三大从句的区分.doc

_ 三大从句的区分首先三大从句是形容词性从句（即定语从句）；副词性从句（即状语从句）；和名词性从句（包括：主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句）修饰名词或代词的从句是定语从句He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.We are all looking forward to the day when 2008 Olympic Games begin in Beijing.修饰一个句子的从句是状语从句When he was walking in the street yesterday, he met with a friend of his.在句中作主语的从句叫主语从句，That he came home late at night worried his parents.在句中作宾语的从句叫宾语从句，I dont know why he came home late at night.在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句，It looks as if it is going to rain.在句中作同位语的从句叫同位语从句I have no idea why he came home late at night.定义及相关术语1定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。2先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。3关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose,as等；关系副词有when,where,why等。关系词通常有下列三个作用：A、引导定语从句；B、代替先行词；C、在定语从句中担当一个成分。例如：Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。名词性从句在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫做名词性从句。它包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。分析历届高考试题名词性从句考查的焦点主要有以下六个方面一、名词性从句主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，在整个句子中所起的作用，相当于一个名词。因此，这四种从句通称为名词性从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类： 连接词：that, whether, if （不充当从句的任何成分） 连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 连接副词：when, where, how, why定语从句与同位语从句的区别1定语从句修饰限定先行词，它与先行词是修饰关系；同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容，它与先行词是同位关系。TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforParis.（定语从句）刚刚起飞的那架飞机是开往巴黎的。Thefactthathehasalreadydiedisquiteclear.（同位语从句）他已经去世了，这个事实很明了。2定语从句由关系代词或关系副词引导，关系词在从句中担当相应的句子成分，关系代词在从句中作宾语时经常可省略。同位语从句主要由连词that引导，在从句中一般不担当成分；有时也由where,when,how,who,whether,what等连词引导，这些连词则在从句中担当成分。Thenewsthathetoldmeistrue.（定语从句）他告诉我的消息是真的。Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.（同位语从句）他刚刚去世了，这个消息是真的。3同位语从句与先行词一般可以用动词be发展成一个完整的句子,而定语从句则不能。如：A.Theideathathewecouldasktheteacherforadviceiswonderful.（同位语从句）我们可以向老师请教，这个主意不错。Theideawasthatwecouldasktheteacherforadvice.B.Thefactthattheearthmovesaroundthesunisknowntoall.（同位语从句）地球围绕太阳转，这个事实人人皆知。Thefactisthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.C.Payattentiontotheproblemhowwecanprotectthewildanimals.（同位语从句）请注意如何保护野生动物这个问题。Theproblemishowwecanprotectthewildanimals.同位语从句和定语从句的区别： that作为关系代词，可以引导定语从句，充当句子成分，在从句中作宾语时可以省略； that引导同位语从句时，起连词的作用，没有实际意义，不充当句子成分，一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here（that引导同位语从句，不能省略）Have you got the idea（that）this book gives you of life in ancient Greece？（that引导定语从句，作宾语，可以省略）例题.Tomorrow is Toms birthday. Have you got any idea_ the party is to be held? A. what B. which C. that D. where 答案D 考点考查同位语从句。 解析由句式结构可以判断 the party is