写作摸版启、承、转、合.ppt

1 启 启动观点承 内容承接转 语义转折合 总结概括 启 承 转 合 2 启 启动观点开头段Nowadays aheateddebateisspringingupasto Whenitcomesto Asisshowninthepicture tableabove Withthedevelopmentof Itisgenerallybelievedthat 启 承 转 合 3 承 内容承接拓展段首先 第一 firstly aboveall tobeginwith firstandforemost inthefirstplace ontheonehand foronething其次 第二 secondly besides inaddition furthermore moreover what smore inthesecondplace ontheotherhand foranother最后 第三 atlast thelastbutnottheleast evenmore evenworse moreimportantly 启 承 转 合 4 承 内容承接拓展段中间过渡 inthemeantime meanwhile asamatteroffact infact actually obviously undoubtedly nodoubt inparticular tobespecific similarly luckily inotherwords atthesametime thesameisalsotrueof for forinstance forexample 启 承 转 合 5 转 语义转折拓展段转折 however otherwise nevertheness conversely onthecontrary unfortunately unlike whereas yet bycontrast instead thereverseisalsotrue 启 承 转 合 6 合 总结概括结尾段因此 accordingly consequently asaconsequence asaresult therefore thus hence总之 byandlarge ingeneral onthewhole generallyspeaking结论 inshort inbrief inaword inconclusion tosumup onthebasisoftheanalysisabove wecandrawaconclusionthat givenalltheabovefactors withtheadvantagesanddisadvantagesweighed 启 承 转 合 7 七 写作的八大问题及对策6 语言的修补纠错问题检查流程的6个环节 1 主谓一致2 时态 议论文常采用现在时3 冠词 a an the4 名词单复数5 介词搭配6 拼写错误 8 七 写作的八大问题及对策7 语言的升级替换问题表明 揭示 showindicate reveal reflect demonstrate conveythemessagethat imply suggest illustrate重要的 importantbeofgreatimportance significant vital essential critical crucial playarolein shouldbetakenseriously importanceshouldbeattachedto 9 七 写作的八大问题及对策7 语言的升级替换问题极大的 greatincreaseSharp dramatic significant enormous numerous considerable profound认为 thinkBelieve beconvinced suppose assume guess reckon insist maintain argue claim inone sopinion beoftheopinion viewthat holdtheviewthat asfaras beconcerned inmyeyes 10 七 写作的十大问题及对策8 语言的书写问题书写工整 11 起始段写法拓展段写法结尾段写法 第二部分段落 十种段落句型 12 一 话题引出段 现象 现状说明段Nowadays Currently thereisagreat wide widespreadconcernovertheissueof Peopleingrowingnumbersaredirectingtheirattentionto Withthedevelopmentof theissue problemof hasarouseddeepconcernfromthepublic Withtherapidlygrowingpopularityof inchina thequalityofourlivesisimprovingforthebetter Thereisapubliccontroversynowadaysovertheissueof Thosewhoobjectto arguethat Butpeoplewhofavor ontheotherhand arguethat 起始段写法 2种 13 一 话题引出段 现象 现状说明段6 Withtherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology thequalityofourlivesisimprovingforthebetter 7 Withtherapidgrowthofoureconomy marketeconomy anincreasingnumberofproblems suchas arebeginningtosurface emerge occur anincreasingnumberofpeoplecometorealizethat 8 Whenitcomesto people snotionmayvaryfromonetoanother 9 whenitcomesto mostpeoplebelivethat Butotherpeoplearguethat 起始段写法 2种 14 一 话题引出段 现象 现状说明段10 hasbecomeanincreasinglyimportantissueoverwhichopinionisdivided 11 Differentpeoplehavedifferentattitudestowards Someareinfavorof whileothersareagainst 12 Onethingthatalmosteveryoneisagreedon includingallofus isthat 13 AsfarasI mconcerned Iaminclindedtosupportthelatterviewthat 14 Itisastrikingfactthat Itisaundenyingthat Itisinescapablefactthat 起始段写法 2种 15 一 观点对比段Currently oppositeviewsarepresentedinthedebate Somepeoplefirmlybelievethat Onthecontrary quiteafewpeoplearguethat 拓展段写法 5种 16 二 利弊列举段Everycoinhastwosidesandthisissueisnoexception Aboveall Inaddition However thenegativeelementsshouldnotbeneglectednotonly butalso evenworse 拓展段写法 5种 17 三 举例论证段ForinstanceTake foraexampleAcaseinpointis Thethought provokingsayingcanbebestillustratedbythefollowingexamples 拓展段写法 5种 18 四 原因列举段1 Whyshouldthisphenomenontakeplace Therearegenerallythreefactorsaccountingforit 2 Consideringeveryaspectoftheissue wemayattributethesharpchangetothreefactors 拓展段写法 5种 19 五 意义阐释段Thepurposeofthispictureistoshowusthatdueattentionhastobepaidto Thefact phenomenonthat indicates revealsthat Whatisconveyedinthepicturegoesfarbeyondmerelyanissueof Instead itcarriesthemessagethat 拓展段写法 5种 20 一 归纳结论段Asaresult consequence Inconclusion Inmyopinion AsfarasIamconcerned Onthebasisof takingintoaccountallthefactorsabove wemaydrawaconclusionthat Troughtheabove mentionedanalysis wehavenodifficultiesindrawingtheconclusionthat Fromtheabovediscussion wecaneasilyconcludethatbothproponentsandopponentsof havetheirrespectivereasonsandjustifications However asasupporter opponentof Iwouldliketostandby support aproveof 结论段写法 3种 21 二 预测趋势段Thereisnodenyingthatthetendencyofincrease declinereflectedfromthechartwillcontinueinthefuture 结论段写法 3种 22 一 观点对比型基本模式 热门话题 利弊共存 观点针锋相对 考生阐述个人见解WheretoLive IntheCityortheCountry Outline 1 Conveniencesofthecity2 Attractionsofthecountry3 Disadvantagesofboth4 Mypreference 第三部分作文四大主题题型 23 一 观点对比型WheretoLive IntheCityortheCountry 都市生活优势发达的教育 advancedlevelofeducation 便捷的交通 convenienttransportation 繁荣的商业 prosperousbusiness 丰富的文化娱乐 richculturallife 第三部分作文四大主题题型 24 一 观点对比型WheretoLive IntheCityortheCountry 乡村生活优势closetonature freshair quietandrelaxing idyllicandsimplewayoflife carefree都市生活劣势polluted crowded noisy pressures temptations 第三部分作文四大主题题型 25 乡村生活劣势boring idle sluggish isolatedfromtheoutsideworld inconvenientdailylife我的选择自由选择 但是必须声明喜好原因 自圆其说 一 观点对比型 26 观点对比型作文模板Topic Topic 参考 的内容 Whenitcomesto differentpeopleholddifferentviews 两种观点针对的争论焦点 Somecontendthat 观点一 Foronething 观点一的理由1 Foranother 观点二的理由2 Inspiteofalltheseclaims othersmaintainthat 与观点一对立的观点二 Theypointoutthat 观点二的理由1 Anotherinstancecitedoftenisthat 观点二的理由2 It snoeasytasktofindasatisfactoryanswertotheissue Asforme there ssometruthtobotharguments It sadvisableto 个人的结论 一 观点对比型 27 句型参考 Theadvantagesfaroutweighthedisadvantages Obviously ithasbothnegativeeffectsandpositiveeffects Thereareadvantagesanddisadvantages Likeanythingelse ithasitsfaults NothingcanequalNothingismore than 一 观点对比型 28 句型参考 两者相同Aisnot anymorethanBThesameistrueofAandBhaveseveralthingsincommonAbearssomeresemblancestoB两者不同A whereasB AandBdifferinseveralways 一 观点对比型 29 补充练习Whichtocelebrate WestFestivalsorChineseFestivals Cyber caf ABlessingorCurse PrivateCars AdvantagesorDisadvantages 一 观点对比型 30 基本模式 以阐释现象 分析原因 阐述观点为主AdvertisementsonTVTopicsentence Today moreandmoreadvertisementsareseenonTVscreen Outline 1 currentstate现状2 reasons原因3 Mycomments我的评论 二 现象阐释型 31 Cultures NationalandInternationalOutline 1describethepictureandinterpretitsmeaning 2 giveyourcommentsonthephenomenon 图画作文的审题方式 以小见大 把握象征意义 二 现象阐释型 32 Cultures NationalandInternational写作提纲 第一段 详细描述图画信息 外貌 表情 服饰 第二段 图画揭示 随着中国国际地位不断提高 博大精深的中国文化吸引外国友人 通过文化交流 民族文化具有世界意义第三段 提出文化交流使不同文化相互取长补短 共同发展 同时也提高了不同国家人民的审美情趣 开阔了视野 二 现象阐释型 33 第一段 ThepicturevividlydepictsalovelyAmericangirldressedintraditionalChinesecostumewithasweetsmileonherface Shewearsapearlnecklace colorfulribbon earrings andotheraccessoriesthatarecharacteristicoftheclothesofaChineseminoritynationality Undoubtedly thecostumehasaddedorientalglamourtoherbeautifulfeatures 二 现象阐释型 34 第二段 ThepicturetellsthattraditionalChinesecultureappealstoforeigner SincethesuccessfulapplicationforhostingtheOlympicGamesin2008andtheentranceintoWorldTradeOrganizatin Chinahasattractedmoreandmoreattentionintheinternationalcommunity 二 现象阐释型 35 第三段 Chinesecivilization acreationofunremittingeffortsover5000years appealstoforeignerstosuchadegreethattheyappreciatenotonlyourfoodbutalsoourcostumes artsandsoonaswell Chinesecultureisnotonlynationalbutalsointernational 二 现象阐释型 36 第四段 Culturalexchangecertainlyhasmuchtooffer Itisbynomeansaprocessoflosingone sownculturetoaforeignculture buttheoneofenchinganation sownculture Itcanbesaidthatculturalexchangewillnotresultinthedisappearanceoftheparticularfeaturesofeachculture Onthecontrary byexchangingandcommunicating peopleallovertheworldcouldlearnfromeachother Thus thevisionofpeoplewillbebroadenedandtheirtasteforartsimproved Thereisnodoubtthatculturalexchangebetweenpeoplesandnationsishelpfultoeachcultureandeachcountry 二 现象阐释型 37 现象解释型作文模板Topic Topic 参考 的内容 Recently 描述现象 引起话题 Whatamazesusmostis 表现较为典型的一个方面 Itistruethat 对于现象做出的评论 Therearemanyreasonsexplaining 承上启下 解释这一现象的原因 Themainreasonis 说明原因一 Whatismore 原因二 Thirdly 原因三 Asaresult 讲述导致的结果 Consideringallthese 作者的态度 Foronething 观点一11Foranother 11观点二12Inconclusion 12总结全文 二 现象阐释型 38 通过漫画讽刺现实 针砭时弊 建议措施为主基本模式 摆出现实中人类所制造的社会或环境生态问题 用主题 情景 图表或漫画 让考生描述现状或图表 分析数据 推理漫画作者的真实意图并提出可能解决措施 第一段 描述情景现状 图画 图表的内容第二段 指出问题所在 作者意图 分析问题原因第三段 给出解决措施 三 问题解决型 39 世界商业捕鱼简史Outline Describethepictures Deducethepurposeofthedrawerofthepictures Suggestcounter measures 三 问题解决型 40 世界商业捕鱼简史 三 问题解决型 41 世界商业捕鱼简史第一段 Inthosepictureswecanseethatadramaticchangehastakenplaceintheworldcommercialfishinginthepastcentury Whenthefishingindustrywasnotwelldevelopedin1900 therewereplentyoffishinthesea However 1995 withanever increasingnumberoffishingboats fewfishcouldbefound Itisclearthattheabundantfishingresourcehasnearlybeenexhaustedbyover fishing 三 问题解决型 42 世界商业捕鱼简史第二段 Thedrawerofthepicturesintendstowarnusthatweshouldputanendtotheuncontrolledcommercialfishingbeforeitistoolate Wehavetotryourbesttoprotectthenaturalresourceswhiletryingtomakemoneytoliveabetterlife 三 问题解决型 43 世界商业捕鱼简史第三段 Ithinkwecantakesomeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththeproblemofover fishing Ontheonehand stricterlawsshouldbeenforcedtoconfinefishingincertainareasandseasonssothatthefishcanhaveenoughtimetoreproduceitselfinmatingseasons Ontheotherhand thegovernmentshouldhelppeoplenotonlyrealizethevalueoflimitednaturalresourcesbutalsocultivateasenseofsocialresponsibility Thus wecankeepabalancebetweenthesocialdevelopmentandtheprotectionofnaturalresources 三 问题解决型 44 问题解决型作文模板Topic Topic 参考 的内容 Withtheof 问题出现的背景 Soitisofgreatimportanceforusto 提出问题 Ontheonehand 问题的后果一 Ontheotherhand 问题的后果二 However wehavefiguredoutmany waysto 提出解决这一问题的方法 Firstly 解决方法一 Solongas 进一步说明方法一 Secondly 方法二 Thirdly 方法三 Infact 提出解决问题的根本途径11Thatisbecause 11支持 句的理由12Inaword 12总结全文 三 问题解决型 45 基本模式 作者通过情景描述 图画 主题句提出一个重要论点 往往提出的是积极的正面的思想 让考生加以举例论证 特殊情况 情景说明 举例论证段 四 观点论证型 46 四 观点论证型 47 Directions Writeanessayof160 200wordsbasedonthefollowingdrawing Inyouressay youshould1 describethedrawingbriefly 2 explainitsintendedmeaning andthen3 giveyourcomments 四 观点论证型 48 范文 第一段 Inthepicturetherearetwohandicappedmen Whenstaggeringalone eitheronecouldhardlymoveabitunlesshereliesonthecrutches However whenstandingunitedwitheachother theycanstrideahead 四 观点论证型 49 范文 第二段 Thispictureisthought provokinginthatitrevealstoustheimportanceofmutualhelp There snodoubtthatnooneissoadvantageousthathecouldsucceedinallaspects Everyone especiallywhenhegetsintotrouble needstolearnfromotherstooffsethisownweaknesssoastofulfilthemissionalmostimpossible Takethetwohandicappedmeninthepictureasanexample Don tyoubelievemutualhelpcanmakethemstandunited thusovercomethedifficultiesinwalkingforward 四 观点论证型 50 范文 第三段 OnemoreconvincingexampleisthecooperationthatwasonceheldbetweentheCommunistPartyandtheNationalistParty WhentheJapaneseinvadedChinainthe1930sand1940s thetwopartieswerebothindifficultyanddanger However puttingtheirdisagreementaside atleastforthetimebeing theyfoughttogetherandmanagedtodrivetheaggressorsawayfromthehomeland Couldsuchahugevictorybeobtainedwithonepartyfightingandtheotherstandingaside That sactuallythecasewecancomeacrossmuchofteninourlife Therefore itisofgreatimportancetocooperatewithothersandworktogetherwithothers 四 观点论证型 51 观点论证型作文模板Topic Topic 参考 的内容 Itiswellknownthat 提出观点 Thetruthofitisself evident Noonecandeny 观点的理论依据 Therefore 证明观点的正确性 Manyexamplescanbefoundtoprove 提出事实 论证观点 Takeasatypicalexample 提出具体的例子 People 人们的习惯做法 Furthermore 其他相关的事实 Itgoeswithoutsayingthat 该观点在日常生活中的体现 Then 重申该观点的正确性11Thereisnodoubtthat 11得出结论12Inconclusion 12总结全文 四 观点论证型 52 万能句型英语写作的12种句型模版万能字 词 句升级常用字 词 句升级 第四部分万能句型和句型模板 53 1 Theabove mentionedissueresultsfromthefollowingfactors Manyfactorsareresponsiblefortheproblem Tobeginwith What smore Lastbutnottheleast 2 Thereisnodoubtthat Noonecandenythat Itgoeswithoutsayingthat 3 Whenitcomestotheissue differentpeoplehavedifferentopinions 4 Justasanycoinhastwosides Ibelievethereissometruthtoboth IfIamallowedtomakeadecision Iprefer to because 5 sth isanindispensablepartofsth 万能句型 54 6 Peoplecannotimaginetheworldwithout Peoplecannotimaginewhattheworldwouldbelikewithout 7 Inmyview wehavetothinkcarefullybeforewemakethedecisionto Question1 Question2 Thesequestionsneedtobeansweredbeforewemakethefinaldecision 8 inallwalksoflife9 Asanoldsayinggoes 10 Insteadofdoingsth weshould ratherthan11 Itistruethat but eg Itistruethatwecan tdoanythingwithoutmoney butmoneyisnoteverything 12 attachgreatimportancetosth 万能句型 55 13 isahotissue14 satisfy meetone sneedsanddesires15 sth benefitsb sth dogoodtosb sb benefitfromsth sb receivebenefitfrom bysth sth it isbeneficialtosth sb 16 Thepastseveralyearshavewitnessedaphenomenonthatavarietyof havebeenarisingfromallwalksoflife 17 tryeverymeanstodosth strivetodosth 18 sb dosth whilesb othersdosth else19 itissupposedtodosth 20 playasignificantrolein 万能句型 56 英语写作的12种句型模版 1 表示原因1 Therearethreereasonsforthis 2 Thereasonsforthisareasfollows 3 Thereasonforthisisobvious 4 Thereasonforthisisnotfartoseek 5 Thereasonforthisisthat 6 Wehavegoodreasontobelievethat 例如 Therearethreereasonsforthechangesthathavetakenplaceinourlife Firstly people slivingstandardhasbeengreatlyimproved Secondly mostpeoplearewellpaid andtheycanaffordwhattheyneedorlike Lastbutnotleast moreandmorepeopleprefertoenjoymodernlife 57 英语写作的12种句型模版 2 表示好处1 Ithasthefollowingadvantages 2 Itdoesusalotofgood 3 Itbenefitsusquitealot 4 Itisbeneficialtous 5 Itisofgreatbenefittous 例如 Booksarelikefriends Theycanhelpusknowtheworldbetter andtheycanopenourmindsandwidenourhorizons Therefore readingextensivelyisofgreatbenefittous 58 英语写作的12种句型模版 3 表示坏处1 Ithasmoredisadvantagesthanadvantages 2 Itdoesusmuchharm 3 Itisharmfultous 例如 However everythingdividesintotwo Televisioncanalsobeharmfultous Itcandoharmtoourhealthandmakeuslazyifwespendtoomuchtimewatchingtelevision 59 英语写作的12种句型模版 4 表示重要 必要 困难 方便 可能1 Itisimportant necessary difficult convenient possible forsb todosth 2 Wethinkitnecessarytodosth 3 Itplaysanimportantroleinourlife 例如 Computersarenowbeingusedeverywhere whetherinthegovernment inschoolsorinbusiness Soon computerswillbefoundineveryhome too WehavegoodreasontosaythatcomputersareplayinganincreasinglyimportantroleinourlifeandwehavesteppedintotheComputerAge 60 英语写作的12种句型模版 5 表示措施1 Weshouldtakesomeeffectivemeasures 2 Weshouldtryourbesttoovercome conquer thedifficulties 3 Weshoulddoourutmostindoingsth 4 Weshouldsolvetheproblemsthatweareconfronted faced with 例如 Thehousingproblemthatweareconfrontedwithisbecomingmoreandmoreserious Therefore wemusttakesomeeffectivemeasurestosolveit 61 英语写作的12种句型模版 6 表示变化1 Somechangeshavetakenplaceinthepastfiveyears 2 Agreatchangewillcertainlybeproducedintheworld scommunications 3 Thecomputerhasbroughtaboutmanychangesineducation 例如 Somechangeshavetakenplaceinpeople sdietinthepastfiveyears Themajorreasonsforthesechangesarenotfartoseek Nowadays moreandmorepeopleareswitchingfromgraintomeatforprotein andfromfruitandvegetabletomilkforvitamins 62 英语写作的12种句型模版 7 表示事实 现状1 Wecannotignorethefactthat 2 Noonecandenythefactthat 3 Thereisnodenyingthefactthat 4 Thisisaphenomenonthatmanypeopleareinterestedin 5 However that snotthecase 例如 Wecannotignorethefactthatindustrializationbringswithittheproblemsofpollution Tosolvetheseproblems wecanstartbyeducatingthepublicaboutthehazardsofpollution Thegovernmentonitspartshouldalsodesignstricterlawstopromoteacleanerenvironment 63 英语写作的12种句型模版 8 表示比较1 ComparedwithA B 2 IprefertoreadratherthanwatchTV 3 Thereisastrikingcontrastbetweenthem 例如 Comparedwithcars bicycleshaveseveraladvantagesbesidesbeingaffordable Firstly theydonotconsumenaturalresourcesofpetroleum Secondly theydonotcausethepollutionproblem Lastbutnotleast theycontributetopeople shealthbygivingthemduephysicalexercise 64 英语写作的12种句型模版 9 表示数量1 Ithasincreased decreased from to 2 Thepopulationinthiscityhasnowincreased decreased to800 000 3 TheoutputofJulyinthisfactoryincreasedby15 comparedwiththatofJanuary 例如 Withtheimprovementofthelivingstandard theproportionofpeople sincomespentonfoodhasdecreasedwhilethatspentoneducationhasincreased 再如 Fromthegraphlistedabove itcanbeseenthatstudentuseofcomputershasincreasedfromanaverageoflessthantwohoursperweekin1990to20hoursin2000 65 英语写作的12种句型模版 10 表示看法1 Peoplehave take adopt assume differentattitudestowardssth 2 Peoplehavedifferentopinionsonthisproblem 3 Peopletakedifferentviewsof on thequestion 4 Somepeoplebelievethat Othersarguethat 例如 Peoplehavedifferentattitudestowardsfailure Somebelievethatfailureleadstosuccess Everyfailuretheyexperiencetranslatesintoagreaterchanceofsuccessattheirrenewedendeavor However othersareeasilydiscouragedbyfailuresandputthemselvesintothecategoryoflosers 66 英语写作的12种句型模版 11 表示结论1 Inshort itcanbesaidthat 2 Itmaybebrieflysummedupasfollows 3 Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove wecancometotheconclusionthat 例如 Fromwhathasbeenmentionedabove wecancometotheconclusionthatexaminationisnecessary however itsmethodshouldbeimproved 注 例句1可用于任何一个段落的结论句 例句3则多用文章结论段的第一句 67 英语写作的12种句型模版 12 套语1 It swellknowntousthat 2 Asisknowntous 3 Thisisatopicthatisbeingwidelytalkedabout 4 Fromthegraph table chart listedabove itcanbeseenthat 5 Asaproverbsays Wherethereisawill thereisaway 例如 Asiswellknowntous itisimportantforthestudentstoknowtheworldoutsidecampus Thereasonforthisisobvious Nowadays thesocietyischanginganddevelopingrapidly andthecampusisnolongeran ivorytower Ascollegestudents wemustgetintouchwiththeworldoutsidethecampus Onlyinthiswaycanweadaptourselvestothesocietyquicklyafterwegraduate 68 万能字 词 句升级 1 也许perhaps itisperhapsthecasethat2 谁逐渐意识到graduallyknow sb hasrecentlycometorealizesth 3 尽力去做什么trytodosth tryveryhardtodosth tryeverymeanstodosth strivetodosth endeavortodosth makeeveryendeavortodosth 4 不应该做什么 应该做什么shouldnotdosth shoulddosth insteadofdoing weshould5 建议suggest advise proposethatsb should dosth6 谈到 涉及到talkaboutsth touchsth whenitcomesto7 非常地very extremely remarkably quite strictly 69 万能字 词 句升级 8 重要的 时期 atanimportantperiod atacriticalperiod atacrucialperiod atanindispensableperiod9 不同的原因differentreasons diversecauses10 举例来说forexample acasetothepointisthat aninstancecitedoftenisthat11 我认为Ithink Iargue assume claim hold insist maintain Iamoftheopinion view Iclingtotheideath