，因此也未能问你这件事。) . 非真实条件句中虚拟语气的三种情况：课堂探究：虚拟语气在IF条件句的运用Appreciate Grey wolfs poemIf I hadnt met you, I wouldnt have realized the sense of my life. If I knew your telephone number, I should call you now . If you were at my side now, I would leave all sorrows behind. May in the future Only you share joys and sorrows with me. Only you stay with me on the sad days. Only you hug me on a dark night. If you married /should marry me one day, I would make you the happiest wolf in the world. If I were to set a time limit for this love, it would be 10,000 years. 以上句子中，虚拟条件句中动词的正确使用为： (填出句子序号) if 从句的谓语形式：If sb 主句 的谓语形式sb1.表示与过去事实相反,如句_would (should, could, might)_2.与现在事实相反，如句_would (should, could, might)_3.表示与将来事实相反，如句_would (should, could, might)_提示：虚拟语气记忆窍门-后退一步法 第一步：确定是虚拟语气后，判断该句与哪一事实（过去/现在/将来）相反； 第二步：按后退一步法处理 if 从句谓语动词的时态。 即：与_事实相反，从句中用过去完成时形式表示。与_事实相反，从句中用一般过去时形式表示。与_ 事实相反，从句中用过去时/过去将来时形式表示。 Practice 1: Red wolf: If you_(catch) some sheep yesterday, I _(not hit) you with the pan. If I _(eat) mutton now, I _(be)so happy. If I _(be) you, I _ (think) hard to find a perfect method. If you _(not catch) any sheep tomorrow, you _(not return) home. Practice 2:(1) If everyone in the country first aid, many lives . 如果每个国民都懂得急救, 许多生命就会得以挽救。 (2)If I you, I it like that. 如果我是你的话,我就不会这样做。(3)If the hurricane during the day-time, there more deaths.如果飓风发生在白天,死亡人数会更多. (事实是: 飓风发生在午夜到早晨6点) (4If we that she was to arrive yesterday, we her at the station.如果我们知道她昨天到,就可以到车站接她了. (事实是:我们不知道她昨天到,所以我们没能到车站去接她)(5) If it tomorrow, our plan . 假如明天下雨, 我们的计划就得推迟. (最近天气很好.) (6) If he me, he me. 假如他看见我，就会告诉我. (7) If he come, what we to him? 假如他来了，我们对他说什么呢? 注意：1. If省略句：如果条件状语从句的谓语动词包含were、had、should等时，有时可省略if，将were、had、should等放在条件状语从句的的主语之前。eg: (1) If I were at school again, I would study harder. Were I at school again, I would study harder. (2) If you had come earlier, you would have caught the bus. _, you would have caught the bus. (3) If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. _ , we would not go climbing. (4) If it were not for the expense, I would go abroad now. _, I would go abroad now.2. 若省略的条件句中谓语动词是否定形式，则不能用动词的缩略形式。要不是因为这笔费用，我现在就出国。 , I would go abroad now. , I would go abroad now.3. 我们可以用otherwise、or和以with、without或but for开头的短语代替if从句来表示隐含的虚拟语气。eg: (1) Im too busy now, otherwise /or I would help you do the work. Im too busy now, if l had time now, I would help you do the work.(2) With more money, I could help more people in need. _, I could help more people in need.(3) Without UN Goodwill Ambassadors, people working on the projects would not be encouraged. _, people working on the projects would not be encouraged.(4) But for the help from the UN, those women would not have been able to set up their shop. _, those women would not have been able to set up their shop.4. 根据主从句所说明的时间概念，虚拟条件句又可以分为单一虚拟条件句和混合虚拟条件句。(1)单一虚拟条件句：指主句和从句与同一时间的事实相反的虚拟条件句. If it should rain tomorrow, the race would be put off. 如果明天下雨，比赛将推迟. ( 主从句与 相反)If you had been more careful, you would have passed.如果你再仔细些，你就会通过的. ( 主从句与 相反) If it were not for the leaning tower, the city of Pisa wouldnt be so famous. 如果没有斜塔的话，比萨城也不会这么有名. ( 主从句与 相反) (2) 混合虚拟条件句：很多情况下, 从句和主句并不与同一时间的事实相反. If you my advice, your English much better. 如果当时你听了我的话，现在你的英语就会好多了.( 从句与 相反，主句与 相反)If he a kind-hearted man, he such a man as you that day.如果不是他这人很好心的话，那天他决不会帮助一个像你这样的人的. ( 从句是与 相反的假设，主句表示与 相反的假设.) If it for you, I make another trip there tomorrow.如果不是你的话，我明天还要再走一趟. ( 从句与 相反，主句与 相反.) IV、虚拟语气用于宾语从句中 did （be用were） （与现在事实相反）wish + 宾语从句的谓语动词用 had done （与过去事实相反） would /could /should /might do （与将来事实相反）eg: (1) I wish that there _(be) no wars in the world. (2) I wish I _(meet) that film star yesterday. (3) We wish Mr Smith _(attend) the meeting tomorrow. (4) How I wish you _(not give) him my telephone number, but you did. 用于表示建议、要求、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见动词有：demand、require、 insist、suggest、advise、propose、order等，从句中谓语动词用：should + do，should可以省略。eg: (1) *He suggested that we _(start) off early the next day. (2) The situation required that everyone _ _(be) present. (3) *They insist that the boy _(go) with them. (4) The doctor ordered that the patient _(send) to hospital without delay.注意：(5) *The smile on his face suggested that he _(be) satisfied with our work. (6) *The man insisted that he _ never _(steal) the money. did （be用were） （与现在或将来事实相反） would rather + 宾语从句谓语动词用 had done （与过去事实相反）eg: (1) I would rather they _(leave) here right now. (2) I would rather you _(not tell) me about it last week. (3) Id rather you _(come) next week.V、虚拟语气用于主语从句中虚拟语气可以用于句型It is desired/ suggested/ proposed/ necessary/ important/ strange/ natural/ a pity + that 主语从句，从句中谓语动词用should + do, should可以省略。eg: (1) It is suggested that the meeting _(put) off till next week. (2) It is important that we_ (make) good preparations for the ceremony.VI、虚拟语气用于表语和同位语从句中在suggestion、proposal、advice、order、requirement、request、demand、idea等名词后的表语和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，从句中谓语动词用should + do, should可以省略。eg: (1) We all agreed to his suggestion that we _(go) to Dalian for sightseeing. (2) The teacher gave the demand that we _(finish) the project within this week. (3) My idea is that we _(think) it over before accepting it.VII、虚拟语气用于定语从句中 （到了该做某事的时候）虚拟语气用于句型 It is (about/ high) time + that 定语从句，从句中谓语动词用did 或should + do (should不能省略)。eg: (1) It is (about) time that you _ _(go) to school. (2) It is (high) time that the government _(take) effective measures to protect the environment.VIII、虚拟语气用于as if / as though/ even if /even though等引导的表语从句或状语从句中 did（be用were） （与现在事实相反）从句谓语动词用 had done （与过去事实相反） would do （与将来事实相反）eg: (1) He looks as if _(be) an artist. (2) She speaks English so fluently as if she _(study) English in American. (3) Even if he _(be), he could not solve the problem.IX、虚拟语气用于if only 引导的感叹句中 （要是 . 就好了，但愿 .） did（be用were） （与现在事实相反）If only + 感叹句中谓语动词用 had done （与过去事实相反）eg: (1) If only I _(be) a flying bird! (2) If only I _(see) the film!X、在含有If it were not for 或If it had not been for 条件句的虚拟语气中。 If it were not for，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might + do If it had not been for，主句谓语动词用would/should/could/might + have doneeg: (1) If it were not for the rain, the crops _(die). (2) If it had not been for the captain, the ship _(sink).当堂检测：Ex1：Fill in the blanks with the verbs given in the brackets in their proper forms.1. You didnt let me drive. If we (drive) in turn, you (not get) so tired. 2. it (not be) for your help, I couldnt have made any progress.3. Has Mr. Smith recovered now? Yes. Who (think) that such a serious illness could be cured? 4. it (rain) tomorrow, the match would be called off. 5. Most of the students felt rather disappointed at the English party. They said that it (organized) better.6. Jean doesnt want to work right away because she thinks that if she (get) a job, she probably wouldnt be able to see her friends very often. 7. Much labor would have been saved if electronic computer (invent) before.8. Well done, Jack！Thanks. But given more time, I (do) it better. 9. He _ but for his teachers timely advice. (fail)10. We _ the work better in that case. (do)Ex2：Choose the right answer. 1. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 2. _ for the free tickets, I wouldnt have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not 3. I supported him in time, otherwise he _ off the bike. A. might fall B. would fall C. should have fallen D. would have fallen 4. Without liberation we _ a new life. A. would not begin B. did not begin C. had not begun D. would not have begun 5. If only grandmother _ this together with us now. A. will see B. could see C. must see D. should see 6. Henry would rather his mother _ in the school where he is studying. A. not work B. not worked C. didnt work D. not working 7. Is it necessary that he _ the examination before he asks for a leave? A. takes B. has to take C. must takeD. take 8. It is urged that no smoking _ in the library and other smoke-free zones on the campus. A. should allow B. be allowed C. will be allowed D. is allowed 9. It is strange that he _ you this. A. would tell B. should tell C. had told D. has told 10. My suggestion is that a few more people _ there to help me. A. be sent B. have sent C. sent D. should sent 11. We felt as if we _ each other for years when we first met each other. A. knew B. were knowing C. had known D. have known 12. Janes pale face suggested that she _ ill, and her parents suggested that she