最经典最清晰虚拟语气讲解.doc

_虚拟语气 定义：虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想，不是事实或与事实相反。 陈述语气 祈使语气动词的语气 非真实条件句中的虚拟语气 名词性从句中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气 特殊句型中的虚拟语气 虚拟语气需特别注意的情况用法：一IF引导的虚拟句式if从句主句现在did /（be一般用were）would / could / should / might + do过去had donewould / could / should / might + have done将来did /（be一般用were）should dowere to dowould / could / should / might + do注意；混合虚拟（1） 不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now.(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：He could have passed the exam, but he wasnt careful enough.You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.二名词性从句中的虚拟语气:从句谓语动词(should) +do1. 主语从句：it is + adj + that结构advisable 适当的、合适的regretful 遗憾的ordered 命令anxious忧虑、焦急的regretful 遗憾的recommended推荐appropriate 适当的right 正确、恰当的requested 要求better 较好的strange 奇怪的required 建议desirable 理想的surprising 惊奇的名词essential 紧要的urgent 紧迫的duty 职责imperative 迫切的vital 极其重要的no surprise 不奇怪important 重要的分词no wonder不足为奇insistent 坚持的decided 决定pity 遗憾natural 自然的demanded 要求regret 后悔、遗憾necessary 必要的desired 想往shame 羞耻、不像话2. 宾语从句：主语+要求接虚拟语气的动词+thatadvise劝告desire渴望require 要求、请求ask要求intend 打算recommend推荐command命令insist 坚持request 要求decide决定order 命令suggest 建议demand要求、需求prefer 宁愿urge 主张determine决定propose 提议一个坚持：insist两个命令：order; command 两个决定：decide; determine三个建议：suggest; advise; propose四个要求：demand; ask; request; require 注意： suggest：暗示；insist：坚持说(不虚拟) except, believe, think suspect等动词的否定形式或疑问句后面的宾语从句要用虚拟。 I never thought that he should be such a brave young solider should竟然 I am glad that your novel should have won the first prize. wish引导从句的虚拟语气，谓语动词变化和if从句虚拟语气一样。 Wish可以用以下结构：wish +主语+would/should have done3. 表语从句、同位语从句advice 劝告necessity 必要性requirement 要求decision 决议order命令recommendation 推荐desire 愿望proposal 提议resolution 决心、决议demand 要求preference 选择suggestion 建议idea 主意、想法request 要求三、其他用法一、名词性从句的虚拟语气中，表示建议、命令、要求的含义是，无论主句谓语动词为何种时态，从句的谓语动词都用：should + do。should可以省略。 但是：insist意为“坚持某种动作”才用虚拟语气；意为“坚持某种观点，某个事实”则不用虚拟语气。He insists he is a student. 他坚持说他是个学生(表示的是事实，因此在这个语句中不能使用虚拟语气)suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气，意为“暗示”则不用虚拟语气。His face suggests that he looks worried. 他的表情暗含着他很担心(本身是事实，因此它就没有用到虚拟语气)二、even if, even though 所引导的让步状语从句中 与现在事实相反：从句may/might+动词原形，may/might可以省略， 与过去事实相反：从句had done 类似的词有though/even though/whatever/however/so long as; 主、从句的结构与if所引导的条件从句结构相同Even if he were here himself, he should not know what to do. 即使他亲自来也不知该怎么办。（事实：他没来） Nobody could save him even though Hua Tuo should come here. 即使华佗在世也救不了他。（事实：华佗不在世）三、含蓄的虚拟语气：but/but for, or，in that case, without, otherwise,四、would rather, had rather, would sooner等后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不符的一种愿望，其虚拟语气结构为：过去 had + done Id rather you had seen the film yesterday. 我倒想你昨天看过了这场电影。现在 did/were Id rather you were here now. 我倒想你现在在这儿。 将来 did/were Wed rather you went here tomorrow. 我们倒想你明天去那儿五、wish 后宾语从句 1、表示与现在事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：did/were I wish I had your brains. 我希望我有你那样的头脑。(事实：我根本比不上你) 2、表示与过去事实相反的愿望，谓语动词：had + done I wish I had known the truth of the matter. 我希望我那时就知道这件事情的真相。（事实：那时还不知道） 3、表示将来难以实现的愿望。谓语动词： would /could / should / might + 动词原形 I wish I should have a chance again. 我希望我还能有一次这样的机会。（事实：很难再有这样的机会了） (if only引导的感叹句和as if/as though引导的状语从句也有相同用法)if only若是该多好啊；真希望 与现在事实相反，从句谓语：did / were 与过去事实相反，从句谓语：had done If only she had lived a little longer.could have done If only she could have lived a little longer. 将来可能性不大，从句谓语：would /could / should / might +doas if, as though有时候引导虚拟语气 与现在事实相反，从句谓语动词：did / were 与过去事实相反，从句谓语动词：had done 将来可能性不大，从句谓语动词：would /could / should / might +do六、目的状语从句 1、在for fear that, in case, lest引导的从句中，若用虚拟语气时，从句谓语为：（should ）+ do。 She examined the door again for fear that a thief (should) come in. 她又把门检查了一遍，以防盗贼的进入。 He started out earlier lest he (should) be late. 他早早的就出发了以防迟到。 2、so that, in order that所引导目的状语从句中， 从句中谓语为：can / could / may / might / will / would / should + do He goes closer to the speaker so that he can hear him clearer. 他走近说话的人以便能听得更清楚。 He read the letter carefully in order that he should not miss a word. 他把信读得很仔细以便不漏掉一个字。七、虚拟语气还可用在定语从句中，表示：“早该做某事了”时，谓语动词须用虚拟语气，从句虚拟语气结构： It is (high / about) time that + 主语 + 动词的过去式 should + do（should不可省，且优先使用动词过去式）It is time for sb. to do sth. It is time that I went to pick up my daughter at school. 我该去学校接我的女儿了。 It is high time you should go to work. 你早该上班了。 It is （the first / second / third）time that 从句谓语动词用have done It was（the first / second / third）time that 从句谓语动词用had done八、固定搭配 1. Were it not for“要不是”与现在事实相反： Were it not for your help, I would never be a good boss. 2. Had it not been for“当时要不是”与过去事实相反： Had it not been for you, I would have lost my way. 3. What if “要是该怎么办？”if从句谓语用should do: What if i