八种状语从句知识点自己整理练习题及答案.doc

英语语法专项之状语从句1.时间状语从句2.条件状语从句3.原因状语从句4.结果状语从句5.比较状语从句6.目的状语从句7.让步状语从句8.地点状语从句用来修饰主句中的动词，副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句，地点状语从句，条件状语从句，原因状语从句，结果状语从句，比较状语从句，目的状语从句，让步状语从句。各类状语从句连接词（短语）一览表：时间when,while,as,assoonas,since,until,after,before，aslongas（长达之久）条件If,unless,as/solongas(只要)原因As,because,since，as/solongas(既然,因为)地点Where目的Sothat(为了),inorderthat结果Sothat（方便）,sothat,suchthat让步though,although,evenif,however方式As比较than,(not)asas1.时间状语从句时间状语从句常见的从属连词有：(注意其汉语意义)when,while,as,before,after,since,until(till)onceassoonas,themoment,theminute,immediately,directly,each/everytime,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,bythetime,whenever等。例如：Every/EachtimeIwasintrouble,hewouldcometomyhelp.IthoughtherniceandhonestthefirsttimeImether.注意：（1）when,while,as的区别：1)when引导从句时，主从句的动作有先有后，也可以同时进行,从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：WhenIgottotheairport,theplanehadalreadytakenoff.（主先从后）（短暂性）WhenIlivedthere,IusedtogototheseasideonSundays.(同时)（持续性）Whenthemovieended,thepeoplewentback.（从先主后）2)while侧重主从句动作的对比，且从句的动词必须是持续性的。如：Whilewewerechattingshewaslookingatthetimetableonthewall3)as引导从句时侧重主从句动作同时或几乎同时进行，从句的动作可以是持续性的，也可以是短暂的。如：SometimesIwatchTVasIamhavingbreakfast4）when和while还可以是并列连词，意思分别是“就在这时”，“然而”。如：IwashavingarestonthesofawhenthetelephonerangTheyweresurprisedthatachildshouldworkouttheproblemwhiletheycouldnt.注：并列连词when常用与以下句型中：was/weredoingwhen（正在做突然）was/wereabouttodowhen（刚要做突然）was/wereonthepointofdoingwhen(刚要做突然)hadjustdonewhen.(刚一就)Hardly/Scarcelyhaddonewhen(刚一就)(2)before引导从句时,词义非常灵活，注意下列句子中的before的词义：1.BeforeIcouldgetinaword,thetailorhadmeasuredme.(还没来得及就)2.Wehadntrunamilebeforehefelttired.(还没就)3.Wehadsailed4daysbeforewesawland.(才)4.Pleasewriteitdownbeforeyouforgetit.(趁还没就)(3)till(until)和nottill(until)1）till(until):主句谓语动词必须是持续性的，意思是“到为止“如：Heremainedtheretill/untilshearrived.2）nottill(until):主句谓语动词必须是短暂性的，意思是“直到才”如：Shewontgotobedtill/untilhereturnshome.3）notuntil还有强调式和倒装式：强调句：Itisnotuntilhereturnshomethatshewillgotobed.倒装句：Notuntilhereturnshomewillshegotobed.(4)几个极易混淆的时间状语从句：1）Itwas+时间点+when（当的时候时间是）Itwas5amwhenwearrivedatthevillage.2）Itwas/willbe+时间段+before(没过就过了才)Itwas/willbetwoweeksbeforewemet/meetagain.3）Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since（自从以来有）Itis/hasbeen3yearssincewelastmet.突破点：一看be动词的时态，二看时间段还是时间点。注意：在“Itis/hasbeen+时间段+since”句型中，从句的动词必须是短暂性的，如果是延续性的动词，时间要从从句的动作结束时算起。如：Itis3yearssinceIsmoked.(我戒烟有三年了)补充：assoonas,immediately,directly,instantly,themoment,theminute,theinstant,nosoonerthan,hardly/scarcely.when.和once这些从属连接词引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生，常译为“一就”。从句中一般时态代替将来时态。everytime,eachtime,nexttime,thefirsttime,anytime,allthetime等名词短语用来引导时间状语从句，表示“每当.，每次.；下次”等。1.Itwasquiet_thosebigtrucksstartedcomingthroughthetown.A.beforeB.afterC.untilD.unless2.Itseemedonlyseconds_theboyfinishedwashinghisface.A.whenB.beforeC.afterD.evenif3.Hardlyhadhereachedtheschoolgate_thebellrang.A.whileB.whenC.asD.assoonas4.Weweretoldthatweshouldfollowthemainroad_wereachedthecentralrailwaystation.A.wheneverB.untilC.whileD.wherever5.Irecognizedyou_Isawyouattheairport.A.themomentB.whileC.afterD.once6.Hewasabouttogotobed_thedoorbellrang.A.whileB.asC.beforeD.when7._Ilistentoyouradvice,Igetintotrouble.A.EverytimeB.WhenC.WhileD.Until8._JohnwaswatchingTV,hiswifewascooking.A.AsB.AssoonasC.WhileD.Till9.Thechildrenranawayfromtheorchard(果园)_theysawtheguard.A.themomentB.afterC.beforeD.as10.NosoonerhadIarrivedhome_itbegantorain.A.whenB.whileC.asD.than11.Severalweekshadgoneby_Irealizedthepaintingwasmissing.A.asB.beforeC.sinceD.when12.It_longbeforewe_theresultoftheexperiment.A.willnotbe;willknowB.is;willknowC.willnotbeknowD.is;know13.Whatwasthepartylike?-Wonderful.Itsyears_Ienjoyedmyselfsomuch.A.afterB.beforeC.whenD.since14.Thenewsecretaryissupposedtoreporttothemanagerassoonasshe_.A.willarriveB.arrivesC.isgoingtoarriveD.isarriving15._gotintotheroom_thetelephonerang.A.Hehardlyhad;thenB.Hardlyhadhe;whenC.Hehadnot;thenD.Nothadhe;when16.Nosoonerhadhefinishedhistalk_hewassurroundedbytheworkers.A.asB.thenC.thanD.when17.DidyouremembertogiveMarythemoneyyouowedher?-Yes,Igaveittoher_Isawher.A.whileB.themomentC.suddenlyD.once18.Ithoughtherniceandhonest_Imether.A.firsttimeB.forthefirsttimeC.thefirsttimeD.bythefirsttime19.HewillhavelearnedEnglishforeightyearsbythetimehe_fromtheuniversitynextyear.A.willgraduateB.willhavegraduatedC.graduatesD.istograduate20.Themomentthe28thOlympicGames_open,thewholeworldcheered.A.declaredB.havebeendeclaredC.havedeclaredD.weredeclared答案：CBBBADACADBCDBBCBCCD2.条件状语从句条件状语从句引导词：if(如果),unless(除非),incase(以防)时态：主将从现(可能会发生的事情)主现从现(肯定会发生/祈使句)1.if引导的条件状语从句，可位于前面或后面，但是如果放在后面，主从句用逗号隔开。引导条件状语从句最常用的连词是if，常见的if条件状语从句表示在某条件下，某事很可能发生，条件是可能存在的，主句中某种情况发生的概率也是很高的。如：Ifyouaskhim，hewillhelpyou如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。Ifyoufailintheexam，youwilllethimdown如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。Ifyouhavefinishedthehomework，youcangohome如果你作业做完了就可以回家了。另外，if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件，也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设。从句多用一般过去时或过去完成时，表示对现在或过去的一种假设。如：IfIwereyou，Iwouldinvitehimtotheparty如果我是你，我会邀请他参加聚会。IwouldhavearrivedmuchearlierifIhadnotbeencaughtinthetraffic要不是交通堵塞，我本会来得早一些。另外你还要注意if条件句的时态搭配1if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时Ifherunshellgetthereintime.如果他用跑的，他就会及时赶到那儿。Thecatwillscratchyouifyoupullhertail.如果你拉猫的尾巴，它就会抓你。2if从句用一般现在时，主句用may/might/canIfthefoggetsthickertheplanemay/mightbediverted.如果雾在大一些，飞机可能就会改在别的机场降落。Ifitstopssnowingwecangoout.如果雪停了，我们就可以出去。3if从句用一般现在时，主句用must/shouldIfyouwanttoloseweightyoumust/shouldeatlessbread.如果你想减肥，你必须少吃面包。4if从句用一般现在时，主句用一般现在时Ifyouheaticeitturnstowater.(也可用willturn)如果把冰加热，它就会化成水。5if从句用现在进行时，主句用一般将来时IfyouarelookingforPeteryoullfindhimupstairs.如果你是在找彼得，上楼就会找到他。6if从句用现在完成时，主句用一般将来时IfyouhavefinisheddinnerIllaskthewaiterforthebill.如果你吃完了，我就叫服务生来算账注意：学习if引导的条件状语从句的用法,现在总结一下:if条件句不一般,几个要点记心间;条件句,放在前,逗号要放句中间。条件句表可能，主句多用将来时；条件句表事实，主句常用现在时。在if引导的条件状语从句中，如果从句谈论的是一个有可能发生的事实及其产生的相关的结果，主句用一般将来时态，从句用一般现在时态。如：Wecanwalkthereifwecantfindabus.Ifitrainstomorrow,wewillnotgotothezoo.Whatwillyoudoifyoufindapandaindanger.如果if条件句谈论的是重复发生和预示要发生的情景和事件，则主从句大多用一般现在时态。如：Ifbearsareindanger,theyattackpeople.在if引导的条件状语从句中，if和条件句位置灵活，可直接放在主句后面，若if条件句放句首，从句后面要加逗号，和主句隔开。还要注意前后时态一致原则if条件状语从句的时态练习一在正确的答案下划一条线。1.Daina(willgo/go/goes)toEuropeifshe(willpass/pass/passes)theexams.2.Thegraduates(willteach/teach/teaches)inthepoorvillageiftheMinistryofEducation(willagree/agree/agrees)soon.3.Ifthere(willbe/are/is)acaraccident,they(willcall/call/calls)110forhelpatonce.4.Ifit(wont/dont/doesnt/isnt)rainy,we(willtake/take/takes)walkoutside.5.IfaUFO(willland/land/lands)infrontofme,I(willgo/go/goes)intolookforthealien.6.Ifhe(willhave/have/has)money,he(willbulid/build/builds)asciencelab.7.DontwaitformeifI(am/willbe)late.8.They(wont/dont)gotothebeachifit(willrain/rain/rains).9.I(willcall/call)youifhe(willstay/stay/stays)athome.10.MrSmith(willlet/let/lets)youknowifhe(willneed/need/needs)help.11.(Will/Do/Does)hevisitthemuseumifhe(wont/dont/doesnt)gettired?12.Where(will/do/does)theyliveifthey(willmiss/miss/misses)thebus?二、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Ifyou_(feel)tired,you_(have)tohavearest.2.Where_he_(see)thefilmifhe_(have)time?3.Ifthere_(be)fewertrees,there_(be)morepollution.4.He_(dress)morecasuallyifhe_(notwork)onweekends.5.IfMarcia_(live)alone,she_(keep)apetparrot.6.Lana_(buy)anewdressiftheoldone_(be)outofstyle.7.Thetwins_(fight)ifthey_(argue).8.I_(have)abakesaleifI_(need)moneyforeducation.9.Peter_(send)meabeautifulsouvenirifhe_(tour)Spain.10.IfMrGreen_(say)Iamhard-working,myparents_(feel)glad.11.I_(go)tothebeachifit_(notrain)thiswee12._they_(have)amatchiftheP.E.teacher_(be)busy?13.He_(write)alettertohisgrandparentsifhe_(get)hisreportcardthisweek.14.Ifshe_(get)uplate,she_(notcatch)theearlybus.15.Peter_(major)inEnglishifhe_(pass)theexamsinPekingUniversity.15.如果他到的晚了会发生什么事情？What_ifhe_late?16.如果努力学习，你就会取得好成绩。Ifyou_,you_good_.17.他如果看电视太久了，他的父母会不高兴。Ifhe_TVtoomuch,hisparents_unhappy.18.如果我们为他组织生日聚会，大家都会来的。Everyone_ifwe_abirthdayparty_him.19.如果明天不下雨，我会和你一起去公园的。Ifit_tomorrow,I_gotothepark_you.20.如果她睡过头了，就会旅游迟到的。She;_thetripifshe_.21.如果他有空，他会帮助你的。Ifhe_,he_you.22.如果Tom考试不及格，他就没有机会上高中了。Tom_havethe_togotothe_highschoolifhe_theexams.23.你如果抄同学的作业就不能学好各门功课。You_goodatallthesubjectsifyou_theotherstudentshomework.单项选择（15分）1.Ifyou_totheparty,youllhaveagreattime.A.willgoB.wentC.goD.going2.Itwillbealongtime_Peter_hiswork.A.since,hasfinishedB.after,finishesC.when,willfinishD.before,finishes.3.Whatwillfather_usfromJapan?A.takeB.bringC.carryD.make4.Weifangisfamous_kites.A.forB.toC.onD.with5I_hertheanswerifshe_me.A.cantell,willaskB.willtell,willaskC.wouldtell,askD.willtell,asks6.Whatareyougoingtodotomorrow?-Wellgotothelibrarytomorrowifit_.A.isntrainB.rainC.wontrainD.doesntrain7.Doyouknowwhenhewillcomebacktomorrow?-Sorry,Idontknow.Whenhe_back,Illtellyou.A.comesB.willcomeC.comeD.maycome8.Whatwillyoudoifyou_totheoldfolkshomevisit?A.goB.wentC.goingD.willgo9.IfIeat_food,Illbeveryfat.A.toomanyB.manytooC.toomuchD.muchtoo10.Illgivethebooktohimifhe_herenextSunday.A.willcomeB.comesC.iscomingD.came11.There_anEnglishfilminourschooltomorrow.A.isgoingtohaveB.willhaveC.isgoingtobeD.has12.Couldyoutelluswhere_？A.willthenextOlympicGamesheldB.thenextOlympicGameswillbeheldC.wouldthenextOlympicGamesbeheldD.thenextOlympicGameswouldbeheld13.Whenmymotherreturnedlastnight,I_abook.A.readB.amreadingC.wasreadingD.amgoingtoread14.What_you_whenitbegantorain?A.do,doB.were,doingC.are,doingD.did,do15.Illwakeyouupwhenhe_back.A.willB.isgoingtocomeC.comesD.come1-5CDBAD6-10DAACB11-15CBCBCe.g.IwillcallyouifIcome.或IfIcome,Iwillcome.(主将从现)如果明天不下雨，我们将去野炊。_Ifyoudropthevase,itfallsintopieces.(主现从现)如果你摔花瓶的话，它就会变成碎片。如果你把水冷却的话，它就会变成冰。_Ifyouhaveanyproblems,pleasecallme.如果你知道答案，请举手。_2.unless引导的条件状语从句，位置和if引导的一样。Unless=if.notE.g.Ifyoudontstudyhard,youwillnotpasstheexam.=Unlessyoustudyhard,youwillnotpasstheexam.除非你努力工作，否则你不会得到高工资。（highsalary）。_3.条件状语从句和祈使句之间的转换。结构：祈使句，and/or+从句（and:那么or否则）1.) Workhard,andyouwillgetahighsalary.=Ifyouworkhard,youwillgetahighsalary.2.)Workhard,oryouwillnotgetahighsalary.=Unlessyouworkhard,youwillnotgetahighsalary.=Ifyoudontworkhard,youwillnotgetahighsalary.练习一在正确的答案下划一条线。1.Daina(willgo/go/goes)toEuropeifshe(willpass/pass/passes)theexams.2.Thegraduates(willteach/teach/teaches)inthepoorvillageiftheMinistryofEducation(willagree/agree/agrees)soon.3.Ifthere(willbe/are/is)acaraccident,they(willcall/call/calls)110forhelpatonce.4.Ifit(wont/dont/doesnt/isnt)rainy,we(willtake/take/takes)walkoutside.5.IfaUFO(willland/land/lands)infrontofme,I(willgo/go/goes)intolookforthealien.6.Ifhe(willhave/have/has)money,he(willbulid/build/builds)asciencelab.3.原因状语从句A、引导原因状语从句的连词原因状语从句一般由从属连词because,as,since，nowthat引导。B、because,as,since和nowthat的区别：1、because“因为”，表示直接的原因，语气最强。1）why提问的句子，必须用because回答。2）because的从句常放在主句之后。3）because不能与so连用。4）because+从句；becauseof+名词短语ImissedthetrainbecauseIgotuplate.Hewasangrynotbecausewewerelatebutbecausewemadeanoise.-Whydidnthecomeyesterday?-Becausehewasill.because和so不能同用在一个句子里。注意：“not.because”结构中的not否定的是because引导的整个从句，例如：Thecountryisnotstrongbecauseitislarge.国强不在大。2、as“因为”，语气较弱，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因。Ashewasnotwell,Idecidedtogotherewithouthim.Asitwasraininghard,wehadtobeindoors.3、since/nowthat“既然”，一般放在主句前，中间用逗号隔开，表示的是明显的原因或众所周知的事实。Since/Nowthatthismethoddoesntwork,letstryanother.Since/Nowthatyoufeelill,youdbetternotgotowork.C、for引导的并列句与原因状语从句的辨析并列连词for“因为”，引导的不是从句，而是并列分句，只能放在主句之后，不能放在句首，常用逗号把它和前面的分句隔开。对主句补充说明理由或推断原因。Itrainedlastnight,forthegroundiswet.Shemusthavegoneoutearly,forshehadnotcomeforbreakfast.Exercise:一、填入恰当的连词1.Ididntgotoschoolyesterday_Iwasill.2._everybodyishere,letsbeginourmeeting.3._youareinpoorhealth,youshouldnotstayuplate.4.Iaskedhertostaytotea,_Ihadsomethingtotellher.5._allthepassengersarehere,whydontwestartatonce?6.Billwontmakeanyprogress_hedoesntstudyharderthanbefore.7.Hemighthavegonetobed,_thelightwentout.二、改写句子,保持句意不变1)Theshipchangeditscoursebecausetherewasastorm.Theshipchangeditscourse_.2)Becausehewasill,hedidntgotoschool.Hewasill,_hedidntgotoschool.3)Hecouldntwalkbecausehislegwasbroken.Hecouldntwalk_his_leg.4)Icamebackbecauseitwasrainingheavily.Icameback_the_rain.三、回家作业：一、填入恰当的连词1._youdonotunderstand,Iwillexplainagain.2._Janewastheoldestinthisfamily,shehadtolookaftertheothers.3.Hemustbeill,_heisabsenttoday.4.Theteachermustbestrictwithyou_theywantyoutomakegreatprogress.5._yourfatheriswellagain,younolongerhaveanythingtoworryabout.6.Thedaybreaks,_thebirdsaresinging.7._youareill,youdbettergotoseethedoctor.8._shewaslateforclass,shehadtosaysorry.二、选择恰当的答案1.Themancantgetonthebus_thereisnoroomonit.A.thoughB.becauseC.untilDsothat2._herdaughterhadntcomeback,_shelookedworried.A.Because,/B.Because,soC.Though,butD.Though,/3._youvegotachance,youmightmakefulluseofit.A.NowthatB.AfterC.AlthoughD.Assoonas4.Hefounditdifficulttoread,_hiseyesightwasbeginningtofail.A.andB.forC.butD.or5.Amancannotsmilelikeachild,_achildsmileswithhiseyes,whileamansmileswithhislipsalone.A.soB.butC.andD.for原因状语从句练习题I.在下列句子的空格中填入适当的连词(每空一词)：1._Janewastheeldest,shelookedaftertheothers.2._youknowit,Iwontrepeatit.3.Hedidntheartheknockatthedoor_hewaslisteningtotheradio.4.Whydidntyoucome?_myfatherwouldntletme.5._everybodyishere,letsbeginthediscussion.II.句型转换(把下列复合句转换