Reading -- 主旨大意.ppt

高考英语专题复习系列 读写模块 ReadingComprehension 阅读理解主要考查形式 1 细节理解题 Detail 2 推理判断题 Inference 3 主旨大意题 Mainidea 4 词义猜测题 Wordsguessing 主旨大意题 Howtogetthemainidea 常见提问形式有 1 Thesubject topicofthearticleis 2 Whichofthefollowingbestexpressesthemainideaofthepassage 3 Whatdoesthepassage authormainlydiscuss 4 What sthemainpoint mainidea centralthoughtofthepassage 5 Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage 干扰项具有如下特点 1 以偏概全 干扰项只阐述了文章的一部分内容 也就是文章的局部信息 2 断章取义 干扰项常常以文章中的个别信息或个别字眼作为选项的设置内容 或者以次要的事实或细节冒充全文的主要观点 3 主题扩大 干扰项所归纳 概括的范围过大 超过文章实际所讨论的内容 4 无关信息 既在文章中没有提到或找不到语言依据的信息 正确选项的特点 概括全文 内容全面 含义深刻 说明道理的选项一般是答案项 四个选项中 内容相近或完全相反的两个选项中往往有一个是正确选项 Howtogetthemainideaofapassage Task1 Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld Over70percentoftheworld sradioprogramsareinEnglish thetopicsentenceisatthefirstsentence paragraph Sample 注意一些标志性的词语 asaresult onthewhole inshort therefore asfarasIamconcernedIagreewiththeopinionthat Givenallthesepointsabove Iwouldsupporttheideathat Forallthereasonsmentionedabove Iwouldprefer however while but PleaseunderlinethetopicsentencesofPassagesA DPleaseshareyouranswerswithyourgroupmembersifyouhavefinished Drawaconclusion 总结 PractiseNow Task2 PassageAPeoplehavedifferenttastesinfood Somefeelthattheyhaven teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti eggplant andfreshfruit Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast foods ahamburgerorhotdog Frenchfriesandasoftdrink Conclusion 主题句在段首主题句位于段首是由作者先立论 后摆事实 讲道理的写作手法 在议论文 科技文献和新闻报道中60 90 的主题句是段落的第一句 段落模式可用倒三角来表示 Conclusion 主题句在段首有些段落有明显的引出细节的信息词 常见的有 forexample anexampleof themostimportantexample first second next then last finally tobeginwith also besidesthat等 PassageBNothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark Infact themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout 主题句在短文中间当主题句被安排在段中间时 通常前面只提出问题 文中的主题由随之陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 而后又作进一步的解释 支撑或发展 段落模式可用菱形来表示 Conclusion PassageCSomestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass Notasingleteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime Conclusion 主题句在段末一般说来 当一种观点不易向人解释清楚 或不易被人接受时 主题句便会到段落的末尾才出现 当作者想要说服读者听信其言时 一般采用此格式组织句子 作者通常采用了先摆事实 后做结论的手法 段落模式可用正三角来表示 PassageDLifein2035willbedifferentfromwhatitistoday Foronething youwillsleeplaterbecauseyourjobwillstartlaterinthemorning Too machineswilldomostofyourroutineworkforyou Also youwilltraveltoworkonamovingsidewalk Furthermore youwilltalktoyourfriendsonapicturetelephone Finally youwilltakelongervacationsinmoredistantplacessincetransportationwillbesomuchfasterandcheaper Certainlyallofuscanlookforwardtomanynewadvantagesinthecoming30years Conclusion 主题句在首句和尾句 ChoosethebestanswerforpassageE F Pleaseshareyouranswerswithyourgroupmembersifyouhavefinished PractiseNow Task3 PassageETomstudiedfouryearsattheUniversityofParisanddecidedtoleavebeforehisgraduation HetransferredtotheUniversityofBerlinandgraduatedwithhonors HarvardLawSchooland later BostonCollegeprovidedhimwithanexcellentlegalbackground HeispresentlyacorporationlawyerinMiami Florida Themainideaofthisparagraphisthat A Tom whohadstudiedatParisUniversitiesforfouryears movedtoanotheruniversity B TombecamealawyersincehisgraduationfromHarvardLawSchoolandlaterfromBostonCollege C TomwasanexcellentstudentwhenhestudiedatBerlinuniversity D Tomreceivedanexcellenteducation detail detail detail Conclusion 主题句隐含在段意之中有些段落没有明显的主题句 其中心思想包含在各个句子中 这就需要依据已知细节 归纳出段落的中心思想 段落模式可用正方形来表示 passageFAneweight kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem Aspartoftheproject twofour kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand ontheinsideofthetunnel aconcretelining Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat alongthelengthofthetunnel Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones Thepassageismainlyabout A theconstructionofaroadB thedesignofaroadC theconstructionoftwotunnelsD thedesignoftwotunnels Aneweight kilometerroadisunderconstructionthatlinkstheportareawithmotorwaysystem Aspartoftheproject twofour kilometerroadtunnelsarebeingbuiltbelowthecentralareaofthecity Thetwotunnelsareabout20metersbelowthesurfaceandare12meterswide providingfortwolanesoftrafficineachdirection Intheupperpartofthetunneltwoair conditioningpipesremovethewastegasoftrucksandcarsandkeepthequalityofairinsidethetunnel Thelightingisatthetopofthetunnel Thewallismadeupoffourmainelements whichincludeawaterproofingcoveringand ontheinsideofthetunnel aconcretelining Eachtunnelisroughlyroundandthelowerpartofthetunnelissomewhatflat alongthelengthofthetunnel Thefiremainisatthesideofthetunnelandattheleveloftheroadsurface Othersystemsinthetunnelwillincludeemergencyphones 从段落中寻找高频词 任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的 因此许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词 即高频词 也叫做主题词 Conclusion 1 FinishpassageA B2 Thencheckyouranswerswithyourgroupmembersifyouhavefinished 3 Sharewitheachotherwhyyouchoosetheanswersifyouhavedifferentopinions Let sdomoreexercises Task4 Whenherfivedaughterswereyoung HeleneAnalwaystoldthemthattherewasstrengthinunity 团结 HeleneAnandherfamilyownalargerestaurant Eventuallythegirlsallgraduatedfromcollege Ourmothertaughtusthattosucceedwemusthaveunity Theirexpandingbusinessbecamealargecorporation andtheyworkedtogether Nowtheyareabigsuccess A 2015年安徽高考 63 Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthepassage HowtoRunaCorporationStrengthComesfromPeaceC HowtoAchieveaBigDreamD FamilyUnityBuildsSuccess Whetherinthehomeortheworkplace socialrobotsaregoingtobecomealotmorecommoninthenextfewyears socialrobotswillbemuchmorelikecompanionsthanmeretools TheJiborobot arrangedtoshiplaterthisyear isdesignedtobeapersonalizedassistant Theyhavepotentialapplicationsineverythingfromeducationtohealthcareandarealreadyfindingtheirwayintoso