大学英语四级阅读理解训练.doc

大学英语四级阅读理解训练（一）Classifiedadvertisingisthatadvertisingwhichisgroupedincertainsectionsofthepaperandisthusdistinguishedfromdisplayadvertising.Suchgroupingsas“HelpWanted”,“RealEstate”,“LostandFound”aremade,theratechargedbeinglessthanfordisplayadvertising.Classifiedadvertisementsareaconveniencetothereaderandasavingtotheadvertiser.Thereaderwhoisinterestedinaparticularkindofadvertisementfindsalladvertisementsofthattypegroupedforhim.Theadvertisersmay,onthisaccount,useaverysmalladvertisementifitwereplacedamonglargeradvertisementsinthepaper.Itisevidentthatthereaderapproachestheclassifiedadvertisementinadifferentframeofmindfromthatinwhichheapproachestheotheradvertisementsinthepaper.Heturnstoapageofclassifiedadvertisementstosearchfortheparticularadvertisementthatwillmeethisneeds.Ashisattentionisvoluntary,theadvertiserdoesnotneedtorelytoomuchextentondisplaytypetogetthereadersattention.Formerlyallclassifiedadvertisementswereofthesamesizeanddidnothavedisplaytype.Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereadersattention.Inmanycases,theresulthasbeenanincreaseinthesizeofthespaceusedandtheadditionofheadlinesandpictures.Inthatway,theclassifiedadvertisementhasinrealityadvertisement.Thisisparticularlytrueofrealestateadvertising?1.AllofthefollowingfactsareadvantagesofclassifiedadvertisementforadvertisersEXCEPTthat_.A)classifiedadvertisementchargeslessmoneyB)itiseasiertoattracttheattentionofthetargetconsumersC)itprovidesmoreinformationforthereadersD)itdoesnothavetorelytoomuchondisplaytype2.Oneoftheexamplesgivenoftypesofclassifiedadvertisementis_A)housesforsaleB)peoplewhoareaskingforhelpC)peoplewhoarelostD)jobvacancies3.Whatsortofattitudedopeoplehavewhentheylookatclassifiedadvertisement,accordingtothewriter?A)Theyareintheframeofmindtobuyanything.B)Theyarelookingforsomethingtheyneed.C)Theyfeellostbecausetherearesomanyadvertisements.D)Theyfeelthesameaswhentheylookatdisplayadvertisements.4Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays?A)Theydependmoreondisplaytype.B)Moremoneyischargedforthem.C)Theyaredividedintomoregroups.D)Theyarelessformal.5Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance?A)Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesandpictures.B)Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.C)Becausetheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisementsmeanstheyhavetobesmallnow.D)Becausetherearemoreadvertisementsnowandmorecompetitionamongadvertisers.答案与解析：1.C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出，分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式，以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力，因此A，B，D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。本题考察对“RealEstate”的理解，它的意思是“房地产”，故选项A正确。3.B当读者看分类广告时，他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知，读者在看分类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的，他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别，查找所需信息。故选项B正确。4.A根据文章，分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出，由于竞争的加剧，分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。故选项A正确。5.D因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧，所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出，分类广告的变化是由于“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupiscompetingwithothersinthesamegroupforthereadersattention”，故选项D正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练（二）Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity.Behaviorists,whostudytherelationbetweenactionsand,arguethatrewardscanimproveperformanceatworkandschool.Someotherresearcherswhostudyvariousaspectsofmentallife,maintainthoserewardsoftendestroycreativitybyencouragingdependenceonapprovalandgiftsfromothers.Thelatterviewhasgainedmanysupporters,especiallyamongeducators.Butthecarefuluseofsmallmonetaryrewardssparksingrade-schoolchildrensuggestingthatproperlypresentedinducementsindeedaidinventiveness,accordingtoastudyintheJuneJournalPersonalityandSocialPsychology.“Iftheyknowtheyreworkingforarewardandcanfocusonarelativelychallengingtask,theyshowthemostcreativity,”saysRobertEsenbergeroftheUniversityofDelawareinNewark.“Butitseasytokillcreativitybygivingrewardsforpoorperformanceorcreatingtoomuchanticipationforrewards.”Ateacherwhocontinuallydrawsattentiontorewardsorwhohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents,Esenbergerholds.Asanexampleofthelatterpoint,henotesgrowingeffortsatmajoruniversitiestotightengradingstandardsandrestorefallinggrades.Inearliergrades,theuseofso-calledtokeneconomics,inwhichstudentshandlechallengingproblemsandreceiveperformance-basedpointstowardvaluedrewards,showspromiseinraisingeffortandcreativity,theDelawarepsychologistclaims.1.Psychologistsaredividedwithregardtotheirattitudestoward_.A)thechoicebetweenspiritualencouragementandmonetaryrewardsB)theappropriateamountofexternalrewardsC)thestudyofrelationshipbetweenactionsandD)theeffectsofexternalrewardsonstudentsperformance2.Whatistheviewheldbymanyeducatorsconcerningexternalrewardsforstudents?A)Theyapproveofexternalrewards.B)Theydontthinkexternalrewards.C)Theyhavedoubtsaboutexternalrewards.D)Theybelieveexternalrewardscanmotivatesmallchildren,butnotcollegestudents.3.Accordingtotheresultofthestudymentionedinthepassage,whatshouldeducatorsdotostimulatemotivationandcreativity?A)Giverewardsforperformanceswhichdeservethem.B)Alwayspromiserewards.C)Assigntaskswhicharenotverychallenging.D)Bemorelenienttostudentswhenmistakesaremade.4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatmajoruniversitiesaretryingtotightentheirgradingstandardsbecausetheybelieve_.A)rewardingpoorperformancemaykillthecreativityofstudentsB)punishmentismoreeffectivethanrewardingC)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency5Whichofthefollowingfactsabout“tokeneconomics”isnotcorrect?A)Studentsareassignedchallengingtasks.B)Rewardsaregivenforgoodperformances.C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,studentscreativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解析：1.D心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrewards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity”可知，心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性究竟有什么影响，故选项D正确.2.C许多教育家对外界的奖励持怀疑态度。文章第二段第一句话提到，后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持，从第一段中可知，后一种观点是：奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理，因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知，他们对奖励的正面作用持怀疑态度。故选项C正确。3.A根据文中的研究结果表明，教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出，给予学生恰当的奖励，可使他们发挥更大的创造性，但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励，或让学生对奖励有太多的期许，反而会扼杀创造性。故选项A正确。4.B从文中可以得知，一些重点大学试图加强等级标准，因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知，许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准，是因为“Ateacher.whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents”。选项B与此意相同。5.C根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思，在这种奖励制度下，要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价，而不仅仅是他们花费了多少精力来完成任务，故选项C正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练（三）country.Thismayoccurasanattempttoover-identifywiththenewcultureinordertobeacceptedbythepeopleinit.1.Theexpressionheorsheislikefishoutofwatersuggests_.a.peopleawayfromtheirculturescanhardlysurviveinanewcultureb.afishcannotsurvivewithoutwaterc.peopleawayfromtheircultureexperiencementalisolationd.peopleawayfromtheirculturehavedifficultiesinnewenvironment2.Inordertoidentifywiththenewenvironment,somepeoplemay_.a.giveanexaggeratedpictureoftheirowncountryb.criticizethepositiveaspectsoftheirowncountyc.abandontheiroriginalbeliefsd.acceptatemporarysetofvalues3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtotheauthor?a.Perplexityresultsincultureshock.b.Atypicalsymptomofculturshockisconfusion.c.Cultureshockistheexplanationofanxiety.d.Cultureshockhappenstoforeignstudentsonly.4.Newcomermayworryabout_.a.theirignoranceofthealiencustomsb.theirknowledgeofYesinthenativelanguagec.theirunderstandingoffriendshipd.theircontroloftheirbehavior5.Whentheforeignvisitorisimmersedinnewproblemshefindshardtocopewhith,heismostlikelytofeel_.a.uninsuredb.deprivedc.alienatedd.baffled答案：cdadbc大学英语四级阅读理解训练（八）Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinsocietieswherethereisamixtureofdifferentkindsofpeoplethaninsocietieswherepeoplearesimilarinmanyways.Thesimplereasonforthisisthattherearemoredifferentwaysoflookingatthingspresentinthefirstkindofsociety.Therearemoreideas,moredisagreementsininterest,andmoregroupsandorganizationswithdifferentbeliefs.Inaddition,thereisusuallyagreaterworldlyinterestandgreatertoleranceinmixedsocieties.Allthesefactorstendtopromotesocialchangebyopeningmoreareasoflifetodecision.Inasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanyways,therearefeweroccasionsforpeopletoseetheneedortheopportunityforchangebecauseeverythingseemstobethesame.Andalthoughconditionsmaynotbesatisfactory,theyareatleastcustomaryandundisputed.Withinasociety,socialchangeisalsolikelytooccurmorefrequentlyandmorereadilyinthematerialaspectsoftheculturethaninthenon-material,forexample,intechnologyratherthaninvalues;inwhathasbeenlearnedlaterinliferatherthanwhatwaslearnedearly;inthelessbasicandlessemotionalaspectsofsocietythanintheiropposites;inthesimpleelementsratherthaninthecomplexones;informratherthaninsubstance;andinelementsthatareacceptabletothecultureratherthaninstrangeelements.Furthermore,socialchangeiseasierifitisgradual.Forexample,itcomesmorereadilyinhumanrelationsonacontinuousscaleratherthanonewithsharpdichotomies.ThisisonereasonwhychangehasnotcomemorequicklytoBlackAmericansascomparedtootherAmericanminorities,becauseofthesharpdifferenceinappearancebetweenthemandtheirwhitecounterparts.1.Thepassageismainlydiscussing_.a.thenecessityofsocialchangeb.certainfactorsthatdeterminetheeasewithwhichsocialchangesoccurc.twodifferentsocietiesd.certainfactorsthatpromotesocialchange2._isoneofthefactorsthattendtopromotesocialchange.a.Jointinterestb.Differentpointsofviewc.Lessemotionalpeopled.Advancedtechnology3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?a.Socialchangetendstomeetwithmoredifficultyinbasicandemotionalaspectsofsociety.b.Disagreementwithandargumentaboutconditionstendtoslowdownsocialchange.c.Socialchangeismorelikelytooccurinthematerialaspectofsociety.d.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinwhatpeoplelearnedwhentheywereyoung.4.Theexpressiongreatertolerance(paragraph1)refersto_.a.greaterwillingnesstoacceptsocialchangeb.quickeradaptationtochangingcircumstancesc.morerespectfordifferentbeliefsandbehaviord.geeaterreadinesstoagreetodifferentopinionsandideas5.Socialchangeislesslikelytooccurinasocietywherepeoplearequitesimilarinmanywaysbecause_.a.peopletherehavegotsoaccustomedtotheirconditionsthattheyseldomthinkitnecessarytochangeb.peopletherehaveidenticalneedsthatcanbesatisfiedwithoutmuchdifficultyc.peoplethereareeasytopleased.peopletherearelessdisputed答案：bbbca大学英语四级阅读理解训练（九）Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandaccommodationasrealisticallyaspossible.AllourSuperCentersandMainCentershavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterseason1975-1976.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lifenetworksandskischools,etc.operateduringtheseason.Wehavenotbeenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringthelastseasonbutallhavebeenvisitedduringthepastthreeseasons.Shouldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthesecenterswewilltrytogetitforyou.OurAmericancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnitedAirlinesToursDepartmentandbytheU.S.touroperatorswhoareassistingUnitedandourselvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedStates.Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(possiblymakingourbrochure(小册子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasaccurateadescriptionaspossible.Neverthelessyoushouldbearinmindthatyouropinionandtheopinionofourinvestigatormightdifferandtheremaybechangesbetweenthetimeofavisitbyourinvestigatorandthevisitofoneofourcustomers.Wetrustthatitisevidenttoyouthatwehavedoneallinourpowertoeliminatemisdescriptionandthattherereallyisnoquestionofmisrepresenta-tiononourparteithercarelessorotherwise.Wewelcomeyourconstructivecriticismitisthebestwayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresandourservice.Althoughcomplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourcomplaintorcriticismwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退赔)madeifitisjustifiednonewillbemadeifitisnt.26.ThefirmclaimsthatallitswintersportscentershavebeentherecenttargetofA.aprogramofpersonalvisitsB.intensiveenquiriesaboutfacilitiesC.attemptstoincreasehotelaccommodationD.animprovedinformationservice27.TheIndependentCenterswerepersonallyinspected_.A.theyearbeforelastB.threeyearsagoC.between1975and1976D.withinthelastthreeseasons28.TheprogramoftourstotheUnitedStatesappearstobe_.A.anewcollaborationwithU.S.travelfirmsB.newlytakenoverbyU.S.touroperationsC.anewindependentventureD.organizedbyUnitedAirlines29.Theirbrochurewouldbemoreattractivetoread,theysay,if_.A.itwerelesstruthfulB.itusedfewersuperlativesC.iteliminateddescriptionD.itweremoreencouraged30.Thefirmsclaimisthattheirprogramisimprovedby_.A.helpfulfault-findingbycustomersB.attractivedescriptionofthecentersineverybrochureC.astandardpolicyofpromptrepaymentD.carefulcontrolofthehotels答案：26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A大学英语四级阅读理解训练（十）Asareliabletravelagency,wereallydotrytodescribeourcentersandaccommodationasrealisticallyaspossible.AllourSuperCentersandMainCentershavebeenextensivelyinvestigatedduringthewinterseason1975-1976.Asaresultwehavefirst-handinformationonthewayinwhichhotels,lifenetworksandskischools,etc.operateduringtheseason.Wehavenotbeenabletoinvestigate,atfirsthand,allourIndependentCentersduringthelastseasonbutallhavebeenvisitedduringthepastthreeseasons.Shouldyouneedanymoreinformationaboutthesecenterswewilltrytogetitforyou.OurAmericancentershavebeeninvestigatedonourbehalfbyUnitedAirlinesToursDepartmentandbytheU.S.touroperatorswhoareassistingUnitedandourselvestoofferyouthisnovelprogramtotheUnitedStates.Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(possiblymakingourbrochure(小册子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentrate