SAT考试常用123个的固定搭配.pdf

SATSATSATSAT 中涉及到写作角度的阅读题型中涉及到写作角度的阅读题型 修辞手法题 Rhetorical DeviceQuestion SAT阅读考题重点考察考生对于美国大学教材的快速阅读能力 理解能力及判断能力 SAT阅读除了检测考生的词汇量外 还要考察考生的理解及判断的综合能力 然而无数考生 遇到 SAT阅读的一个难处是 即使认识了每一个单词 也不代表能答对文章的题目 这是 因为考生并不清晰考题背后所考察的核心实质 考生们经常困惑的是 为什么这题我看懂了 还是选错了 其实不同的题型有不同的思维 就像笔者就此会谈到的 SAT中涉及写作角度 的阅读题型 将会揭秘此类题型的考察核心 故名思意 此题型考察的是从写作角度入手的思维实质 而这一方面也是考生容易忽 视甚至完全无知的方面 纵观历年真题 细分此题型所涉及的角度 可分为三个方面 修辞 手法 写作目的 写作手法 即三种题型 修辞手法题 写作手法题 写作目的题 从考题 背后的考察核心思想入手 从本质上破解题目 而此章节重点阐述修辞手法题 从 2005 年 3 月 SAT 改革 修辞手法题悄然而入 此题型所考题数总量并不多 但是 每年试卷上总会留下许些身影 从 2005 年 3 月到 2010 年 5 月 共 15 套真题 此题型出现 10 次 官方指南出现 1 次 在线官方试题 0 次 此题型标致性题干为 rhetorical device 现 在来看到一个真题 09 年 1 月 例子 7 the quotationinlines 10 12 contains an example of which rhetorical device APersonification B Understatement C Wordplay D Paradox EAnalogy 此题型难倒考生有三点 看不懂选项 不理解选项中修辞手法运用 无法辨认文中所 考内容的修辞 围绕这三个问题 逐一展开破解 总结历年真题中此题型涉及到的修辞 Simile 明喻 Metaphor 隐喻 Parallel structure 平行结构 排比 Analogy 类比 Understatement 低调陈述 Exaggerate Hyperbole 夸 张 Repetition 重复 Personification 拟人 Comparison and Contrast 对比 Euphemism 委婉语 Wordplay Pun 双关 Paradox Oxymoron 矛盾语 Allusion 典故 Irony 讽刺 虽然看起来很多修辞需要辨认 但是在历年 11 次考题中修辞手法题只围绕最基本的的 修辞在考 也就是重心放在 Metaphor 暗喻 Parallel structure 平行结构 排比 Analogy 类比 Repetition 重复 那么只要把这几个弄清楚就好了 此处仅以隐喻为例 Metaphor 隐喻 为了详尽描述 Metaphor 首先把与之对应的 Simile 了解清楚 文学词汇词典 A Dictionary of Literary Terms 对 Simile 是这样的定义 Afigure of speechinwhich one thing is likened to another insuch a way as to clarify and enhance an image It is explicit comparison as opposed to the metaphor where comparison is implicit recognizable by the use of words like or as 这个定义对明喻的界定既有权威性又有普遍性 笔者查了很多书 许多论述英 语修辞的书籍或者文章在讲明喻时 其叙述都没有超出这个概念 根据定义 明喻是一种表 现一事物像另一事物的修辞格 说得通俗点 也就是打比方 即把要描述的事物 本体 A 用比喻词与另一种具有鲜明的同一特征的事物 喻体 B 联系一起 常用的比喻词有 as 如 like 像 seem 似乎 asif 好像 as though 好像 such as 像 一样 等 其基本格式是 Ais likeB 或 Ais as as B 例如 Thechequefluttered to the floor like a bird with a broken wing Metaphor 隐喻 隐喻是一种比喻 它不用比喻词 直接把甲事物 喻体 当作乙事 物 本体 来描述 其比喻关系隐含的句意 从而更生动 更生刻地说明事理 增强语言的 表达力 Webster s New World Dictionary Afigure of speech containing an implied comparison inwhich a word or phraseordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to anther 这个解释 意思是说 隐喻是一种隐含的修辞格 其通常的基本用法是 表达某一事物的词或短语被用 来表达另外一个事物 比喻是隐含的 因此它的本体和喻体的关系必然十分紧密 于 simile 相比较 metaphor 不但不需要暗示 as like 之类的比喻词 ADictionary of Literary Terms 对 metaphor 的定义为此 a figure of speechinwhich one thing is describedinterms of anthor The basic figureinpoetry Acomparison is usually implicit whereasinsimileitis explicit 下面用 实例对这两种修辞格做一比较 1 life is like an isthmus between two eternities simile 生活像永恒的生死两段之间的峡道 明喻 2 life is an an isthmus between two eternities metaphor 生活是永恒是生死两段之间的峡道 隐喻 1 Happiness is like sunshine itis made up of very little beams simile 幸福像阳光 它由非常细小的光束构成 明喻 2 Thesunshine of happiness is made up of very little beams metaphor 幸福的阳光由非常细小的光束构成 隐喻 由此我们可以知道 隐喻就是直接把甲事物 喻体 当作乙事物 本体 来描述 真题 2005 年 3 月 sec5 Questions 6 7 arebased on the following passage Duke Ellington considered himself the world s greatest listener In music hearing is all Judging by the two or three thousand pieces of music Ellington wrote he could probably hear a flea scratching itself and put that rhythm into one of his compositions For him the sounds of the world were the ingredients he mixed into appetizers main courses and desserts to satisfy the appetite of his worldwide audience He wasn t averse to going outina boat to catch the fish himself He would raise the fowl himself But when that musical meal appeared before you none of the drudgery showed 7 In lines 5 11 For him drudgery showed the author s point is primarily developed through the useof Acomparison and contrast B appeal to emotion C exaggeration D metaphor Ehumor 理解定位 对于他而言谈 声音的世界是一种作料 他将此混入开胃菜 主食和甜点 之中来满足观众的口味 他不反感自己亲自捕鱼 他甚至可以愿意自己亲自喂养家禽 只要 音乐的餐点你面前出现 什么样的辛苦工作都不会再有了 定位行数的 the sounds of the world were the ingredients 和 musical meal 是将音乐比喻成作料和餐点 所以答案选择的 是 D SATSATSATSAT语法考试常用的语法考试常用的 123123123123 个固定搭配个固定搭配 1 be foundin 2 be associated with 3 be typical of 4 the useof 5 rely on 6 be derived from 起源于 7 refer to 8 be known as sb 9 be known for sth 10 be concerned with 11 inrelation to 关于 与相比 12 act on 对 起作用 13 bring about 使发生 14 protect from 15 together with 16 a number of 17 beableto 18 be similar to 19 be dependent on 20 with ease 熟练的 21 according to 22 specializeindoing sth 23 serveas 24 at onetime 25 tend to 26 interestin 27 due to 28 lead to 29 at least 30 contrary to 31 be equal to 32 contribute to doing sth 33 livein 34 be dedicated to doing 35 deal with 36 belong to 37 itis estimated that 38 be resistant to 39 result from 40 consist of 41 inconnection with 42 transform into 43 take place 44 excel at doing 擅长于 45 be based on 46 play akey role 47 spread to 48 comefrom 49 be related to 50 a minimum of 51 begin to 52 begin doing 53 start to 54 start doing 55 cause lead enable force order sb to do sth 56 attempt to do sth 57 expect sb to do sth sb be expected to do sth sb expect it is expected that 句子 58 be compared to with 59 appear seem to do 60 at atime when 句子 61 indicate state believe predict show demons trate reveal that 句子 62 not only but also not only but as well 63 the relationship betweenAand B ofAto B 64 be responsiblefor doing sth to sb 65 句首表 尽管 whereas while 66 at atime when 从句 67 be likely to do sth that 从句 68 the possibility likehood 1 that从 句 2 of doing sth 3 of sth 69 1 use sth to do sth 对 2 use sth to be 错 3 usesth as 在 SAT 中是错的 70 be give have grounds for 71 forbid sth doing sth 72 prohibit prevent keep sb from doing sth 73 depict as 74 ineffect infact 75 not but 76 not but rather 77 call forsth call forAandB 78 prove 1 prove sth 2 prove to be adj 79 regard as sth adj doing 80 be known 1 for sth 2 as sb 3 to do sth 4 to 范围 81 descend from 82 on condition that 83 model after 84 be based on 85 look to sb to do sth 86 however much S V however many sth 87 believe 1 that 从句 2 sth to be sth 3 adj 88 range vary in 方面 from to 89 attribute sth to be attributed to 90 be consistent with 91 be worried about 92 beforesth doing 从句 93 associate with be as