中考英语复习之动词.ppt

中考语法复习 动词 动词的考点 一 动词的分类 三 动词的语态 二 动词的时态 四 非谓语动词 一 动词的分类 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 一 实义动词 本身意义不完整 需要接宾语才能使其意思完整 Ilikethebook 2 自身意思完整 无需接宾语 Birdscanfly 及物动词 不及物动词 实义动词主要考察词义辨析 1 有些动词后面可跟不定式作宾补 asksb not todosthtellsb not todosthwantsb not todotsth 2 有些动词后面可跟双宾语 间宾置前时 相应加上介词to或for givesbsth giveshtetosbbuysbsth buysthforsbteachsbsth 3 有些动词后面只可跟动词 ing 不可跟动词不定式 enjoydoingsthminddoingsth 行为动词 4 有些动词后面可跟不定式也可跟动词 ing 但其义不同 rememberdoingsthRemembertodosth forgetdoingsthforgettodosth likedoingsthliketodosth stopdoingsthstoptodosth 有些动词宾语后面可跟动词 也可跟动词原形 其义大不同 watchsb sthdoingsthwatchsb sthdosth seesb sthdoingsthseesb sthdosth 行为动词 返回 词义辨析 1 表 习惯做某事 表 过去常常做某事 表 被用来做什么 be get usedtodoing usedtodo beusedtodo Pens write I gettingupearly I getupearly areusedto amusedto usedto 词义辨析 2 大地点 小地点 地点名词 是及物动词 地点名词 arrivein arriveat getto reach 词义辨析 3 表 借入 from 表 借出 to 表 长时间的借 borrow lend keep 词义辨析 4 表 给某人穿衣服 表 穿上 强调动作 表 穿着 戴着 强调状态 dresssb puton wear 词义辨析 5 看见 表结果 看 表动作 不及物 看 比赛 电视 看 书 报 表阅读 see look at watch read 词义辨析 6 带来 拿来 拿去 带走 扛 搬 用力移动 无方向 去取 去拿 表往返拿物 bring take carry fetch get 词义辨析 7 死 不及物动词 死的 形容词 表状态 死 名词 垂死的 形容词 die dead death dying 词义辨析 8 说 语言 发言 说 内容 及物 谈论某事 谈论某人 告诉 speak say talkaboutsth talkto with sb tell 词义辨析 9 花钱 时间 人做主语 花钱 人做主语 花钱 物做主语 花时间 物做主语 spend pay cost take 词义辨析 10 寻找 强调过程 找到 强调结果 找出 查明 起因 听 强调过程 听到 强调结果 lookfor find findout listen to hear 词义辨析 11 thegame 赢 thegame 输 sb 打败 某人 inthegame 失败 win lose beat defeat fail 词义辨析 12 表 丢失 失去 表 忘记 表 把某物落在某处 lose forget leave 词义辨析 13 表 想到 表 考虑 表 仔细考虑 thinkof thinkabout thinkover 词义辨析 14 表 加入 表 参加 活动 表 出席 会议 join theparty takepartin attend ameeting 词义辨析 15 red dark cold short long turn get grow get become get Choosethebestanswer 1 Howmuchmoneydidyou onthedictionary 29yuan A payB spendC costD take Choosethebestanswer 2 It almost10yearstobuildPanzhihuaErtanpowerstation thesecondlargestpowerstationinAsia A spentB tookC costD paid Choosethebestanswer Choosethebestanswer 3 Wouldyouplease theTV Icanhardlyheartheconversationbetweenthetwospeakers A turnonB turnupC turnoffD turndown Choosethebestanswer 4 TomandJim friendssincetheymeteachotherforthefirsttimefiveyearsago A wereB havebecomeC havemadeD havebeen Choosethebestanswer 5 I mafraidtheotherstudentswill mebecauseIcan tanswerthequestion A laughatB hearfromC agreewithD waitfor Choosethebestanswer 6 Nancy don talways thatoldjacket Itlooksterrible ButIthinkit scool Mom A wearB dressC putonD takeoff Choosethebestanswer 7 Nofreeplasticbagsinthesupermarkethelpsto whitepollution A reduceB removeC provideD produce Choosethebestanswer 8 Iamgreatlyinterestedinthispainting Somethinginit thepainter sdeeplovefornature A expectsB discussesC expressesD imagines Choosethebestanswer 9 Oh I veleftmyschoolbagintheclassroom Don tworry I ll itforyou A bringB getC takeD carry Choosethebestanswer 10 WhataniceMP3 Isityours Ofcourse I 180yuanonit A costB tookC spentD paid Choosethebestanswer 11 There stoomuchsunshine Yeah We dbetter sunglasses A putawayB putonC takeoffD takeout Choosethebestanswer 12 Thedoctor a boyyesterday A hadsaved dyingB saved deadC hassaved deadD saved dying 二 系动词 表 状态 look seem taste smell feel sound be keep stay 2 表 变化 1 系动词 形容词2 用法辨析 turn get grow fall become come go Choosethebestanswer 1 Thewater coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise A wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels 系动词不用于被动语态 Choosethebestanswer Choosethebestanswer 2 Heshookhishead andlooked whenhewastoldthebadnews A sadly sadlyB sad sadC sadly sadD sad sadly Choosethebestanswer Choosethebestanswer 3 Ilovetogototheforestinsummer It goodtowalkintheforestorsitintheshadeoftrees A doesB feelsC getsD makes Choosethebestanswer 4 Iwaswonderingifwecouldgoskatingontheweekend good A SoundB SoundedC SoundingD Sounds Choosethebestanswer 状态变化系动词 go come turn grow fall getbecome Choosethebestanswer 1 Thediscussion alivewhenaninterestingtopicwasbroughtin A wascomingB hadcomeC hascomeD came 2 Thetrafficlights greenandIpulledaway A cameB grewC gotD turned 3 Isyourheadachegetting No it sworse A betterB badC lessD well 4 Wouldyouadvisemeonhowtostay Trytoliveregularly eatmorevegetablesandbeinagoodstateofmind A healthB healthyC healthilyD morehealthily 5 Thedoglooked Theboylooked atthepoordog A dead sadB dying sadlyC deadly sadlyD dying sad 6 Thecloththatsheboughtlooks feels andsells A beautiful soft wellB beauty softly wellC beautifully softly goodD beautiful soft good 三 情态动词 情态动词用法辨析 一 can could beabletoI can1 表 能力 Hecanspeakfivelanguages 2 表 许可 mayCan May Icomein 3 表 可能性 Canitbetrue 一 can could beableto 4 beableto与can的比较A 表示能力时可通用Noonecan isabletodoit B beableto可用于任何时态 I msorryIhaven tbeenabletoansweryourletter C 表经努力办到某事 用beableto Afteryearsofhardworkhewasabletowintheprize 一 can could beableto2 could1 could是can的过去时 可用来较委婉 客气地提出问题或陈述看法 Couldyoucomealittleearlier 2 can和could表示某人或某物一时的特点 译为 有可能 有时会 Hecanbeveryfriendly Hecouldbeveryproud 二 may might1 表许可 译为 可以 正式场合 Youmaytakethebookhome 2 表示推测 或许 可能 Itmayraintomorrow 3 表示祝愿Mayyousucceed 4 might may的过去式 但might表可能性较小 或表更婉转语气 Jimmay might lendyoumoney MightIaskaquestion 三 must haveto need1 must的用法 1 必须 否定表禁止 回答其问句用needn t或don thaveto Imustleaveat9 Mustwehanditintoday Yes youmust No youneedn t don thaveto 三 must haveto need1 must的用法 2 must还可表示一种推断和揣测 must do对现在事实的猜测 must havedone对过去事实的猜测 Youmustbejoking Ican tfindmykey Imusthaveleftitinthebus 三 must haveto need2 must与haveto的比较 A haveto 客观情况 must 主观看法 Imustlearnanotherforeignlanguage Youhavetolearnanotherforeignlanguageifyouwanttoworkhere B haveto用于不同时态 must不行 WewillhavetobuyanotherTVset 三 must haveto need3 need的用法 1 作情态动词用时 用于疑问或否定句 回答need问句时 肯定用must 否定用needn t don thaveto Youneednotdoanythinghere NeedIgososoon Yes youmust No youneedn t don thaveto 三 must haveto need3 need的用法 2 need用做行为动词时的用法 Ineedtobuyanewdictionary Mybikeneedsrepairing needstoberepaired 四 will和would的用法 1 表示 意愿 Shewon tlendmethemoney 2 表 邀请 或 请求 Willyougivemeapieceofpaper 3 would比will语气更温婉 Wouldlikesomethingtoeat 五 shall should的用法A shall的用法用于第一人称 表示征求意见 ShallIturnonthelight B should的用法表示劝告 建议 Youshouldstudythearticlecarefully 2 表示推测 译为 可能 应该 该 Heshouldarriveatnoon Choosethebestanswer 1 Whereisourheadteacher Mr Li He beintheoffice Isawhimtherejustoneortwominutesago A canB mayC mightD must Choosethebestanswer 2 ShallItellhimthenewsafterclass You I vetoldhimalready A can tB mustn tC shouldn tD needn t Choosethebestanswer 3 Mrs Wang Linglingcametoseeyoujustnow It beLingling She sgonetoHongKong A canB can tC mustD mustn t Choosethebestanswer 4 Annahasn tcometoschooltoday Ithinkshe beill A canB hastoC mayD should Choosethebestanswer 5 IsMr Smithswimminginthepool Harry It behim Isawhimgotothelibraryjustnow A maynotB can tC needn tD mustn t Choosethebestanswer 6 Willyouanswerthetelephone It beyourmother Sorry I I mbusy A can mustn tB will can tC may can tD need will Choosethebestanswer 7 Tony gototheoperaonSaturdaybecausehe sgoingtohaveameeting A can tB mightC mustn tD should Choosethebestanswer 8 Bepolite You talktotheoldlikethat A couldn tB needn tC mustn tD wouldn t Choosethebestanswer 9 Look It bethenewwomanmanager It beher ShehasjustleftforShanghai A can mustn tB must can tC must mustn tD can t must Choosethebestanswer 10 Ihitatreeonthewaytomeetmyfriendattherailwaystation I msureyou havebeendrivingtoofast A needB shouldC willD must Choosethebestanswer 11 Mum Igoouttoplay Yes youcan Butyoumustfinishyourhomeworkfirst A mustB mayC willD need Choosethebestanswer 12 Schools allowstudentsatleastonehouradayforsports A wouldB mightC shouldD could Choosethebestanswer 13 Ben don tdrivetoofast You hitothers car A mayB mustC havetoD need Choosethebestanswer 14 Iwastoldtobeherebeforeeight Oh you I msorryfornottellingyouthatwehavechangedtheplan A mustB can tC mayD needn t Choosethebestanswer 15 NevertouchmycomputerwhileI maway I A shouldn tB mustn tC won tD don t Choosethebestanswer 16 Idon tmindtellingyouwhatIknow You I mnotaskingyouforit A needn tB mustn tC maynotD can t Choosethebestanswer 117 Let sgotoTaishanParkbytaxi It snotfar We takeataxi A needn tB can tC mustn tD couldn t 二 动词时态 一般现在时 主 V原 V e s 1 经常性或习惯性的动作时间标志 every always often sometimes at neveronSundays onceaweekusually 2 客观真理 客观存在 科学事实 主将从现 第三人称单数的构成 规则变化 s s s es es es es es es 变y为i再加 es ies ies 肯定 否定 疑问 她经常在回家前完成作业 Sheoftenfinishesherhomeworkbeforeshegoeshome Shedoesn tfinishherhomeworkbeforeshegoeshome Doessheoftenfinishherhomeworkbeforeshegoeshome 谓语是行为动词时 否定和疑问句要借助助动词do或does 原来的行为动词要用原形 1 A Howoften sheexercise B Twiceaweek A doB doesC doing2 I liketodrinkmilk A notB doesn tC don t3 Goodfoodandexercise metostudybetter A helpB helpsC helping4 IwillletyouknowaboutitassoonasI thenews A willgetB getsC get 5 Healways schoolearlyand homelate A goto comesbacktoB goesto comebackC goesto comesback6 she eatingmooncakes A Is likeB Do likeC Does like7 DoesWangLi Englishwell A speakB speaksC say 一般过去时 主 V ed triedourbest 表示过去某一时刻或某一段时间内所发生的动作或情况 时间标志 yesterday thedaybeforeyesterday last ago等表示过去时间的词语 动词过去式的构成 规则变化 不规则变化见BOOK3 ed d 变y为i再加ed 双写尾词加ed ed ed d d ped ped 肯定 否定 疑问 Tom刚才打了电话给她 Tomrangherjustnow Tomdidn tringherjustnow DidTomringherjustnow 谓语是行为动词时 否定和疑问句要借助助动词did 原来的行为动词要用原形 1 Itwastoodark Sohe thelightsandbegantoreadbooks A turnedoffB turnsonC turnedon2 Thechildren attheiruncle slastnight A areB wereC was3 Iamsorrythatyouhavemissedthetrain It tenminutesago A leftB leavesC willleave 4 ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates Really When there A willtheygoB didtheygoC dotheygo5 Jimisnotcomingtonight Buthe A promisesB promisedC willpromise 一般将来时 主 is am aregoingto V原 主 will V原 1 表示将来要发生的动作或存在的状态 2 时间 条件状语从句的主句部分 主将从现 1 DoyouknowwhentheWorldCup nextweek NextFriday Whenit I llringyou A begins beginsB begins willbeginC willbegin begins2 Jimmyisleavingforaholiday Really Where he A does goB will goC did go3 ShallwegototheSandLaketomorrow Yes We llgounlessit heavily A willrainB rainedC rains 主 was weregoingto V原 过去将来时 wouldseehimoff wouldhave weregoingtohave 主 would V原 常用在宾语从句中 1 Hetoldmethathe toseeusthenextday A comesB wouldcomeC willcome2 Theteachertoldusthatthesun biggerthantheearth A isB wasC willbe3 Theplaneisleavingrightnow butJimhasn tarrivedyet Well hesaidhe hereontime AcameBwouldcomeCwillbe 现在进行时 主 is am are V ing aregettingreadyfor 表示说话者说话时正在发生的动作 表示目前一段时间内正在进行的动作 说话时动作不一定正在进行 现在分词的构成 ing ing ing 去掉e ing 先双写最后一个辅音字母 ing ting ing ing 1 WhereisJames He withhisbrother A runsB willrunC isrunning2 Who inthenextroom Maryis A issingingB issingC sings3 Jimmy foraholidaytomorrow A isleavingB leavesC left4 Lookatthechildrenoverthere What A ishedoingB aretheydoingC theyaredoing 5 Look Theboystudentsare footballwhilethegirlsare A playing danceB playing dancingC play dancing6 Mr Smith shortstories buthe aTVplaythesedays A iswriting iswritingB iswriting writesC writes iswriting7 I tothecinema I thereeverySunday A go goB amgoing goC go amgoing 过去进行时 wasdoing 主 was were V ing 表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作 1 ThelasttimeI Janeshe cottoninthefields A see waspickingB saw pickedC saw waspicking2 Idon tthinkJimsawme he intospace A juststaredB wasjuststaringC hasjuststared3 IfirstmetLisathreeyearsago She ataradioshopatthetime A hasworkedB wasworkingC hadbeenworking 4 Hey watchtheflowers Oh I mterriblysorry A I mnotnoticingB Iwasn tnoticingC Idon tnotice5 ThereportersaidthattheUFO easttowestwhenhesawit A wastravelingB traveledC wastotravel6 I mybreakfastwhenthemorningpostcame A hadB washavingC havebeenhaving 现在完成时 主 have has PP haslivedin 1 I Enghishinthisschoolsince1999 A taughtB havetaughtC wouldteach2 Lilei thepenforfiveyearsA hashadB boughtChavebought3 He finishedhishomeworkyetA doesn tB haven tC hasn t4 Peterlosthisbikeyesterday he ityet A Has lookedforB Does findC Has found 5 Whoishe I before A haven theardofB didn thearofC haven theardfrom6 HaveyoueverbeentoGuangzhou No I ve beenthere A neverB everC already7 Wehaven tfinishedourhomework A alreadyB everC yet8 Haveyou learnedEnglish Yes I ve learnedalot A already everB ever neveC ever already 9 I himthesedays A haven thearfromB didn thearofC haven theardfrom10 Ihave 5 000wordssofar A learntB learnC learning11 Theoldman Chinaseveraltimesinthepast10years A hasbeentoB wentoC goesto just刚刚already已经before之前ever曾经never从来没有sofar到目前为止yet还 没有 否定句 thesedays这些天inthepast years months在过去的 年 月里 for时段since时点 现在完成时的标志词 for 时段since 时段 agosince 时点It s Ithasbeen 时段 since 一般过去时句子 1 It stenyearssinceshe A hasleftB hasbeenawayC left2 Ihavebeenhere 4years A sinceB forC from3 WehavelearntEnglish sixyearsago A sinceB forC from 4 hasbeen5yearssincewecamehere A ThereB ItC That5 It sthreeyearssincehethearmy A hasjoinedB hasbeeninC joined6 Howmanyyearsisit yougraduatedfromjuniorhighschool A sinceB forC from 短暂性动词和延续性动词 不与时间段连用 可与时间段连用 be in here there beamemberof bedead beon have beaway keep beover beopen adj beclosed bemarried 1 HowlongcanI thisbook TwoweeksA borrowB keepC lend2 Herfather in1990andherhusband formorethanfiveyears A hasdied hasdiedB hasdied deadC died hasbeendead3 Ihave thisnicewatchfortwoyears A hadB boughtC borrowed4 He hishomefortenyears A hasleftB wasawayfromC hasbeenawayfrom 5 He aLeaguememberforthreeyears A isB hasbeenC hasbecame6 Lihua sbrotherhas fortwoyears A joinedthearmyB beeninthearmyC becameasoldier7 Hehasn t fromGuangzhoueversinceheleftschoolA leftB beenawayC beenleft8 Betty herefortwohours She hereat8 00thismorning A hasbeen cameB hasbeen hascomeC was came 8 Thefilm forfiveminutes A beganB hasbeenonC hasbegun6 Youaretoolate Theshop formanyhours A closedB hasbeenclosedC hasclosed7 Mary Tomin2000 They for8years A married havebeenmarriedB married havemarriedC marries havebeenmarried 短语辨析 HehasbeentoShanghaithreetimes HehasbeeninShanghaifortenyears HehasgonetoShanghaiandhaven tcomebackyet 在某地 多长时间 现在仍在那里 常与时段连用 曾去过某地 次 现在已不在那里 可与just ever never等连用 去了 还没有回来 1 MayIspeaktoKen Sorry heisout He seehisteacher A goestoB hasbeentoC hasgoneto2 Ourteacher heresince2004 A hasbeeninB hasbeentoC hasbeen3 Haveyouever Huangshan Yes I vebeentheretwice A beentoB beeninC goneto4 Where sDaming He theteachers office A hasbeentoB havegonetoC hasgoneto 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 lost havelost 表示动作发生的时间在过去没有说明现在的情况 表示过去的动作一直延续到现在甚至会继续下去 或表示过去的动作对现在造成的影响 1 Ihaveseenthefilm Titanic already When you it Thedaybeforeyesterday A have seenB will seeC did see2 MrBlack inChinasincefiveyearsago A livedB haslivedC lives3 We treeslastSunday Sofarwe over3 000treesthere A planted plantedB planted haveplantedC haveplanted planted 过去完成时 主 had PP hadstarted hadlearnt bytheendof 1 IlostthebookI A haveboughtB hadboughtC hadbeenbought2 ThebushadgonewhenI thebusstop A havearrivedB arrivedC hadarrived3 Tom ofvisitinghisgrandmother butthebadweathermadehimchangehismind A hasthoughtB thoughtC hadthought 4 DidyoumeetTomattheairport No he bythetimeI there A hasleft gotB hadleft arrivedC left arrived5 I tocometohelpyou Butyoudidn tcomeA havemeantB hadmeantC meant6 FinallyMarywasadmittedbyBeijingUniversityforwhichshe fivetimes A hadtriedB wastryingC hastried 时态总结 三 动词的语态 be 动词的过去分词 动作谁做的不知道 ThewatchismadeinChina 2 说出谁做的没必要 Moretreesmustbeplanted 3 动作承受者很重要 Chineseisspokenbymanypeople 主动语态和被动语态的转换 Weaskedhimtosingasong Hewasaskedtosingasong byus 2 Shegavemeabook Iwasgivenabook byher Abookwasgiventome byher 考点一 主动语态和被动语态的转换 4 Hemakesthegirlstayathome Thegirlismadetostayathomebyhim 省略的to要还原 3 Weshouldspeaktooldmenpolitely Oldmanshouldbespokentopolitely 介词不可省略 考点二 考点三 不使用被动语态的情况 系动词用主动结构表被动意义 Mooncakestastedelicious 2 write read sell等词作不及物动词时 他们的主语为物 可用主动语态表被动意义 Thepenwritessmoothly Theshirtsellswell 3 Mybikeneedsmending Mybikeneedstobemended 考点四 考点五 考点六 Theywon tbebackuntilthework A doB doesC isdoneD willdo 2 Morethanoneanswer tothequestion A havegivenB hadgivenC weregivenD hasbeengiven 3 Howdoyoulikethematerial 材料 Verymuch It soft A feelsB isfeltC isfeelingD felt 4 MrGreenisveryangrywithyou Hesaysyou awayifyou relateagain A aresendingB hasbeensentC aregoingtosendD willbesent 5 Theoldshould inourcountry A takegoodcareofB betakengoodcareofC aretakegoodcareofD betakegoodcareof 6 Theguidesaidthatmuchattentionmust thesedetails A payB bepaidC paytoD bepaidto 7 Didyougototheconcertyesterday No I A didn tinviteB haven tinvitedC wasn tinvitedD amnotinvited 8 HowmanycakescanIhave Mum None dear They foryourfather A prepareB preparedC havepreparedD wereprepared 9 It ssaidthattheOlympicTorchRelaywill inJulyinBaotou A holdB beheldC holdingD tohold 10 Thingsshould herebeforeyouentertheGreatMuseum A keepsB keepC bekeptD arekept 11 Howcleanthewindowis Yes It justnow A hasbeencleanedB wascleanedC iscleanedD willbecleaned 12 It ssaidinthenewspaperthat215morenewschools inZhengzhouby2020 A arebuildingB werebuiltC havebuiltD willbebuilt 13 Doyouoftencleanyourclassroom Yes ourclassroom everyday A cleanB cleanedC IscleanedD cleans 14 David turnofftheTV nooneiswatchingit Butit offalready Themusicisfromtheradio A sothat hasbeenturnedB when hasturnedC if hasbeenturnedD because hasturned 15 Whenyouleavetheroom makesurethedoor A waslockedB islockedC willbelockedD shouldbelocked 四 非谓语动词 动词不定式 动名词 分词 todo doing doingdone 名词形容词副词 名词 形容词副词 Toseeistobelieve Helikestoplay Heaskedmetogo Ihavealottodo I mheretomeetyou Seeingisbelieving Ilikeplaying aninterestingbookabrokencupTheycamein singing Seeingfromthehill ourschoollooksnice 不定式和动名词作宾语 通常加不定式作宾语wanttogo2 磕破头死了也要爱父母啊 keep practice suggest enjoy finish mind avoid doing3 todo doing remember forget stop goon 不定式和动名词作宾语补足语 通常加不定式作宾补wanthimtogo2 使役动词let make have sb do havesb dohavesb doinghavesth done3 感官动词 五看两听一感觉 look at see watch notice observe listen to hear feel sb do doing 4 keep find sb doing 1 Don tlethim outaloneatnight Heisyoungandwillbefrightened A goB goesC togoD going 2 Myfatherisnotgoodatcooking Heoftenasksmymother A tohelphimB tobehelpedC nottohelphimD howtohelphim 3 Inordertowinthefirstplaceinthecontest hepracticed theEnglishsong buthefounditdifficult thelyrics A tosing torememberB tosing rememberingC singing torememberD singing remembering 4 MrGreenaskedustostop Sowestopped tohimatonce A talking listeningB totalk listeningC talking tolistenD totalk tolisten 5 WhatshouldwedotofightH1N1flu Weshouldwashhandsoften avoid tocrowdedplacesandsoon A goB g