初中反义疑问句讲解.doc

June Aug12th，2012此文档比较适合初二学生学习，所举的例子还比较不错，第三页的表格总结的也还不错反意疑问句专题（中考必考1） 一、基本用法与结构反意疑问句由“陈述句+简略疑问句”两部分组成，第一部分提出一种看法，第二部分用来质疑或表示证实。陈述部分与疑问部分的动词时态和动词性质应保持一致，而且肯定和否定形式彼此相反，即陈述部分为肯定式时，疑问部分用否定式，陈述部分为否定式时，疑问部分用肯定式：He likes English, doesnt he? 他喜欢英语，是吗？He doesnt like English, does he? 他不喜欢英语，是吗？【注】1. 若陈述部分含有hardly, never, few, nothing ，little，nobody，seldom等否定词或半否定词，其疑问部分要用肯定式：He has few friends here, has he? 他在这儿几乎没什么朋友，是吗？She said nothing, did she? 她什么也没说，是不是？2. 若陈述部分含有带否定前缀的词，疑问部分仍用否定式：It is unfair, isnt it? 这不公平，不是吗?It is impossible, isnt it? 那是不可能的，是吗?3. 当陈述部分为为there be句型时，疑问部分仍用there作“主语”：There was nothing in the room, was there? 房间里什么也没有，是吗？4. 当陈述部分的主语是指示代词（this ，that ，these ，those）时，疑问部分用it, they等代词：That is a new car, isnt it? 这是一辆新汽车，是吗?5.当陈述部分的主语是复合不定代词时，若陈述部分的主语为somebody,someone, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody等复合不定代词，其反意疑问句的主语在正式文体中用he，在口语或非正式文体中通常用they：Nobody was late, were they? 没有一个人迟到，是吗?6.当陈述部分的主语是 something, anything, nothing, everything等复合不定代词时，其反意疑问句的主语要用it：Everything is ready, isnt it? 一切都准备好了吗？Nothing is important, is it? 没有什么重要的，不是吗?二、含情态动词的反意疑问句1. 基本原则：在通常情况下，当陈述部分含有情态动词时，疑问部分会重复前面同样的情态动词：He can speak English, cant he？他会说英语，是吗？We shouldnt go, should we? 我们不应该去，对不对？2. 当陈述部分含有must时，要分两种情况： 若must表示“必须”或“有必要”，疑问部分用 mustnt 或neednt：You must leave at once, mustnt neednt you? 你必须(有必要)马上离开，是吗?但是若陈述部分有mustnt表示禁止，疑问部分要must：You mustnt laugh, must you? 你不准笑，知道吗? 若must表示推测，疑问部分不能用must，而应根据must后的动词结构采用相应的动词形式：He must be tired, isnt he? 他一定累了，是吗?三、陈述部分为祈使句的反意疑问句1. 基本原则：若陈述部分为祈使句，疑问部分通常用will you：Please help us, will you? 请帮帮我们，好吗？Come with us, will you? 同我们一起去，好吗？Dont forget to post the letter, will you? 请别忘了寄信。2. 当祈使句为Lets时，疑问部分总是用 shall we：Lets go there together, shall we? 我们一起去，好吗?3. 当祈使句为Let us时，若表示请求，疑问部分用will you，若表示建议，疑问部分用 shall we：Let us know your address, will you? 请把你的地址告诉我们，好吗?Let us go swimming together, shall we? 我们一起去游泳好吗?四、陈述部分为主从复合句的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分为主从复合句时，疑问部分一般应与主句保持一致：She said that he didnt like it, didnt she? 她说他不喜欢它，是不是？He knows where I live, doesnt he? 他知道我住什么地方，是不是？当陈述部分为I think (believe, suppose) that.等时，疑问部分通常与从句保持一致(注意否定的转移)：I think that it is too short, isnt it? 我认为它太短了，对不对(它太短吗)?I dont think he will come, will he? 我认为他不会来，对吗(他会来吗)?【注】这类用法主要限于主语为第一人称且think等动词为一般现在时的情形。五、几种特殊情况的反意疑问句1. 当陈述部分是Im时，疑问部分通常用arent I：Im wrong, arent I? 我错了，是吗?Im older than you, arent I? 我年纪比你大，对不对？2. 当陈述部分是I wish时，疑问部分通常用may II wish to go with them, may I? 我想同他们一起去，可以吗？3. 当陈述部分有had better时，疑问部分用had：Hed better leave here, hadnt he? 他最好离开这儿，是吗？Would better ， 疑问部分 would 请看如下表格，对号入座1、遵循“前否后肯”或“前肯后否”的原则:JimisntinClassFour,ishe?2、前后两句主语相同 :MrZhanghasbeenhereforfouryears,hasnthe?3、主语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前句主语后句主语例 句This/thatItThis is your brother,isnt it?SomethinganythingeverythingnothingNothing is serious,is it?V.ing/to v.Swimming is great fun,isnt it?These/thosetheyThose are books,arent they?Everybody/everyoneSomeboby/someoneAnybody/anyoneHe/theyEveryone knows this,dont they?(Everyone knows this ,doesnt he?)BothandThey/you/weBoth Tom and Jack came, didnt they?NobodyHeNobody likes to lose money, does he?hadbettershould或hadWehadbettergorightnow,shouldntwe/hadntwe?wouldrather+动词原形” wouldliketo+动词原形”wouldntYoudliketohavesomebananas,wouldntyou?I amArent IIamyourfriend,arentI?Letmewillyou或mayI Letmehelpyou,mayI?LetsshallweLetsgoforawalk,shallwe?letuswillyouLetusdoitbyourselves,willyou?Let接第三人称willyouLethimcomein,willyou?感叹句Isnt it/arent ?Whatfineweather,isntit?否定的祈使句Willyoucanyou Dontmakeanoise,will/canyou?表示邀请,请求的祈使句willyouwontyou/wouldyouComehere,willyou?Turnoffthelight,willyou?表示告诉别人做某事的祈使句willyou、canyou、wouldyoucantyou、wontyou ：Stoptalking,canyou?Writedownthenewwords,willyou/wontyou?谓语不一致的若干情况如下（需牢记）：前谓语后谓语例句have(有)have或doMaryhastwobrothers,doesntshe/hasntshe?have(有)与陈述部分一致Hehasntalotoftime,hashe?have不做“有”用doTheyallhaveagoodtime,dontthey?haveto用do或haveWehavetogetupearly,dontwe/haventwe?havegotto用haveWehavegottoanswerallthequestions,haventwehadbetter用should或hadWehadbettergorightnow,shouldntwe/hadntwemaymay主语+notTheymaybeherenextweek,maytheynot?must(必须)用needntYoumustdoittoday,needntyou?must(应该)用mustntImuststudyhard,mustntI?mustnt用must或mayYoumustnttalklikethat,mustyou?实义动need和dear用doHeneedshelp,doesnthe?情态动need和dear用need和dearHedarenotsayso,darehe?neednt用need或mustHeneedntdothat,musthe?“wouldrather+动词原形” “wouldliketo+动词原形”用wouldntYoudliketohavesomebananas,wouldntyou?“oughtto+动词原形”用oughtnt或shouldntWeoughttogothere,shouldntwe?“usedto+动词原形”didnt+主语”usednt主语”HeusedtoliveinLondon,usednthe/didnthe?1) 陈述部分的主语是Im ，疑问部分要用 arent I. Im as tall as your sister，arent I?2) 陈述部分的谓语是wish，疑问部分要用may +主语。 I wish to have a word with you, may I?3) 陈述部分用 no, nothing, nobody, never, few, seldom, hardly, rarely, little等否定含义的词时，疑问部分用肯定含义。 Some plants never blown (开花), do they ?4) 含有ought to 的反意疑问句，陈述部分是肯定的，疑问部分用 shouldnt / oughtnt +主语。 He ought to know what to do, oughtnt he? / shouldnt he?5)陈述部分有have to +v. (had to + v.)，疑问部分常用dont +主语（didnt +主语）。 We have to get there at eight tomorrow, dont we?6)陈述部分的谓语是used to 时，疑问部分用didnt +主语 或 usednt + 主语。 He used to take pictures there, didnt he? / usednt he?7) 陈述部分有had better + v. 疑问句部分用hadnt you? Youd better read it by yourself, hadnt you?8) 陈述部分有would rather +v.，疑问部分多用 wouldnt +主语。 He would rather read it ten times than recite it, wouldnt he?9) 陈述部分有Youd like to +v. 疑问部分用wouldnt +主语。 Youd like to go with me, wouldnt you?10) 陈述部分有must 的疑问句，疑问部分根据实际情况而定。 He must be a doctor, isnt he? You must have studied English for three years, havent you? didnt you? He must have finished it yesterday, didnt he?11) 感叹句中，疑问部分用be +主语。 What colors, arent they? 12) 陈述部分由neither nor, either or 连接的并列主语时， 疑问部分 根据其实际逻辑意义而定。 Neither you nor I am engineer, are we?13) 陈述部分主语是指示代词或不定代词everything, that, nothing, this, 疑问部分主语用it。 Everything is ready, isnt it?14) 陈述部分为主语从句或并列复合句，疑问部分有三种情况：a. 并列复合句疑问部分，谓语动词根据邻近从句的谓语而定。 Mr. Smith had been to Beijing for several times; he should have been in China then , shouldnt he?b. 带有定语从句，宾语从句的主从复合句，疑问部分谓语根据主 句的谓 语而定： He is not the man who gave us a talk, is he? He said he wanted to visit Japan, didnt he?c. 上述部分主句谓语是think, believe, expect, suppose, imagine等引导 的宾语从句(尤其当主句主语是第一人称时)，疑问部分与宾语从句 相对应构成反意疑问句。 I dont think he is bright, is he? We believe she can do it better, cant she?15) 陈述部分主语是不定代词everybody, anyone, somebody, nobody, no one 等，疑问部分常用复数they，有时也用单数he。 Everyone knows the answer, dont they? (does he?) Nobody knows about it, do they? (does he?)16)带情态动词dare或need的反意疑问句，疑问部分常用 need (dare ) + 主语。 We need not do