西安旅游景点中英介绍.doc

_西安钟鼓楼介绍The Bell Tower Drum Tower and the City Well in XianGood morning Ladies and Gentlemen:Today we will have three places to visitthe Bell Tower the Drum Tower and the City Well. First we come to the Bell Tower. The Bell Tower, a classical building with carved beams and painted rafters, has been served as the symbol of Xian. It stands in the center of the downtown area where the north street, the south street, the west street and the east street meet. And the tower house a huge bell which in ancient times was use to strike the time every morning. This is how the tower got its name. now it is an important historical monument in shaanxi Province. The Bell tower was first built in Ying Xiang temple in 1384 during the Ming dynasty. It was moved to its present site in 1582 as a result of the citys expansion program. Ladies and gentlemen, There is a story about the Bell Tower. Its said that the first emperor of Ming dynasty , Zhu yuanzhang , he was born in a poor family. Both his parent died when he was young, and he had to live a hard life. Later, he went to a temple to become a monk. When he ascended the throne, he was afraid of being deposed by someone of “real dragon”. Therefore, he gave orders to build bell tower all over the county to repress the “dragon spirits”. Xian has been the imperial capital city since ancient times. So the “dragon spirits ” must be very strong here. Thats why the bell tower in Xian was not only built earlier, but also bigger than the other ones in the country. The base of the tower is 1,337.4 square meters in size, 8.6 meters high and 35.5 meters wide. It was laid with blue bricks all over. The whole building is 36 meters above ground. It is a brick-and wood structure. The eaves are supported by colored “dou gong” a traditional structural system in which brackets are used to join columns and crossbeams, the use of dou gong made the whole building firm and beautiful. Well, next we will visit the Drum Tower nearly. The Drum Tower stands 500 meters to the northwest of the Bell Tower. It was built in 1380. There used to be a huge drum in the tower, which told the time at dark, and that is how the tower got its present name. Besides marking the time, the drum was also used to give warnings to people in times of war. The base of The Drum Tower is 1,924 square meters in size, and 34 meters in height. It was built with blue bricks. The Drum Tower has a rectangular shape and shows tier and the outside eaves are decorated with networks of wood arches. At last, we will visit the famous city wall of Xian. The most complete and the best preserved city wall in china. The city wall of Xian is an extension of the prior Tang dynasty structure. It was stared in 1370 and finished in 1378 and has a rectangular shaped construction. It is over 4 kilometers from the east to west and about 3 kilometers from the north to south. And the total length is 13.7 kilometers. It stands 12 meters high, 12-14 meters wide across the top and 15-18 meters thick at the button. On the top of the city wall, there is a rampart every 120 meters, which extends out from the main wall. The top of the rampart is at the same level as the top of the wall. The ramparts were built to allow soldiers to see those enemies who would try to climb up the wall. The distance between every two ramparts is just within the range of arrow shot from either side. This allowed soldiers to protect the entire wall without exposing themselves to the enemy. There are altogether 98 of them on the city wall and each has a sentry building on top of it. There are four main gates of the city wall-one on each side-named the east gate, the west gate, south gate and north gate. The four gates of the city wall were the only way to go into and out of town. In Xian, each of the four gates consists of three gate towers. The main gate tower is called ZhengLou which is located on top of the main part of the city wall. It is the inner one and is also the main entrance to the city. Zha lou is the gate tower which a suspension bridge and located outside of the city wall. Its used to lift and lower the suspension bridge. Jian lou is the arrow tower and located in between the Zhenglou and Zhaloutowers. There are square windows in the front and on the two sides to shoot arrows. Jianlou and Zhenglou are connected by walls and the encircled area is called Wongcheng in which soldiers could be stationed. From Wongcheng, there are also horse passages leading to the top of the wall. There are altogether eleven horse passages around the city. A watch tower is located on each of the four corners of the wall. The one at the southwestern corner is round, probably after the model of the imperial city wall of the Tang dynasty. But the other three are square and are higher and larger than the sentry building on the ramparts. This shows the strategic importance of the corners of the city wall. All right, we have finished visiting the famous city wall of Xian. Thank you.大雁塔As the symbol of the old-line Xian, Big Wild Goose Pagoda is a well-preserved ancient building and a holy place for Buddhists. It is located in the southern suburb of Xian City, about 4 kilometers (2.49 miles) from the downtown of the city. Standing in the Da Cien Temple complex, it attracts numerous visitors for its fame in the Buddhist religion, its simple but appealing style of construction, and its new square in front of the temple. It is rated as a National Key Cultural Relic Preserve as well as an AAAA Tourist Attraction.This attraction can be divided into three parts: the Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the Da Cien Temple, and the North Square of Big Wild Goose Pagoda.Big Wild Goose PagodaOriginally built in 652 during the reign of Emperor Gaozong of the Tang Dynasty (618-907), it functioned to collect Buddhist materials that were taken from India by the hierarch Xuanzang.Xuanzang started off from Changan (the ancient Xian), along the Silk Road and through deserts, finally arriving in India, the cradle of Buddhism. Enduring 17 years and traversing 100 countries, he obtained Buddha figures, 657 kinds of sutras, and several Buddha relics. Having gotten the permission of Emperor Gaozong (628-683), Xuanzang, as the first abbot of Da Cien Temple, supervised the building of a pagoda inside it. With the support of royalty, he asked 50 hierarchs into the temple to translate Sanskrit in sutras into Chinese, totaling 1,335 volumes, which heralded a new era in the history of translation. Based on the journey to India, he also wrote a book entitled Pilgrimage to the West in the Tang Dynasty, to which scholars attached great importance.First built to a height of 60 meters (197 feet) with five stories, it is now 64.5 meters (211.6 feet) high with an additional two stories. It was said that after that addition came the saying-Saving a life exceeds building a seven-storied pagoda. Externally it looks like a square cone, simple but grand and it is a masterpiece of Buddhist construction. Built of brick, its structure is very firm. Inside the pagoda, stairs twist up so that visitors can climb and overlook the panorama of Xian City from the arch-shaped doors on four sides of each storey. On the walls are engraved fine statues of Buddha by the renowned artist Yan Liben of the Tang Dynasty. Steles by noted calligraphers also grace the pagoda.As for the reason why it is called Big Wild Goose Pagoda, there is a legend. According to ancient stories of Buddhists, there were two branches, for one of which eating meat was not a taboo. One day, they couldnt find meat to buy. Upon seeing a group of big wild geese flying by, a monk said to himself: Today we have no meat. I hope the merciful Bodhisattva will give us some. At that very moment, the leading wild goose broke its wings and fell to the ground. All the monks were startled and believed that Bodhisattva showed his spirit to order them to be more pious. They established a pagoda where the wild goose fell and stopped eating meat. Hence it got the name Big Wild Goose Pagoda.Da Cien TempleDa Cien Temple is the home of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In 648, to commemorate the dead virtuous queen, royalty ordered the building of a temple named Cien (Mercy and Kindness), for which the status and scale far exceeded all others. Today, with an area of 32,314 square meters (38,648.5 square yards), one seventh of the original area, it still retains its grandeur.Before the temple, there stands a statue of hierarch Xuanzang, the meritorious hierarch. Walking on and across a small bridge, visitors will see the gates of the temple. With guarding lions, the temple seems stately for lions were said to function as talismans.Entering the temple you will see two buildings-Bell Tower in the east and Drum Tower in the west. Inside the Bell Tower hangs an iron bell 15 tons (14.76 gross tons) in weight. It was molded in 1548 in the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Along the central axis are arranged the Hall of Mahavira, Sermon Hall, Big Wild Goose Pagoda, and the Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang. In the Hall of Mahavira are three carved statues of Sakyamuni, and 18 arhats as well as Xuanzang. The Sermon Hall is where Buddhist disciples would listen to a sermon. A bronze statue of Amitabha is dedicated and a Buddha statue is collected by Xuanzang as oblation. The Hall of Xuanzang Sanzang is north of Big Wild Goose Pagoda. In this hall are Xuanzangs relic and a bronze statue of a seated Xuanzang. The inner wall is chiseled with murals depicting this hierarchs story. Renowned as the contemporary Dunhuang Buddhist storehouse praised by UNESCO, it is the biggest memorial of Xuanzang.North Square of Big Wild Goose PagodaSurrounding Big Wild Goose Pagoda, the scenery is also quite charming, especially the square north of the Da Cien Temple. Covering about 110,000 square meters (131563 square yards) plus 20,000 square meters (23920.6 square yards) of water area, it holds many records: in Asia, it is the biggest Tang-culture square, the biggest fountain and waterscape square, and the largest-scale sculptures area. In the world, it has the most benches, the longest light-belt, and the largest-scale acoustic complex.The entire square is composed of waterscape fountains, a cultural square, gardens and tourist paths. There you can taste real Chinese culture and traditions and fully enjoy the truly attractive views. With reliefs on the theme of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, 200-meter-long (656-foot-long) sculpture groups, 8 groups of sculpted figures, 40 relievos on the land, and 22 styles of musical fountains, it has become a must-see when you visit Big Wild Goose Pagoda. 大雁塔又名大慈恩寺塔，位于中国陕西省西安市南郊大慈恩寺内。因坐落在慈恩寺西院内，大雁塔原称慈恩寺西院浮屠（浮屠即塔的意思）。是中国唐朝佛教建筑艺术杰作。 大雁塔始建于公元652年（唐高宗永徽三年）。玄奘法师为供奉从印度带回的佛像、舍利和梵文经典，在慈恩寺的西塔院建起一座五层砖塔。在武则天长安年间重建。后来又经过多次修整。大雁塔在唐代就是著名的游览胜地，因而留有大量文人雅士的题记，仅明、清朝时期的题名碑就有二百余通。 大雁塔是楼阁式砖塔，塔通高64.5米，塔身为七层，塔体呈方形锥体，由仿木结构形成开间，由下而上按比例递减，塔内有木梯可盘登而上。每层的四面各有一个拱券门洞，可以凭栏远眺。整个建筑气魄宏大，造型简洁稳重，比例协调适度，格调庄严古朴，是保存比较完好的楼阁式塔。塔内装有楼梯，供人登临，可俯视西安古城。 大雁塔是西安市的标志性建筑和著名古迹，是古城西安的象征。因此,西安市徽中央所绘制的便是这座著名古塔。音乐喷泉简介： 西安大雁塔音乐喷泉广场位于著名的大雁塔脚下，东西宽480米，南北长350米，占地252亩，定大雁塔为南北中心轴。前广场设有山门及柱塔作为雁塔北路与广场轴线之转接点。由水景喷泉、文化广场、园林景观、文化长廊和旅游商贸设施组成,是西安曲江大唐文化主题区域的重要组成部分,与大唐芙蓉园、大唐通易坊、曲江新区等共同组成了规模宏大气势磅礴的大唐文化主题区域。南北高差9米，分成9级，由南向北逐步拾级形成对大雁塔膜拜的形式。整个工程建筑面积约11万平方米，总投资约5亿元。广场整体涉及概念上以突出大雁塔慈恩寺及唐文化为主轴，结合了传统与现代的元素构成。它不仅是全国最好的广场之一，更是全国最重要的唐文化广场。 编辑本段规模： 音乐喷泉位于北广场中轴线上，南北长 350米，东 西宽52米，最宽处N 米，T字型结构，共分为百米瀑布水池、八级跌水池及前端音乐水池三个区域，可分区独立表演或整体表演。音乐喷泉规模宏大，流光溢彩，美轮美奂。其中八级喷泉方阵，喷头点达1024个，每个喷头均由一台水泵及一台变频器独立控制。音乐喷泉共设计有独立水型22种，均是国内最新推出的科技含量较高的新颖水型。而60米宽，20米高的大型激光水幕，4台喷火火泉从水中喷出，在6米高空充分燃烧低温爆开，更增加了整个喷泉的夺人气魄。喷泉共计有水泵1360台，变频器1124台，彩灯3300余盏，喷头2000多只。喷泉的灯光采用水下池面地灯、LED光带及岸上电脑灯多光源照明。音乐采用高保真远射程专业音像系统，使喷泉声、光、水、色有机交融。 编辑本段记录：全亚洲最大的矩阵喷泉广场，最大的水景广场。 高新技术运用最广泛的广场之一。 雕塑规模最大的广场。 世界上坐凳最多的广场。 光带铺设最长的广场。 规模最大的广场音像组合编辑本段概述秦始皇陵位于距西安市30多千米的临潼县城以东的骊山脚下。据 秦始皇陵兵马俑史书记载：秦始皇从13岁即位时就开始营建陵园，由丞相李斯主持规划设计，大将章邯监工，修筑时间长达38年。 秦始皇陵兵马俑坑是秦始皇陵的陪葬坑，位于陵园东侧l500米处。秦始皇兵马俑陪葬坑坐西向东，三坑呈品字形排列。最早发现的是一号俑坑，呈长方形，东西长230米，南北宽62米，深约5米，总面积14260平方米，四面有斜坡门道，左右两侧又各有一个兵马俑坑，现称二号坑和三号坑。俑坑布局合理，结构奇特，在深5米左右的坑底，每隔3米架起一道东西向的承重墙，兵马俑排档的过洞中。 1974年3月，在陵东的西杨村村民抗旱打井时，在陵墓以东三里的下和村和五垃村之间，发现规模宏大的秦始皇陵兵马俑坑，经考古工作者的发掘，才揭开了埋葬于地下的2000多年前的秦俑宝藏。1975年国家决定在俑坑原址上建立博物馆。1979年10月1日秦始皇兵马俑博物馆开始向国内外参观者展出。 秦始皇陵兵马俑2009年6月13日下午1点多，秦始皇陵兵马俑一号坑再次开掘，之后在一号坑北部中段，又出土了带有彩兵马俑 秦始皇兵马俑陪葬坑，是世界最大的地下军事博物馆。 秦始皇兵马俑是世界考古史上最伟大的发现之一，1978年，前法国总理希拉克参观后说：“世界上有了七大奇迹，秦俑的发现，可以说是八大奇迹了。不看金字塔，不算到埃及，不看秦俑，不算到中国。”从此秦俑被誉为“世界第八大奇迹” 编辑本段秦始皇陵兵马俑地理位置世界经度109.2733 纬度34.3853 中国 陕西 西安 临潼 西安以东35公里 简介兵马俑多用陶冶烧制的方法制成，先用陶模作出初胎，再覆盖一层细泥进行加工刻划加彩，有的先烧后接，有的先接再烧。其实当年的兵马俑各个都有鲜艳和谐的彩绘。我们发掘过程中发现有的陶俑刚出土时局部还保留着鲜艳的颜色，但是出土后由于被氧气氧化，颜色不到十秒钟瞬间消尽，化作白灰。现在能看到的只是残留的彩绘痕迹。兵马俑的车兵、步兵、骑兵列成各种阵势。整体风格浑厚、健美、洗练。如果仔细观察，脸型、发型、体态、神韵均有差异：陶马有的双耳竖立，有的张嘴嘶鸣，有的闭嘴静立。所有这些秦始皇兵马俑都富有感染人的艺术魅力。兵马俑:The Terra Cotta Warriors The Terra Cotta Warriors and Horses are the most significant archeological excavations of the 20th century. Work is ongoing at this site, which is around 1.5 kilometers east of Emperor Qin Shi Huangs Mausoleum, Lintong County, Shaanxi province. It is a sight not to be missed by any visitor to China. The museum covers an area of 16,300 square meters, divided into three sections: No. 1 Pit, No. 2 Pit, and No. 3 Pit respectively. They were tagged in the order of their discoveries. No. 1 Pit is the largest, first opened to the public on Chinas National Day, 1979. There are columns of soldiers at the front, followed by war chariots at the back. No. 2 Pit, found in 1976, is 20 meters northeast of No. 1 Pit. It contained over a thousand warriors and 90 chariots of wood. It was unveiled to the public in 1994.Archeologists came upon No. 3 Pit also in 1976, 25 meters northwest of No. 1 Pit. It looked like to be the command center of the armed forces. It went on display in 1989, with 68 warriors, a war chariot and four horses. Altogether over 7,000 pottery soldiers, horses, chariots, and even weapons have been unearthed from these pits. Most of them have been restored to their former grandeur. The Terracotta Warriors and Horses is a sensational archeological find of all times. It has put Xian on the map for tourists. It was listed by UNESCO in 1987 as one of the world cultural heritages. 华清池简介华清池 位于西安东约30公里的临潼骊山脚下北麓，是中国著名的温泉胜地，温泉水与日月同流不盈，不虚。每天都有很多游人在这里洗温泉澡。据历史记载，这里的温泉大约发现在3000年前的西周时代。汉代曾在这里建造帝王贵族的行宫别墅。唐代建有富丽堂皇的“华清宫”。“华清池”由此得名。经历代战争，原来的建筑都已毁塌。现在的建筑都是按照历史记载的布局于1959年重建的。自古以来，华清池为游览胜地。华清池温泉共有4处泉源，在一石券洞内，现有的圆形水池，半径约1米，水清见底，蒸汽徐升，脚下暗道潺潺有声，温泉出水量每小时达112吨，水无色透明，水温常年稳定在43度左右。四处水源眼中的一处发现于西周公元前十一世纪前771年时代，其中三处是解放后开发的。总流量每小时为100多吨，水温43。水内含多种矿物质和有机物质，有石灰、碳酸钠、二氧化硅、三氧化二铝、氧化钠、硫磺、硫酸钠等多种矿物质。骊山温泉、千古涌流，不赢不虚。温泉水不仅适于洗澡淋浴，同时对关节炎、皮肤病等都有一定的疗效。浴池建筑面积约3000平方米，华清池有各类浴池一百多间，一次可容纳近400人洗浴。 这里作为古代帝王的离宫和游览地已有三千多年的历史。周，秦，汉，隋，唐等历代帝王都在这里修建过行宫别苑，以资游幸。冬天温泉喷水，在寒冷的空气中，水汽凝成无数个美丽的霜蝶，故名飞霜殿。相传西周的周幽王曾在这里建离官。秦、汉、隋各代先后重加修建，到了唐代又数次增建。名曰汤泉宫，后改名温泉宫。到了唐玄宗时又大兴土木，治汤井为池，环山列宫殿，此时才称华清宫。因宫在温泉上面，所以也称华清池。唐代华清池是帝王妃嫔游宴的行宫，每年十月到此，年终返回。唐天宝六年(747)扩建后,唐朝第七个皇帝玄宗每年携带杨贵妃到此过冬沐浴在此赏景。据记载，唐玄宗从开元二年（714年）到天宝十四年（755年）的41年时间里，先后来此达36次之多。飞霜殿原是唐玄宗（685一762）和杨贵妃的卧室。白居易长恨歌就写道：“春寒赐浴华清池，温泉水滑洗凝脂”。 官方网站上面的介绍The Huaqing Pool is located in the Lintong District 30 km east to the urban area of Xian. With Mount. Li to its south and the Wei River to its north, it boasts the natural hot springs. The favorable geographical condition and natural environment make it one of the cradles where ancient people settled and . It was also a favorite place for emperors to buildtheir palaces as a resort. Since ancient times, it has ever been a famous bathing and tourist destination. According to historical records and archeological the Huaqing Pool has a history of 6000 years for the use of hot springs and a history of 3000 years of royal gardens. Over these years, the cultural relics excavated near the source of hot springs prove that over 6000 years ago primitive residents had used the hot spring. In West Zhou, King Youwang ordered the construction of Li Palace on the site. Then the emperors of the following dynasties join in the line. After Emperor Xuan Zong ascended the throne, he commanded the construction of Huaqing Palace on a large scale. The construction was built along the Lishan Mountains range, and the former spring well was designed into a pool. Roads were built to reach the top of Lishan Mountain and one two-way road to Changan linked Huaqing Palace with Daming Palace and Xingqing Palace in the capital city. In the year 747 A.D., the new palace was completed and emperor Xuan Zong named it Huaqing Palace. Because there are many hot spring pools in the palace, it is also called Huaqing Pool With the third peak of Lishan Mountain and the source of hot springs on the axis and the hot springs as the center, the palace was laid out in four directions. This design, on the one hand, made a good use of the hot springs; on the other hand, it represented a precise and strict layout. Inside the palace, there were officials bureaus and houses and hot pools. In addition, some recreational places such as the Rooster Fight Pit and Polo Field etc. for emperor Xuan Zong and Lady Yang were also available. 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