新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson91、92、93】.doc

新概念第二册课文翻译及学习笔记【Lesson91、92、93】【课文】 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Where was the stations Commanding Officer? A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding a pair of binoculars. When the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing! 【课文翻译】 一个飞行员发现了一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。他马上把情况报告了该基地，但那里的人没有一个能解释这到底是怎么回事。控制塔上的官员得知这个消息后，非常气愤，因为气球有可能给飞机造成极大的危险。他说可能有人正对基地实行侦察，所以命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行物。飞行员设法绕着气球飞了一阵。他看清了气球下面有3个人呆在一只筐里，其中一个举着望远镜。当气球飞临基地上空时，飞行员看见有一个人在拍照。不久，气球开始降落，在一个停机坪附近着了陆。警察被召来了，但他们却不能逮捕任何人，因为筐里是两名国会议员和一名基地的指挥官!正如指挥官后来解释的那样，基地的这半边不知道那半边正在干什么! 【生词汇总】 balloon n. 气球 royal adj. 皇家 spy v. 侦察 track n. 轨迹，踪迹 binoculars n. 双筒望远镱 【知识点讲解】 1. A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. 一个飞行员发现了一只气球，它像是正飞往附近的一个皇家空军基地。 我们来分析一下这个句子的结构。 主语：A pilot 谓语：noticed 宾语：a balloon 后面的which seemed.这是个定语从句，整个从句修饰宾语balloon。 seem to be doing seem接不定式的实行式，表示“似乎正在实行某事”，make for 固定短语，表示“走向，飞向”此外，还可表示“有助于;导致”。 例句： He seems to be waiting for somebody. 他似乎在等什么人。 2. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. 他马上把情况报告了该基地，但那里的人没有一个能解释这到底是怎么回事。 inform v. 通知，告诉，报告 inform不能接双宾语，比如inform sb. sth这种用法是错误的，准确的表达是inform sb. of sth.例如： She hasnt informed me of her new number. 她还没告诉我新的电话号码。 inform sb. that/wh- 告知某人 inform后面的sb.不能省略。比如： The headmaster informed us that the sports meeting will be held next Monday. 校长通知大家下周一举行运动会。 be able to和can的区别 a. can/could表示水平;可能(过去时用could)，只用于现在式和过去式(could)，而be able to可用于各种时态。 When he comes, he will be able to tell you the truth. 等他来了就能告诉你事实真相了。(这个句子里不能用can或could代替) b. 只能用be able to的情形 位于助动词后;情态动词后;表示过去某时刻的动作时;用于句首表条件;表示成功做成某事只能用was/were able to，不能用could。例如： The leading actor was able to get out of the house before it exploded. =The leading actor managed to get out of the house before it exploded. 在房子爆炸之前，男主角成功逃离。 c. can表示“水平”时是指现在的水平，过去或将来的水平通常用was/were able to或will/shall be able to表示。 My little nephew was able to go school by himself. 我的小侄子能自己去学校。 I can read the English newspapers. 我能读懂这份英文报纸。 3. because balloons can be a great danger to aircraft. 因为气球有可能给飞机造成极大的危险。 can be. 这里是指一种可能性，can表示可能性时多指一般性或理论上的可能性，而不是某种实际上将要发生或正在发生的可能性，也就是说，can通常不用来表示某种实际发生的可能性或真实性， 当我们要表达发生某事的实际可能性时通常用could(或may，might)。比如： Accoring to the weather forecast, it could rain this afternoon. 根据天气预报，今天下午可能会下雨。 Even experts can make mistakes. 即使是专家也可能会出差错。 may/might/could也可表示在说话时某事可能是真的，比如： You might be right. 可能你是对的。 danger danger既可作不可数名词 表示危险，也可作可数名词表示危险物(或人)，威胁。比如： Nowadays, greenhouse effect is a great danger to ecosystem. 现在，温室效应成为生态系统的一大威胁。 常用短语： in danger of 有的危险 in danger 处在危险中 danger area 危险区;危险领域 aircraft 常用作集体名词，也可指一架飞机，所以其复数形式也是aircraft，其含义包括直升机和飞艇等。 4. He said that someone might be spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. 他说可能有人正对基地实行侦察，所以命令那个飞行员跟踪那个奇怪的飞行物。 might be doing 表示对正在实行的动作的推测。 spy on sth. 暗中监视，窥探 spy既可作名词，表示“间谍，侦探，侦察”，也可作动词表示“侦探，监视，看到，找出” spy into 侦查 He was expelled from the country for spying on their naval bases. 他因刺探该国海军基地的情报而被驱逐出境。 keep track of 在这里表示“跟踪”，还可表示“跟上的进度;记录” 5. He could make out three men in a basket under it. 他看清了气球下面有3个人呆在一只筐里 make out 固定短语，表示“(勉强)看出，辨认出，听出” Can you make out who is singing on the stage? 你能看清楚舞台上是谁在歌唱吗? make out还可表示“写出，填写;起草”，相当于是write out。 She made out a long shopping list after an hour. 一个小时后，她列出了一张长长的购物单。 6. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. 不久，气球开始降落，在一个停机坪附近着了陆。 soon afterwards=shortly afterwards 随后，不久以后 Soon afterwards the election began, he decided to quit. 选举开始后不久，他就决定退出。 descend 降落，缓缓下降 descend from sb.(财产，权利)由父传子 descend on/upon 突然袭击，突然降临 land既可作名词表示“陆地;国土”，也可作动词表示“着陆;靠岸” airfield 飞机场 Hundreds of fans crowded onto the airfield to wait for the famous film star. 上百名影迷拥在停机坪上等待的影星。 7. The police were called in. 警察被召来了。 call in 召来;召集 Mary is having a fever, Wed better call in a doctor. 玛丽在发烧，我们请医生来。 邀请召来 How many friends did you call in? 你邀请了多少朋友? 到某人的家、办公处等拜访，访问 During Spring Festival, we often call in relatives. 春节期间我们经常去亲戚家拜年。 新概念英语92课： Asking for trouble 自找麻烦 【课文】 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Why did the policeman ask the writer to come to the police station? It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night. I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night. So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station? Well, Id prefer to stay here, I said. You see. Ive forgotten my key. Your what? he called. My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me. 【课文翻译】 我回到家时，肯定已是凌晨两点左右了。我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。于是，我从花园的小棚里搬来了一个梯子，把它靠在墙边，开始向卧室的窗口爬去。快要爬到窗口时，下面一个人用讽刺的口吻说：“我看不必在夜里这个时候擦窗子吧。”我向下面看去。当我看清是一个警察时，差一点儿从梯子上掉下去。我回答了他的话，但马上又后悔不该那样说，我是这样说的：“我喜欢在夜里擦窗子。” “我也是的，”警察用同样的声调回答，“请原谅我打断了您。当一个人在忙着干活时，我是不愿意去打断他的，但请您跟我到警察局去一趟好吗?” “可我更愿意呆在这儿，”我说，“您瞧，我忘带钥匙了。” “什么?”他大声问。 “钥匙!”我喊道。 幸运得很，这喊声惊醒了我的妻子。就在警察开始向我爬上来时，她打开了窗子。 【生词汇总】 fast adv. 熟(睡) ladder n. 梯子 shed n. 棚子 sarcastic adj. 讽刺的，讥笑的 tone n. 语气，腔调 【知识点讲解】 1. Ask for trouble, 自找麻烦，自讨苦吃 (多用于口语) You shouldnt have been so rude to her. You are asking for trouble. 你不该对她那么粗鲁。你这是自讨苦吃。 2. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the doorbell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden我按响了门铃，试图唤醒我的妻子，但她睡得很熟。于是，我从花园的小棚里搬来了一个梯子 (1) she was fast asleep 这里的 fast 是副词“熟(睡)” He is fast(=soundly) asleep. 他睡熟了。 (2)by.以某种方式 She earned money by writiong, 她靠写作赚钱。 3. I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.我看不必在夜里这个时候擦窗子吧。 句子结构：主从复合句， think 后面为宾语从句，省略了关联词that (1)有些动词如think，believe，expect，suppose等后接表示否定意思的宾语从句时，通常在主句中使用否定形式，但译成汉语时否定意义仍在宾语从句中。我们一般不说 I think Mary wont come this evening,而说I dont think Mary will come this evening。 (2)need cleaning的含义相当于need to be cleaned。Need表示“需要”时，后面接的动名词有被动含义 The strap needs mending. 这提包带需要修理。 (3)at the time of . 在.的时候 At the time of spring, the flowers is in bloom. 在春天，百花盛开。 4. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night. regret 后接动名词形式与不定式形式的含义不同。 regret to do 对要做的事遗憾。(未做) regret doing 对做过的事遗憾、后悔。(已做) I regret to have to do this, but I have no choice. 我很遗憾必须这样去做，我实在没有办法。 I dont regret telling her what I thought. 我不为告诉她我的想法而后悔。 5. I enjoy cleaning windows at night. So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. “我喜欢在夜里擦窗子。” “我也是的，”警察用同样的声调回答 (1)句子分析，该结构主要用来说明前面所说的情况也同样适用于后面的人或物，意为“也一样”。 该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。 He reads a lot and so do I. 他读得书很多，我也是。 但是如果前面所述情况为否定式，则用neither, nor引出倒装句(此时不能用so)。如： He couldnt do it, and neither could she. 他做不了这事，她也做不了。 He never comes late. Nor do I. 他从不迟到，我也从不迟到。 (2)So I do 该结构主要用于增强语气，其意为“的确如此、确实如此”，表示后者赞同前者的话或意见，仅仅进一步强调并重复前句所述的内容。该结构中的助动词 do 根据前文的情况也可换成 is, am, are, was, were, does, did, can, could 等。 He went to see his friend yesterday. 他昨天去看朋友了。 So he did. 的确如此 6. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station?“请原谅我打断了您。当一个人在忙着干活时，我是不愿意去打断他的，但请您跟我到警察局去一趟好吗? (1) Excuse my interrupting you. 向正在工作或正在说话的人说话时的表达方式。 祈使句 Excuse ones doing。原谅(某人的行为) (2)hate to do/hate doing憎恨做某事 He hates to swim in a such rainy day 他讨厌在这样的雨天游泳。 (3)would you mind(ones) doing? 你介意(某人)做某事吗? Do you mind mailing the letter for me? 你介意帮我寄份邮件吗? Would you mind not making the private call in the office please? 新概念英语93课： A noble gift 崇高的礼物 First listen and then answer the question. 听录音，然后回答以下问题。 Where was the Statue of Liberty made? One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. Before it could be transported to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built. The site chosen was an island at the entrance of New York Harbour. By 1884, a statue which was 151 feet tall had been erected in Paris. The following year, it was taken to pieces and sent to America. By the end of October 1886, the statue had been put together again and it was officially presented to the American people by Bartholdi. Ever since then, the great monument has been a symbol of liberty for the millions of people who have passed through New York Harbour to make their homes in America. 【课文翻译】 世界上最的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在19世纪时由法国人民赠送给美国的。这座由雕像家奥古斯特.巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用10年时间雕像刻成的。这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的，由艾菲尔特制的金属框架支撑着。在雕像被运往美国之前，必须为它选好一块场地，同时必须建造一个基座。场地选在了纽约港入口处的一个鸟上。到1884年，一座高度达151英尺的雕像在巴黎竖立起来了。第二年，它被拆成若干小块，运到美国。到1886年10月底，这座雕像被重新组装起来，由巴索尔地正式赠送给美国人民。从那时起，这座伟大的纪念碑对通过纽约港进入美国定居的千百万人来说就一直是自由的象征。 【生词汇总】 noble adj. 高尚的，壮丽的 monument n. 纪念碑 statue n. 雕像 liberty n. 自由 present v. 赠送 sculptor n. 雕刻家 actual adj. 实际的，真实的 copper n. 铜 support v. 支持，支撑 framework n. 构架，框架 transport v. 运送 site n. 场地 pedestal n. 底座 【知识点讲解】 1. One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to by the people of France. 世界上最的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是由法国人民赠送给的。 (1)one of 引导的短语(其后面名词要用复数)与 the Statue of为同位语; One of 和 the (only)one of 的区别，试比较： 他是协助我的学生之一 Peter is one of the students who help me.(Peter是众多为我提供援助的学生之一) Peter is the (only) one of the students who helps me.(只有Peter 为我提供援助) (2)the Statue of Liberty 自由女神像 美国的自由女神像(Statue of Liberty，Statue de la libert)，又称“自由照耀世界”(英语：Liberty Enlightening the World，法语：Libert clairant le monde)，是法国在1886年赠送给美国的独立100周年礼物。美国的自由女神像坐落于美国纽约州纽约市附近的自由岛，是美国重要的观光景点及地标。由女神穿着古希腊风格的服装，所戴头冠有象征世界七大洲及五大洋的七道尖芒。女神右手高举象征自由的火炬，左手捧着一本封面刻有“1776年7月4日”字样的法律典籍，这个天正是美国独立宣言的签署日。脚下是打碎的手铐、脚镣和锁链。她象征着自由、挣脱暴政的约束，在1886年10月28日落成并揭幕。雕像锻铁的内部结构是由后来建造了巴黎埃菲尔铁塔的居斯塔夫埃菲尔设计的。(wikipedia) (3) Freedom “没有强制、压迫，能够按照自己的以致行事”， 强调“个人自由” We have freedom of speech. Liberty 民族、国家争取自由时，可与 freedom 互换，它着重于强调“从过去所受的压制或束缚中解放出来”， 强调“集体自由” The majority of the people in the world have regained their liberty. 世界上绝大部分人已重获自由。 (4)present sth. to sb. 把某物送给某人 One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. 世界上最的纪念碑之一的自由女神雕像是在19世纪时由法国人民赠送给美国的。 We will send a present to our former headmaster. 我们将送一份礼物给我们以前的校长。 present 作为动词时， 其重音落在第二个音节上，作为名词时，重音落在第一音节上，注意加以区分。 音节介绍 同形不同音的词 很多词既能够作名词又能够作动作，但有些词为不同的词类使用时发音上，尤其是重音的位置会有变化，这些词有： Accent、conduct、conflict、contest、contrast、export、increase、insult、present、transport、protest、record、refuse、product 2. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. 这座由雕像家奥古斯特.巴索尔地设计的巨大雕像是用10年时间雕像刻成的。 句子分析，which 引导非限制性定语从句，修饰 the great statue 引导非限制性定语从句时，通常只用which： He drove too fast, which was dangerous. 他开车很快，这是很危险的。 3. The actual figure was made of copper supported by a metal framework which had been especially constructed by Eiffel. 这座雕像的主体是用铜制成的，由艾菲尔特制的金属框架支撑着。 (1)be made of指用某种材料制成，并且原材料的性质或形状没变，从成品能够看出其原材料 Desk is made of wood. 桌子是由木料做成的 be made from从成品能够