专八翻译技巧.doc

精品文档八级翻译的八大技巧及实例讲解1. 选词（1） Among prominent summer deaths, one recalls those of Marilyn Monroe and James Deans(2000)说起那些英年早逝的杰出人物，人们自然会想到玛丽莲梦露和詹姆斯迪恩斯（2）In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003)在其经典小说开拓者中，詹姆士菲尼摩尔库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。（3）Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. (2005)不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。（4）这儿水草肥美，让它们长得肥滚滚的，像些胖娃娃。(2007)By eating the luxuriant/lush/exuberant water grass, they grow fat and look like chubby babies.（5）会议室门口贴着一条通告：请与会者关闭手机。(2009)Usually a notice is put on the front door of a conference room which reminds the participants to switch off their mobile phones.2. 词类转换（1） The rules of the game are an arbitrary imposition of difficulty. (2001)游戏规则就是把困难武断地强加于人。（2） In his classic novel, The Pioneers, James Fenimore Cooper has his hero, a land developer, with his cousin on a tour of the city he is building. (2003)在其经典小说开拓者中，詹姆士菲尼摩尔库珀让主人公，一个土地开发商，带着他表妹参观他正在建设的一座城市。（3）War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny(2006)尽我们的力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量，同一个穷凶极恶的暴政进行战争（4）Our world is bursting with knowledgebut desperately in need of wisdom. (2007)当今世界知识爆炸，而我们仍然十分迫切地需要智慧。（5）也许它们要抓紧时间，在即将回家的最后一刻再次咀嚼。(2007)Perhaps they are using every minute to chew again before going home.Perhaps they are using every minute to enjoy their last chew before being driven home.（6）尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2002）This is particularly true of the people living in rural areas/the countryside where their way of life/living has remained unchanged for thousands of years.（7）古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命(2005)Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives词类转换有一定的规律可循，在汉英翻译中，汉语的动词常常转换成英语的名词、形容词、介词；汉语的形容词和副词有时也转换成英语的名词；在英汉翻译中，词类转换主要是英语的名词、介词、形容词、副词转换成汉语的动词。3. 形合和意合的转换（1） Winners are not afraid to do their own thinking and to use their own knowledge. (2002)成功者勇于独立思考，敢于展示才华。经过形合向意合的转换，译文更符合汉语的习惯。（2） Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. (2004)接着有那么一小会儿，我感觉屋子又大又空，不知道自我藏在何处。(3) They can separate facts from opinions and dont pretend to have all the answers. (2002)他们能区分客观事实和主观臆断，不假装什么都懂。（4）人的智力需要开发，人的内心世界是需要开发。（2008）Human beings need to tap into their inner world, as is the case with their own intelligence.(5) 这样，他们可以贴近先进的科学技术，去探索科学技术的奥秘。（2000）In this way they can get closer to advanced science and technology so as to probe their mysteries.(6) 饿了吃糠甜如蜜，饱了吃蜜也不甜。（2004）when you are hungry, even chaff tastes sweeter than honey; whereas when you are full, honey does not taste sweet at all. (7)人是很有趣的，往往在接触一个人时首先看到的都是他或她的优点。（2004）Human beings are interesting in that when you meet a person for the first time, you are likely to notice only his or her merits.（8）现今180万温哥华居民中，有一半不是在本地出生的，每4个居民中就有一个是亚洲人。（1999）At the present, among the 1.8 million Vancouver residents, half of them are not native-born and one out of every four residents is from Asia.（9）不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to let a single minute of their lives slip by.（10）孩子需要家庭，家庭似乎也需要孩子。（1999）Children need the family, but the family seems also to need children.并句译法（1） 一个人的生命究竟有多大意义，这有什么标准可以衡量吗？（2005）How significant is a persons life? Is there a standard to evaluate it?Is there a standard to evaluate the significance of a persons life?（2） 更为常见的是，一个人走着走着突然停下来，眼睛盯着手机屏幕发短信。他不在乎停在马路中央还是厕所旁边。It is an all too familiar scene that someone walking down the street suddenly stops to send text messages, their eyes fixed on the phone screen, regardless of whether they are in the middle of the street or next to a public toilet.（3） 大自然对人们的恩赐，无论贫富，一律平等。（2002）Nature bestows the same favors upon all human beings, whether they are rich or poor.（4） 它们几乎没有一个顾得上抬起头来，看一眼这美丽的黄昏。（2007）Hardly any of them take time to raise their heads to glance at the beautiful twilight.（5） 打开手机象征我们与这个世界的联系。手机反映出我们的“社交饥渴症”。（2009）Keeping our cell phones on symbolizes our connection with the world and shows our hunger for social intercourse.（6） 第二代属于工业技术博物馆，它所展示的是工业文明带来的各种阶段性结果。The second generation museums are those of industrial technology which present the fruits achieved by industrial civilization at different stages of industrialization.（7） We are before us an ordeal of the most grievous kind. We have before us many, many months of struggle and suffering. (2006)我们所面临的是极其严酷的考验，是旷日持久的战斗和苦难。（8） Do not dicate to your author: try to become him. Be his fellow worker and accomplice. (2005)不要对作者发号施令/指手画脚，要努力站在作者的立场上。断句译法（1） However, too many of the worlds leaders are still best described in the words of Winston Churchill applied to those who ignored Adolf Hitlers threat: “ They go on in strange paradox, decided only to be undecided, resolved to be irresolute, all powerful to be impotent.” (2009)当年有很多政界要人对阿道夫希特勒的威胁置之不理，温斯顿丘吉尔曾经这样形容过他们：“他们行为怪异、自相矛盾，明明作出了决定却又优柔寡断，明明下定了决心却又摇摆不定，明明实力强大却虚弱无力。”（2） War with all our might and with all the strength God has given us, and to wage war against a monstrous tyranny never surpassed in the dark and lamentable catalogue of human crime. (2006)这是一个非常凶残的暴政，在人类黑暗可悲的罪行记录上前所未有，我们要尽我们的全力，用上帝赋予我们的全部力量和这个暴政进行战争。（3） Writers cannot bear the fact that poet John Keats died at 26, and only half playfully judge their own lives as failures when they pass that year. (2000)诗人约翰济慈去世时年仅26岁，这一事实令作家们很难接受。他们过了26岁就会半开玩笑地说自己的一生碌碌无为，一事无成。（4） 中国民族自古以来从不把人看作高于一切，在哲学文艺方面的表现都反映出人在自然界中与万物占着一个比例较为恰当的地位，而非绝对统治万物的主宰。（2006）Since ancient times, the peoples of China have never considered human being to be superior to other animal species. According to Chinese philosophy, literature and art, human beings occupy a position relative to all other creatures in the natural world and do not absolutely dominate them.（5） 愈吃愈趋于冷静，吃完了这顿宴席，缺点就都找出来了。（2004）The more courses you have, the calmer you will become. By the end of the dinner, you will have noticed all its shortcomings.（6） 在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003）The more courses you have, the calmer you will become. By the end of the dinner, you will have noticed all its shortcomings.（7） 一个春天的傍晚，园中百花怒放，父母在园中设宴，霎时宾客云集，笑语四溢。（2003）One spring evening when the flowers were in full bloom, my parents held a banquet in the garden. As the guests gathered, the whole garden was filled with laughter.（8） 古来一切有成就的人，都很严肃地对待自己的生命，当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度学习，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）Throughout history, outstanding people have always been very serious about their lives. As long as they live, they make the best use of every minute of their lives to work and study as much as possible, never wasting their time.增词（1）在得病以前，我受父母宠爱，在家中横行霸道，一旦隔离，拘禁在花园山坡上一幢小房子里，顿感被打入冷宫，十分郁郁不得志起来。（2003）Before I became ill, my parents indulged me and it was easy for me to get my own way. When I was ill, however, I was confined to a hillside room in my familys garden. It made me feel neglected and I felt depressed.（2） 始吃头盘或冷碟的时候，印象很好。（2004）Usually you have a very good impression when you taste the first course or the cold dishes.（3） 我们都是普通人，并没有多少重要的事情。（2009）We are all ordinary people who have few important/urgent things to do.（4） 尤其在乡间，上千年来人们一直以不变的方式生活着。（2009）This is particularly true of the people living in the countryside where their way of life has remained unchanged for thousands of years.（5）当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）as long as they live, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to waste even a single moment of their lives.（6）Let that be realized. (2006)我们必须认识到一点。（7）Victory at all costsvictory in spite of all terrorsvictory, however long and hard the road may be, for without victory there is no survival. (2006)不惜一切代价，去赢得胜利；不畏任何恐惧，去赢得胜利；无论道路多么遥远和艰难，也要赢得胜利，因为没有胜利就不能生存。（8）the actions, and inaction, of human beings imperil not only life on the planet, but the very life of the planet. (2007)不管人类做了什么，还是什么都不做，这个星球上的生命乃至这个星球的寿命都会受到威胁。省词（1） 所以人们对于大自然，全都一致并深深地依赖着。（2002）Therefore, all human individuals have become unanimously and profoundly dependent on Nature.Therefore, all humans are deeply dependent on Nature.（2）当他活着一天，总要尽量多劳动、多工作、多学习，不肯虚度年华，不让时间白白地浪费掉。（2005）as long as they live, they always labor, work, and study as hard as possible, unwilling to spend time unproductively nor to waste even a single moment of their lives.（3）这是因为，第一，开始吃的时候你正处于饥饿状态(2004)The reason is that, firstly, when you begin to eat you are hungry（4）他们其中有一半是近5年才来到温哥华地区的，使温哥华成为亚洲以外最大的中国人聚居地。（1999）Half of them have come to settle in Vancouver within the last five years, making Vancouver the largest area outside Asia where ethnic Chinese live.（5）因为我们的苦闷，基本上比西方人为少为小(2006)So,