托福听力学科词汇.doc

精选TOEFL听力学科词汇(based on TPO)I. Art31.1 Arts31.2 Literature101.3 Architecture12II. Physical Science132.1 Geology 地质学132.2 Astronomy 天文学182.3 Physics 物理学232.4 Chemistry 化学28III. Life Science333.1 Zoology 动物学333.2 Animal Behavior 动物行为393.3 Physiology 生理生化423.4 Botany 植物学453.5 Speciology 物种学503.6 Ecology 生态学51IV. Social Science544.1 Archaeology 考古学544.2 Business 经济商学564.3 History 历史604.4 Psychology 心理学614.5 Anthropology 人类学644.6 Sociology 社会学644.7 Philosophy 哲学644.8 Politics 政治65I. Art1.1 Artsstyle stail n. 风格 【频】6【例】 TPO 1 L1 Shes got a very unusual style, compared t some of the artists weve looked at this term.techniqueteknik n. 手法，技术 【频】6【例】TPO 19 L4 And this is something, a technique that you will find in both of their work.gallery glri n. 画廊 【频】6【例】TPO 1 L1 Remember I said that at some point during this semester I wanted you to attend an exhibit at the Fairy Street Gallery and then write about it. painterpent n. 画家 【频】5【例】TPO 34 L1 Last week we started talking about the painters and sculptors who were part of the art movement called Dada.【衍】Painting n.绘画， Paint v. 绘画artist artist n. 艺术家 【频】5【例】TPO 1 L1 The name of the artist exhibiting there is Rose Frantzen.playplei n. 剧本【频】5【例】TPO 7 L1 In fact, some of the playwrights would start by writing the end of the play.romanticromantik a. 浪漫的 【频】4【例】TPO 27 L4 Well Goethe was part of the Romantic Movement in western literature.【衍】Romance n. 浪漫史、冒险故事 ，Romanticist n. 浪漫主义者， Romanticism n. 浪漫主义theatert n. 戏院【频】4【例】TPO 12 L3 They carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form.portrait prtrt n. 肖像 【频】3 【例】TPO 1 L1 Frantzen had to paint other peoples portraits at places like art fairs just to make money to buy paint for her more serious art work.【衍】Portraiture n. 肖像画，Portraitist n. 肖像画家， Portray v. 描绘genre anr n. 类型 【频】3【例】TPO 30 L4 I think its fair to say that the sound of the electric guitar typifies the rockn roll genre.scenesi:n n. 景象 【频】3【例】 TPO 1 L1 A lot of impressionist artists painted everyday scenes, like people on the streets and in cafes, lots of nature scenes, especially landscapes.【衍】Scenery n. 舞台布景，风景recitalrisaitl n. 独奏会 【频】3【例】TPO 24 L2 By age fourteen, she was teaching her free dance to young children and giving recitals.【衍】Recitative a. 吟诵的depictdipikt v. 描画 【频】3【例】TPO 1 L1 It didnt depict scenes or models exactly as they looked.【衍】Depiction n. 描画classicalklsikl a. 古典的【频】3【例】TPO 16 L4 As piano became more available, they brought classical music, the music which previously had been composed only for the upper classes. patron petrn n. 赞助人，主顾【频】2【例】 TPO 16 L4 Well, I dont have to spell it out for you, the likes and dislikes of the patron, this wouldve had an effect on what was being composed and performed.【衍】Patronage n. 赞助brushstroke brustrok n. 绘画技巧 【频】2【例】TPO1 L1Impressionist painters tended to apply paint really thickly, and in big brushstrokes.balletblei n. 芭蕾 【频】2 【例】TPO24 L2As I said, in classical ballet, emotions are conveyed through a set of strictly formalized movements.【衍】Ballerina n. 芭蕾舞女演员composerkmpoz n. 作曲家【频】2【例】TPO16 L4There were many other influences on composers.【衍】Compose v. 作曲texturetekst n. 质地，纹理 【频】2【例】TPO1 L1The texture of the canvas was rough.charcoaltakol n. 木炭，炭笔 【频】2【例】TPO3 L3Theres charcoal marks from their torches on the cave walls clearly dating from thousands of years after the paintings were made.parchmentpartment n. 羊皮纸 【频】2【例】TPO15 L3During the 1400s, when printing was being developed, paper became the predominant material for books in Europe, but prior to that, it was parchment.manuscriptmnjuskript n. 手稿，原稿【频】2【例】TPO15 L3Before the invention of printing and the printing press, all books, all manuscripts were hand-made. realism rilizm n. 现实主义 【频】2【例】TPO1 L1Youve probably studied both of these movements separately, Realism and Impressionism, in some of your art history courses.【衍】Realistic a. 现实主义的， Realist n. 现实主义者impressionismmprenzm n. 印象主义 【频】1【例】TPO1 L1Impressionism started in the late 19th century.【衍】Impressionist n. 印象主义者exhibit igzibit n. 展示会 【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 Well, the exhibit that I want you to attend is coming up.canvasknvsn. 帆布【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The texture of the canvas was rough.bleakblik a. 阴冷的，黯淡的【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 The overall scene gives an impression of a cold, bleak winter day on a farm.blurryblr a. 模糊的 【频】1【例】TPO 1 L1 You can really see those broad brushstrokes and the blurry lines.expressive ikspresiv a. 表现的 【频】1【例】TPO 19 L4 Well, for me, it is her face and hands, I think they are really expressive.【衍】Expression n. 表现、表达，Expressionist n. 表现主义艺术家 contemplativekntempltv a. 沉思的 【频】1【例】TPO19 L4They make the woman seem very contemplative, seems like she is thinking pretty seriously about something. 【衍】Contemplate v. 沉思，Contemplation n. 沉思 contrasting colors 对比色 【频】1【例】TPO19 L4What strikes me is the contrasting colors, the white dress and the dark background.vagueveig a. 模糊的 【频】1【例】TPO19 L4Well, the background behind the woman is pretty vague. conventionalknvnnl a. 常见的，传统的 【频】1【例】TPO19 L4Now, the undefined background also shows how Cecilia Beaux was influenced by the French Impressionists, who believed, like Beaux in a personal rather than conventional approach to their subject matter. bold color 亮色 【频】1【例】TPO21 L4First, Neels use of bold color.critickritik n. 批评家，评论家【频】1【例】TPO21 L4Some critics had declared the genre of portraiture to be dead.【衍】Critical a. 批评的，Criticize v. 批评，Criticism n. 批评abstract art 抽象派艺术 【频】1【例】TPO21 L4But keep in mind that she was doing this when abstract art dominated the art scene.fashionablefnbl a. 流行的，时髦的【频】1【例】TPO21 L4Representations of people werent fashionable in the art world.【衍】Fashion n. 时尚Primary color 原色 【频】1【例】TPO27 L4As you probably know, primary colors are, theoretically speaking, the basic colors from which all other colors can be made.Secondary color 次生色 【频】1【例】TPO27 L4But as youll find out when you start working on your painting projects, the three primary colors-red, blue, yellow-dont always make the best secondary colors.Prismprzm n. 棱镜【频】1【例】TPO27 L4He used a prism to break white light down into the various colors of the spectrum.chromaticskrmtiks n. 色彩学 【频】1【例】TPO27 L4Scientists studying optics and chromatics today still marvel at his findings. 【衍】Chromatic a. 彩色的symbolizesimblaiz v. 作为.象征 【频】1【例】TPO27 L4His ideas about what colors symbolize, about the emotions that different colors inspire were based on the colors red, yellow and blue.【衍】Symbol n. 象征、符号，Symbolic a. 象征的，Symbolism n. 象征主义、记号 Film-maker 电影制作人【频】1【例】TPO3 L2And in that context, today we are going to talk about a film-maker who began making very unique films in the late 1920s.clipklip n. （影片）剪辑 【频】1【例】TPO3 L2He might take a clip of a mollusk going up and down in the water and set it to music. documentarydkjmntri n. 纪录片【频】1【例】TPO3 L2He set the standard really for the nature documentary.【衍】Documentarist n. 纪录片制片人primitive primitiv a. 原始的 【频】1【例】TPO3 L3I think you will agree with me that this art is anything but primitive.masterpiecemstpis n. 杰作 【频】1【例】TPO3 L3They are masterpieces.Studio studio n. 画室，工作室， 电影（音乐）制片厂 【频】1【例】TPO8 L2The painting depicts an active crowded studio with women drawing and painting a live model.Salonsln n. 画廊，美术展览馆 【频】1【例】TPO8 L2You can have a painting or sculpture in the salon and go back to your home country saying youve been a success in the Paris.scribeskraib n. 抄写员，作家 【频】1【例】TPO15 L3So it wasnt uncommon for the scribes or monks who produce the manuscripts.Palimpsest plim(p)sest n. 重写本 【频】1【例】TPO15 L3A manuscript page that was written on, erased and then used again is called a palimpsest. Papyrus scrolls 古本手卷 【频】1【例】TPO15 L3This was extremely fortunate, since later on, the original papyrus scrolls disappeared. preserve prz:v v. 保存 【频】1【例】TPO 15 L3 So the pages, the pieces of parchment themselves, had been preserved.stained glass 彩色玻璃 【频】1【例】TPO16 L4Stained glass of course is simply glass that has been colored and cut into pieces and re-assembled to form a picture or a decorative design.Metallic compound 金属化合物【频】1【例】TPO16 L4You got specific colors by adding metallic compounds to the other glass making ingredients.Paleolithic,pliuliik a. 旧石器时代的【频】1【例】TPO17 L1Today, we will be covering the Upper Paleolithic Period, which I am roughly defining as the period from 35000 to 8000 B.C.【衍】Neolithic a. 新石器时代的Stratigraphystrtgrfi n. 地层学【频】1【例】TPO17 L1Stratigraphy is used for dating portable art.【衍】Stratum n. 地层，Stratification n. 层理Radiocarbon,redkb()n n. 放射性碳 【频】1【例】TPO 17 L1 That had to do with chemical analysis, something to do with measuring the amount of radiocarbon left in the organic stuff.Prehistoric art 史前艺术【频】1【例】TPO17 L1So it turns out that radiocarbon dating works for a lot of prehistoric art.artifact:tfktn. 手工艺品【频】1【例】TPO17 L1Dont get me wrong though, analyzing the styles of prehistoric artifacts can help dating them.sculpturesklpt n. 雕塑 【频】2【例】TPO17 L1And now you can see why we dont have an exact date for our sculpture “the lady with the hood”. statuesttu: n. 雕塑【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2They began making copies of the Greek statues.plaster cast 石膏模型【频】1【例】TPO 18 L2What they did was they made plaster casts from molds of the sculptures.Operapr n. 歌剧，歌剧院【频】1【例】TPO12 L3The word opera means work, actually it means works.Renaissancernsns n. 文艺复兴【频】1【例】TPO12 L3They took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissances time. scularization,skjlrzen n. 世俗化【频】1【例】TPO12 L3During those years, several things happened-primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization. 【衍】 Secularize v. 还俗melodramamldrm n. 情节剧，音乐剧【频】1【例】TPO12 L3It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater, the term melodious drama being shortened eventually to melodrama.cadenceked()ns n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO12 L3And the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic cadence of language.Chivalry vlri n. 骑士精神，骑士制度 【频】1Epicepik a. 史诗的【频】1【例】TPO12 L3They relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots, the novels of chivalry or the epics of chivalry out of the middle ages.Broadwaybrdwe n. 百老汇 【频】1【例】TPO12 L3But Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while. Baroque brok n. 巴洛克式的艺术【频】1【例】TPO16 L4Up until now in our discussions and readings about the Baroque early classical periods, weve been talking about the development of musical styles and genres.harpsichordha:psikd n. 大键琴【频】1【例】TPO16 L4Unlike the harpsichord which came before it, the piano is a percussion instrument. clarinet klrinet n. 单簧管【频】1Transverse flute 长笛【频】1【例】TPO16 L4Weve seen in the development of some of the instruments, you remember the transverse flute, the clarinet and so on.percussionpkn n. 打击乐器【频】1【例】TPO16 L4This striking action is why the piano is a percussion instrument instead of a string instrument.virtuoso ,vtuoso n. 艺术大师【频】1【例】TPO16 L4Clara grew up to become a well-known and respected piano virtuoso.accompanimentkmpnmntn. 伴奏【频】1【例】TPO22 L4Even the very first public projection of a movie had piano pilation,kamplein n. 编辑【频】1【例】TPO22 L4 Usually a compilation of a music that already existed would be used.violin ,vailin n. 小提琴【频】3【例】TPO27 L2But its generally thought that the acoustical quality of modern violins doesnt live up to the quality of the vintage ones.【衍】Violinist n. 小提琴家craftsmanshipkrftsmnip n. 技艺，技术【频】1【例】TPO27 L2Their dimensions, shape, their fingerboard height, and general craftsmanship.Nationalismnnlzmn. 国家主义，民族主义 【频】1【例】TPO25 L2I just finished reviewing your papers on the influence of nationalism on the composers music.lyrical lirikl a. 抒情诗调的 【频】1【例】TPO25 L2These music pieces were long and lyrical.ethnomusicologistenomjuzikldist n. 人种音乐学家 【频】1【例】TPO25 L2He was an ethnomusicologist, and he studied the traditional music of the region.glissandoglisando n. 滑奏，滑音 【频】1【例】TPO25 L2He liked to use glissando as his hallmark.electric guitar 电吉他 【频】1【例】TPO30 L4 Each design was intended to alter the sound in some way, at first at least with the electric guitar, to make it louder.steel guitar 夏威夷吉他 【频】1【例】TPO30 L4That led to the lap guitar which is also called the steel guitar.enamorinm v. 迷恋，倾心【频】1【例】TPO30 L4US sailors who were stationed in Hawaii were very enamored with the music they heard there.fresco fresku n. 壁画【频】1【例】TPO 26 L4So far we have been talking all semester about restoring and preserving pieces of art, like ancient frescoes and early oil paintings. labyrinth lbrin n. 迷宫 【频】1【例】TPO33 L4Mazes or labyrinths, as they are also called, were very common in Renaissance gardens.Screen dance 屏幕上的舞蹈 【频】1【例】TPO23 L4Screen dance which is relatively new, isnt for everyone.choreography,krgrfi n. 编舞 【频】1【例】TPO23 L4The question we have to ask is, whats the difference between choreography for a live performance and choreography for onscreen viewing?【衍】Choreograph v. 设计舞蹈动作Modern dance 现代舞 【频】1【例】TPO24 L2I think the best analogy to modern dance ismodern art or modern music.tunictju:nik a. 束腰外衣 【频】1【例】TPO24 L2Duncan wore loose, flowing tunics, and she dance bare foot.pantomimepntmaim n. 哑剧【频】1【例】TPO24 L2Some said Duncans art form was closer to pantomime than to dance. acrobatickrbtik a. 杂技的 【频】1【例】TPO24 L2After seeing this, Duncan publicly denounced ballet as a form of acrobatics, complicated and excruciating mechanism she called it.1.2 LiteratureLiteraturelt()rt n. 文学 【频】5【例】TPO 4 L2 Before I was a literature professor, I was an accountant.poem pum n. 诗【频】5【例】TPO 13 L3 I thought poems were shorter, these were more like long stories.【衍】Poetryn. 诗歌艺术，Poet n. 诗人novel nvl n. 小说 【频】2【例】TPO 27 L4 He wrote many famous novels, plays, poems.【衍】Novelist n. 小说家fictionfknn. 小说 【频】2【例】TPO 3 L2 In fact, Painleve was known for saying that science is fiction.【衍】Fictional a. 虚构的、小说的Fairy tale 童话故事【频】3【例】TPO5 L4With fairy tales, the location is generally unspecified.characterkrkt n. 角色【频】3【例】TPO5 L4But all the other elements, like the location or characters, might be modified for each audience.plotpltn. 情节 【频】3【例】TPO5 L4Not the plot, the details of what happens in the story would remain constant.Dramadrm n. 戏剧 【频】2【例】TPO 7 L1 We first need to look at an early form of drama known as the well-made play, beginning with some early 19th century comedies in France proved very successful commercially.【衍】Comedy n. 喜剧Folk tale 民间故事【频】2【例】TPO5 L4They seem to be less realistic than folk tales.versionv()nn. 版本【频】1【例】 TPO5 L4Every storyteller might have had a slightly different version of the same folk tale.essayesei n. 散文【频】1【例】TPO4 L2You will be reading one of Emersons best-known essays.sketchsket n. 素描，梗概【频】1【例】TPO6 L3While writing character sketches, do think about details.stereotype steritaip n. 刻板印象【频】1【例】TPO6 L3Dont make your character into a stereotype.cliche kli:ei n. 陈词滥调【频】1【例】TPO6 L3Be careful not to make him into the cliche of the ragged mountain dweller.Medieval ,midivl a. 中世纪的【频】1【例】TPO13 L3The two poems we are looking at today fall into the category of medieval times.rhythm rim n. 节奏，韵律【频】1【例】TPO13 L3Its written to make the audience have some kinds of predictable rhythm.Heroic deeds 英雄事迹【频】1【例】TPO13 L3They were written to describe the heroic deeds or actions of warriors. nobility noblti n. 贵族【频】1【例】TPO13 L3They were written for the knights and the nobility that they served.minstrelmnstrl n.吟游诗人 【频】1【例】TPO13 L3The poems were songs performed by a minstrel, singer who traveled from castle to castle.patrioticpeitritik a. 爱国的【频】1【例】TPO13 L3Hearing the songs probably made them feel more patriotic.【衍】Patriot n. 爱国者 Patriotism n. 爱国主义troubadourtrubdr n.行吟诗人【频】1【例】TPO13 L3Many troubadour were able to make a living being full time poets.biographical ,baigrfikl a. 传记的【频】1【例】TPO13 L3They often had small biographical sketches added to their poems.【衍】Biography n. 传记，Autobiography n. 自传Folk legend 民间传说 【频】1【例】TPO 20 L3 Like folk legends, they have been passed down orally.playwrightpleirait n. 剧作家【频】1【例】TPO7 L1This became so popular that the playwright almost had to include it in every play.denouementdeinuma n. 结局【频】1【例】TPO7 L1But the denouement offers the audience a logical conclusion.1.3 ArchitectureAcousticskstkn. 声学，音质【频】3【例TPO29 L2It was not until the beginning of the twentieth century that architectural acoustics became a scientific field.downtowndauntaun n. 市中心【频】1【例】TPO13 L1In general, downtown areas just dont have that many residential areas, not that many people live there.pedestrianpdstrn n. 行人【频】1【例】TPO13 L1These pedestrian malls are typically located in the downtown area of the ximityprksmti n. 邻近，接近【频】1【例】TPO13 L1Proximity to potential customers, well call a customer base.auditorium