瞬间动词与延续动词(新).doc

。延续性动词与非延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。一.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作,如：learn, work, stand, lie, know, walk, keep, have, wait, watch, sing, read, sleep, live, stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。表示时间段的短语有:1.for+一段时间, eg: for 2 years; for a long time等2.since从句,since he came here; 3.since+时间点+ago,eg：since last year, since 5 days ago;4. how long; 二.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词,表示不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束。 如:open, die, close, begin, finish, come, go, move, borrow, lend, buy等。如果要与for+ 时间段，since+年份，since+时间段+ago，how long连用时，瞬间性动词要变延续性动词。三.延续性动词与非延续性动词之间的转换：非延续性动词延续性动词leave be away(from)borrowkeepbuyhavebegin/startbe ondiebe deadfinishbe overjoinbe in+组织机构;be a member of+组织机构open sth.keep sth. opencome herebe herego therebe therebecomebecome backbe backcome to/get to/ arrive(in/at)/reach/move tobe (in)/stay(in/at)go (get) outbe output onwearfall illbe illget upbe upcatch a coldhave a coldfall asleepbe asleepget to knowknowwake upbe upclosebe closed例：（1）他死了三年了。 误：He has died for three years. 正：He has been dead for three years. 正：He died three years ago. 正：It is three years since he died. 正：Three years has passed since he died. (2) 他来这儿五天了。 误：He has come here for five days. 正：He has been here for five days. 正：He came here five days ago. 正：It is five days since he came here. 正：Five days has passed since he came here. (1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示段时间的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法： (1) 将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词, 如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式.(2)将句中表示段时间的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。 (3)用句型It is+段时间+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。 (4)用句型时间+has passed+since.表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。四、终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如:1.He hasnt left here since 1986. 2.I havent heard from my father for two weeks. 五、终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成not+终止性动词+until/till .的句型，意为直到才。如：1. You cant leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。 2. I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。 六、终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是点时间(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是段时间(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：1. When we reached London, it was twelve oclock. (reach为终止性动词) 2. Please look after my daughter while/when we are away. (be away为延续性动词短语) 七、终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如:误：How long have you come here? 正：How long have you been here? 正：When did you come here? 补充练习： 1.When he arrived at the bus stop, the bus _ for 20 minutes. A. has left B. had left C. has been away D. had been away2. I _ the League for 5 years so far. A. joined B. have joined C. have been in3.The factory _since the February of 1988. A . has been open B. has opened C. was open D. opened 4. Mary and Rose _friends since they met in 2000. A. have made B. have been C. made D. have become5.You mustnt _until he comes back. A. be away B. leave C. be left6.The meeting _ for a week now. A. has finished B. has ended C. has been over7.Miss Gao _ this school for nearly 5 years. A. has been in B. has come to C. has taught8.Ben _ a teacher for 4 years . A. has been B. has become C. was D. became9. I _ home for a week. A. have returned B. have been back C. returned10. How long _ he _ ? A. died B. has, died C. has, been dead11.He_at eight yesterday afternoon.A. slept B. was sleeping C. has sleep D. had slept12.He _ the car for a week. A. bought B. has bought C. has had 13.-How long _ you _ ill ? -Two weeks. A. did fall B. have, fell C. have, been14.Since 2000, he _ his hometown. A. has left B. has moved away C. has been away from15.Ill lend you the book , but you can only _ it for 2 days. A. borrow B. keep C. take16.The bus _ on the road for 2 hours so far. A. has stopped B. stopped C. has been17.Are you _ the jacket these days? A. wearing B. putting on C. dressing D. on18. He _ foe 2 hours. A. got up B. has got up C. has been up19. Tom is ill in hospital. He _ a cold for several days. A. is B. catches C. has caught D. has ha