时间状语从句用法.doc

_概念：在复合句中，由时间连接词引导的状语从句叫做时间状语从句。(在复合句中，要注意主句和从句的时态大多都要保持一致。） 1.由when, while, ,just ,just as, as，after, before, since, until, as soon as,引导的时间状语从句。例如： When you think you know nothing, then you begin to know something.当你以为自己一无所知的时候，你就是在开始知道一些事物了。 When truth is buried under the ground ，it grows, it chokes, it gathers such an explosive force that on the day it bursts out , it blows up everything with it.当真理被埋在地下的时候，它在生长，它感到压抑，它蓄存着这么一种爆炸性力量，一旦冒出，它就会炸破一切！ Strike while the iron is hot. 趁热打铁。 You can feel the air moving as your hand pushes through it. 当你的手在空气中挥动的时候，你就能感觉到空气在流动。 Our headmaster laughed as she spoke. 我们的校长边谈边笑。 主要时态：主现从不现；主过从四过；主将从现。 when, while和as的区别 when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词；动作既可以和主句的动作同时发生，又可以在主句的动作前后发生。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。例如：When she came in, I stopped eating.她进来时，我停止吃饭。(瞬时动词) When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.当我住在农村时，我常常为他担水。（延续性的动词） We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。 While引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的，并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生（或者相对应）。并且while有时还可以表示对比。例如： While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (was reading是延续性的动词，was reading和was watching同时发生) 。 I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。（对比） As表示“一边一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生；as也可以强调“一先一后。例如： We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。（as表示“一边一边”） As we were going out, it began to snow.当我们出门时，开始下雪了。（as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生，而不强调开始下雪的特定时间） 2.由before和after引导的时间状语从句。注意before引导的从句不再用否定式的谓语，并且当before引导的从句位于主句之后，有时译成“就，才”。还要注意主句和从句之间的时间关系。当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的主句谓语用的是过去完成时，则从句动词多用一般过去时，这样以便体现动作发生的先后。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和 从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。例如： It will be four days before they come back. 他们要过四天才能回来。 Einstein almost knocked me down before he saw me.爱因斯坦几乎把我撞倒才看到我。 My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。 They had not been married four months before they were divorced. 他们结婚还不到四个月就离婚了。 After you think it over, please let me know what you decide.你仔细考虑过以后，告诉我你是怎样决定的。 After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。（从句用过去完成时，主句用一般过去时） 3.由till或until引导的时间状语从句。till和until一般情况下两者可以互换，但是在强调句型中多用until。并且要注意的是：如果主句中的谓语动词是瞬时动词时，必须用否定形式；如果主句中的谓语动词是延续性动词时，用肯定或否定形式都可以，但表达的意思不同。till不可以用在句首，而until可以放在句首。例如： I didnt go to bed until（till） my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。 It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English .直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。 I worked until he came back.我工作到他回来为止。 I didnt work until he came back.他回来我这才开始工作。 Please wait until I arrived.在我到达之前请等我。 4.由since引导的时间状语从句。 since引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。一般情况下，从句谓语动词用一般过去时，而主句的谓语动词用现在完成时。但在It is +时间+since从句的句型中，主句多用一般过去式。例如： I have been in Beijing since you left. 自从你离开以来，我一直在北京了。 Where have you been since I last saw you? 自上次我和你见面以后，你到哪里去了？ It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。 It is five months since our boss was in Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。 5.由as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。这些连词都表示“一就”。例如： I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。 The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。 As soon as I reach Canada, I will ring you up. 我一到加拿大，就给你来电话。 注意：hardly(scarcely, rarely)when / before, no soonerthan相当于as soon as之意。主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时， 主句应用倒装语序。例如： He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。 No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。 Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。 He had hardly fallen asleep when he felt a soft touch on his shoulder.这个阿拉伯人刚要入睡就感到肩膀上被轻轻一触。 6.由by the time引导的时间状语从句。注意时态的变化：在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果从句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。例如： By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。 By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。 7.由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。例如： Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我 Whenever that man says“To tell the truth”, I suspect that hes about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。 You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。 8.由as long as和so long as引导的时间状语从句。这两个连词表示“只要“例如： You can go where you like as long as you get back before dark. 你可以随意到哪里去，只要在天黑以前回来就行。 I will fight against these conditions as long as there is a breath in my body! 只要我一息尚存，我就要反对这种境况。 这是一般现在，一般过去，现在进行，过去进行，现在完成，过去完成，现在完成进行，一般将来，过去将来时的时间状语: 1.Often,usually-动词原型do,does,am,is, are 2.yesterday,last Sunday,in the past-动词过去式did,was,were 3.now-be+doing 4.while,at that time,-was doing,were doing 5.since从句,for 2 days,-have done,have been +过去的某个时间点-had done,had been 7.与现在完成相似-have been+持续动词ing形式 8.一切表示将来的时间状语，in+一段时间-将来要发生的一般性动作, will,shall+原型 9.与一般将来时相似-would+原型 1. when、 as、 while引导的时间状语从句分析：(1) when引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， when既可以指时间段也可指时间点， 从句中既可用延续性动词又可用非延续性动词， 且动作既可和主句的动作同时发生又可在主句的动作之前或之后发生， 注意体会如下例句： Ill call you when I get there. 我一到那里就给你打电话。/ When the wind blows, all the doors rattle. 只要风一吹， 这门就吱嘎作响。/ He stopped trying, when he might have succeeded next time. 他不再试了， 其实他可能下一次就成功。/ When I came home my wife was cooking dinner. 我回家时， 妻子在做晚饭。如果when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同， 而从句的谓语又是be动词时， 那么从句中的主语和be可以省略； 当when引导的时间状语从句的主语与主句主语相同时， 往往还可以用“when分词”的形式替代该状语从句。例如： When (you are) in trouble, ask her for help. 当你遭遇麻烦的时候去向她求助。/ When I came into the room(=When coming into the room), I found him lying there asleep. 当我进入房间的时候， 我发现他躺在那儿睡着了。(2) while引导时间状语从句时表示“当的时候”， 它强调主句的动作与从句的动作同时持续地进行， 用于这一用法时while引导的时间状语从句和主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词， 或者主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中， 主句中的谓语动词通常是非延续性动词， 例如： Study while you study; play while you play. 该学习的时候就学习， 该玩的时候就玩。/ I met her while I was at school. 当我在学校的时候我遇见了她。(3) as引导时间状语从句时表示“当时， 一边一边”， 侧重表示两个动作同时发生(包括一个主语同时进行两个动作)， 或者一种动作随着另一种动作的变化而变化。例如： He jumps as he goes along. 他边走边跳。/ I slipped on the ice as I ran home. 我跑回家时在冰上滑了一跤。/ I saw him as he was getting off the bus. 正当他下公共汽车时, 我看见了他。/ As the wind rose the noise increased. 刮风的时候噪声增大。在下列各句的空格中填入适当的连词： 1. _ he comes tomorrow, I shall ask where he has been. 2. _ he was speaking, everybody listened carefully. 3. I saw her just _ she was getting off the train. 4. Have a good look at that man _ you pass him. 5. It was already eight oclock _ we got there. 6. I was about to go out _ a visitor came. 7. Well go to the country at the beginning of June, _ the summer harvest will start. 8. He learned to speak German _ he was in Berlin. 9. Henry is in charge of the office _ Mr. Smith is away. 10. I listen to the recorder _ I have time. 11. He had learned Chinese _ he came to China. 12. _ the work was done, we sat down to sum up experience. 13. I havent seen him _ he moved to the other side of the town. 14. I waited _ he came back. 15. It was not _ he took off his eyeglasses that I recognized him. 16. She likes everything to be in place _ she starts to work. 17. The thieves ran away _ they caught sight of the police. 18. They decided to go back home _ their money ran out. 19. We played outside till sunset, _ it began to rain. 考题4 Im going to the post office. _ youre there, can you get me some stamps? (1999)A. As B. While C. Because D. If答案 B解析 主句中“get me some stamps”的动作发生在时间状语从句“youre there”的过程之中， 因此应选while表示这一时间关系(属于while引导时间状语从句的两大基本用法之一)。注意： as有时也可用于表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的过程中， 但这一用法不是as引导时间状语从句的主要用法， 表示主句的动作发生在从句动作的进行过程中时用while更为常见， 因此B选项是最佳选项。考题5 _ the days went on, the weather got worse. (1990)A. With B. Since C. While D. As答案 D解析 表示“the days went on”、 “the weather got worse”两个相互伴随地进行变化的动作， 应选as表示这一时间关系(while不适合用于这样的语境)。考题6 Tom _ into the house when no one _. (1992)A. slipped; was looking B. had slipped; lookedC. slipped; had looked D. was slipping; looked答案 A解析 题干当中的when表示“当的时候”， slip表示“偷偷地、 悄悄地移动”， 在本题中表示非延续性的动作“溜进了教室”的结果， 不适合用进行时态表示。第一个下划线处应填入slipped， 以一般过去时客观描述在过去某一时间上发生的动作； look表示延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 所以第二个下划线处应填入was looking， 以过去进行时描述汤姆溜进教室的大背景。注意： 如果主句的动作发生于表示“当时”的时间状语从句中的动作的进行过程中， 从句常用进行时。例如： The landlady suspected that someone must have broken into the house when/while/as she was watching TV show. 女房东怀疑在她看电视时曾有人闯入屋里。/ When/While/As Tom was reading, Jim was arrested. 在汤姆看书的时候， 吉姆被逮捕了。 考题7 I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident _. (2006安徽)A. went; was occurring B. went; occurredC. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred答案 C解析 根据题干句子含义， 事故发生于当我沿街行驶、 寻找停车之处的时候； 从句的动作发生在主句动作的过程中。主句的谓语动词go表示非延续性的动作， 可以持续进行， 应选用过去进行时的形式， 从句的谓语动词为非延续性动词， 应以一般过去时的形式表结果。2. before和after 引导的时间状语从句分析： before引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之前， after引导时间状语从句时表示主句的动作发生在从句动作之后。例如： See me before you leave. 在你离开之前来见我。/ Before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. 在驾驶公共汽车之前， 他们必须通过专门测验。/ I saw them after I arrived. 在我抵达之后， 我见到了他们。/ I found his pen after he has left. 在他走后， 我找到了他的笔。考题8 He was told that it would be at least three more months _ he could recover and return to work. (2007江西)A. when B. before C. since D. that答案 B解析 表示“他康复并返回工作岗位之前至少还需要三个月”， 下划线处应选用before。考题9 It was some time _ we realized the truth. (2005山东)A. when B. until C. since D. before答案 D解析 题干意为： 过了一段时间我们才意识到真相。下划线处应填入表示“在之前”的连词。考题10 How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spaceship to the moon? Perhaps two or three years. (2006福建)A. when B. until C. that D. before答案 D解析 下划线处所在的宾语从句采用一般将来时， 题干中第一句话问将来某一活动之前的时间， before最为适合。考题11 Why didnt you tell him about the meeting? He rushed out of the room _ I could say a word. (2006四川)A. before B. until C. when D. after答案 A解析 根据题干中第一句话的提示， 第二句话中的“he rushed out of the room”发生于“I could say a word”之前。3. till和 until 引导的时间状语从句分析： till和 until这两个词作连词和介词时的意义和用法相同， 一般可以换用(放在句首时通常用until的形式， till在口语中更为常见)。till和 until引导时间状语从句时跟主句里肯定形式或否定形式的、 表示延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“到为止”， 跟主句里否定形式的、 表示非延续性动作的谓语动词连用表示“直到才(开始)”， 例如： Walk till you come to a white house. 一直走到一座白房子为止。/ We didnt discuss the problem until he came back. 我们一直等到他回来后才讨论问题。考题12 It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _ weve actually had that lesson. (2007天津)A. until B. after C. since D. when答案 A解析 题干的句子可以直译为： “在我们一生中， 学到某个教训是困难的， 直到我们真正经历了这个教训为止。”考题13 A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners curiosity _ he reaches the end of the story. (2003上海)A. when B. unless C. after D. until答案 D解析 讲故事的人应该始终抓住听众的好奇心， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until 表示这一时间关系。考题14 I dont really work here; I _ until the new secretary arrives. (1994)A. just help out B. have just helped outC. am just helping out D. will just help out答案 C解析 “I dont really work here”表明说话人只是临时前来帮忙， “until the new secretary arrives”表明说话人， 工作到新秘书就任为止， 本题应选用表示“到为止”(跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用)的until表示这一时间关系。考题15 They _ the train until it disappeared in the distance. (1998)A. saw B. watched C. noticed D. observed答案 B解析 题干中的主句为肯定句， until需要跟主句里肯定形式的表延续性动作的谓语动词连用， 因此本题应选表示延续性动作的watched(其他选项中的saw， noticed， observed所表示的动作都不能延续， 意味着结果)。考题16 Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?Yes. He had never praised him _ he became one of the top students in his grade. (2003北京春)A.after B.unless C.until D.when答案 C解析 until跟主句里否定形式的、 表非延续性动作的谓语动词连用时， 表示“直到才(开始)”， 本题应选until与主句中的“never praised”对应， 表示“他的父亲直到他成为年级里的尖子生之一时才开始称赞他”。考题17 “You cant have this football back _ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly. (2006广东)A. because B. since C. when D. until答案 D解析 题干中的直接引语较为复杂， 根据“promise”的提示， 该直接引语应表示一种假设， 意为： 你将不能拿回这足球， 直到你承诺不再把它踢向我的猫。4. since引导的时间状语从句分析： since引导的时间状语从句表示“自从以来”， 其用法主要有两种： (1) 现在完成时的主句since引导的一般过去时态的时间状语从句。例如： He hasnt been home since he graduated. 他毕业后没回过家。