最新(2013秋)人教版八年级上册英语知识点_3-4单元.doc

Unit3 Im more outgoing than my sister.重点短语1. . more outgoing 更外向 2. asas 与一样 3. the singing competition 唱歌比赛4. be similar to 与相像的/类似的 5. the same as 和相同；与一致 6. be different from 与不同 7. care about 关心；介意 8. be like a mirror 像一面镜子 9. the most important 最重要的 10. as long as 只要；既然 11. bring out 使显现；使表现出 12. get better grades 取得更好的成绩 13. reach for 伸手取 14. in fact 事实上；实际上 15. make friends 交朋友 16. the other 其他的17. touch ones heart 感动某人 18. be talented in music 有音乐天赋 19. be good at 擅长 20. be good with 善于与相处 21. have fun doing sth. 享受做某事的乐趣 22. be good at doing sth 擅长做某事 23. make sb. do sth. 让某人做某事24. want to do sth. 想要做某事 25. as+adj./adv.的原级+as 与一样 26. Its+ adj.+for sb. to do sth. 对某人来说，做某事的。三重点语法 (一) 重点句型 1. Both Sam and Tom can play the drums, but Sam plays them better than Tom. 萨姆和汤姆都会打鼓，但是萨姆比汤姆打得要好一些。 both (1) 表示“两者都”， both用在含有be动词的句中，应放在be动词的后面；用在含有行为动词的句中，应放在行为动词的前面， (2) bothand表示“两者都”，both.and在句中连接并列成分，如主语、谓语、表语、宾语等，位置比较灵活。 E.g. Both New York and London have traffic problems. (连接主语) The secretary both speaks and writes Spanish.(连接谓语)【考例】My parents _ doctors. A. both are B. all are C. are all D. are both 拓展：all表示“三者或三者以上全都”的意思，every指三个以上的人或物(含三个)，each指两个以上的人或物(含两个)。 练习：用all,both,every,each填空 1) My brothers and I are _l at school. 2) _ student may have one book. 3) _Tom and Jim are my good friends. 4) Three students are flying kites,they are_ in Class 1. 1. Tara works as hard as Tina. 塔拉学习和蒂娜一样努力。 as.as意为“与一样”，as.as中间接形容词或副词的原级。其否定结构not as/so.as意为“不如”。 E.g. He is as tall as his father. 他和他爸爸一样高。 Tom gets up as early as Jim. 汤姆起得和吉姆一样早。 Lucy isnt as outgoing as Mary. 露西不如玛丽外向。 注意：(1) 其否定式为not as/so +adj./adv. +as。 E.g. This dictionary is not as/so useful as you think. (2) 若有修饰成分，如twice, three times, half, a quarter等，则须置于第一个as之前。 E.g. Your bag is twice as expensive as mine. 你的包比我的贵一倍。 2. You can tell that Lisa really wanted to win, though. 不过，你能看得出来，丽萨确实想赢。 win此处用作不及物动词，意为“赢；获胜”；win还可用作及物动词，意为“赢得；在中获胜”，此时其后的宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. He won the first prize. Who won the race？ 辨析：win与beat win表示“赢得；获胜”，用作及物动词时，其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等。 E.g. We won the basketball game. beat表示“打赢；战胜”，用于比赛时，其宾语为所战胜的对手。 E.g. Li Lei beat all the runners in the 100-metre race.3. though此处作副词，意为“不过；可是；然而”，通常用于句末，前面用逗号与句子隔开。 E.g. Jim said that he would come; he didnt, though. 拓展：though作连词，意为“虽然；尽管”，相当于although。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. 注意：although/though与but不能同时出现在一个句子中。 E.g. Though he has no money, he lives very happily. =He has no money, but he lives very happily. 4. But the most important thing is to learn something new and have fun. 但是最重要的是学到一些新东西并获得乐趣。 (1) the most important意为“最重要的”，是important的最高级形式。 important的比较级为more important，形容词的最高级形式前必须有定冠词the。 E.g. I think English is the most important of all the subjects. The most important thing is to work hard. (2) have fun意为“获得乐趣；玩得高兴”。 E.g. Its a good place to have fun. 拓展：have fun doing sth.意为“做某事很有趣”。 E.g. Did you have fun visiting that country？ 5. .truly cares about me. care about 关心，在意 take care当心 take care of 照顾 练习：用适当的词组填空 1) Your mother truly_you. 2) He has to _ his sister. 3) _ not to fall into the river. 6. I think a good friend makes me laugh. 我认为好朋友会让我发笑。 (1) make sb. do sth.意为“让某人做某事” E.g. His father always makes him get up before five oclock. 拓展：make的用法： make加名词make food 做饭 make the bed 铺床 make money 赚钱 make + sb./sth. + adj. 使某人感到E.g. The soft music makes Tina sleepy. make sb./sth. + n. 使某人成为E.g. The party made her a good teacher. make sb./sth. + 过去分词 让某人被E.g. I made myself understood by all the students. make sb./sth. + do sth. 使某人做某事(不能带不定式符号to) E.g. Wars make the peace go away. 注意：当make用于被动语态时，必须带不定式符号to. E.g. We were made to work all night. I was made to repeat the story. (2) 辨析：laugh与smile laugh一般表示“出声地(大)笑”，不但有面部表情，而且还有声音。 laugh at.意为“嘲笑；因而发笑”。 E.g. Dont laugh when you have a meal. smile一般表示“无声地微笑”，指的是面部表情。 smile at.意为“向微笑”。 E.g. He smiled at me. 7. Yes, and a good friend is talented in music, too. talented为形容词，意为“有才能的，有才干的”，其比较级形式为more talented。be talented in为固定搭配，表示“在方面有天赋”。 E.g. She is a talented musician. 她是一名天才音乐家。 The boy is talented in dancing. 这个男孩很有舞蹈天赋。 8. Im quieter and more serious than most kids. 我比大多数的孩子更文静更稳重。 (1) serious为形容词，意为“严肃的；稳重的”。 E.g. My math teacher is very serious in class. 拓展： nothing serious意为“没有什么严重的”。 be serious about. 意为“对认真”。 E.g. Is she serious about giving up her job？9. Thats why I like reading books and studying harder in class. 那就是我在课堂上喜欢读书、学习更刻苦的原因。 Thats why.意为“那就是的原因”，why引导的句子作表语，是表语从句。 E.g. Thats why I dont want to leave here. I got up late, and thats why I missed the bus. 10. Im shy so its not easy for me to make friends. 我很腼腆。因此对我来说交朋友不是很容易。 “Its+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”是固定结构，意为“做某事对某人来说是的”。结构中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语。句中的形容词为描述事物特征的词，如difficult，easy，hard，important，dangerous，necessary，possible等。 E.g. Its very important for us to eat a lot of vegetables every day. Its dangerous for a child to stay at home alone. 11. But I think friends are like booksyou dont need a lot of them as long as theyre good. 但是我认为朋友就像书一样你不需要很多。只要它们好就行。 as long as意为“只要；既然”，引导条件状语从句，主句为一般将来时或含有情态动词can时，所引导的条件状语从句用一般现在时表示将来。 e.g.You can leave here as long as you tell the truth. You will get good grades as long as you work hard. 12. However, Larry often helps to bring out the best in me. 然而，拉里经常帮助我表现出最好的一面。 bring out意为“使显现；使表现出”。 E.g. I want to bring out the meaning of the poem.我想阐明一下这首诗的意义。 拓展： bring out还意为“出版；生产”。E.g. The company is bringing out a new sports car. bring out the best/worst in sb. 把某人最好/最坏的一面展现出来 E.g. Please tell me how to bring out the best in me. 13. I dont really care if my friends are the same as me or different. 我真的不介意我的朋友是与我一样还是不同。 if作连词，意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，常用于ask，know，wonder，find out等动词(短语)之后。E.g. I dont know if he is at home. He asks me if I like music. 14. A true friend reaches for your hand and touches your heart. 真正的朋友是一个可以援手帮助并感动你心扉的人。 (1) reach for sth.意为“伸手取某物”，reach此处作不及物动词，意为“伸手”。 E.g. He reaches for the box, but he is too short. 拓展：reach作及物动词，意为“到达；抵达”。 E.g. When will you reach Beijing？ 辨析：reach, get to与arrive reach为及物动词，后面直接接宾语。 E.g. They reached Hangzhou yesterday. get to后接地点名词，如果接there，here或home等地点副词，to必须省略。 E.g. How did you get to the station？ arrive为不及物动词，后接地点名词时必须加介词at或in。到达国家、城市等大的地方用in，到迭学校、商店等小的地方用at。接there，here或home等地点副词时不用介词in或at。 E.g. I arrived at the company three hours ago. They arrived in Hangzhou yesterday. (2) touch及物动词，意为“感动；触摸”。 E.g. The sad story touched us. He touched his sons head lightly. 练习 1) Our hometown is more beautiful than before, _？（济南中考） Aisnt it Bis it Cdoesnt it Ddoes it 2) Li Huas shoes are as _ as Zhang Huis. （湖南常德中考） Acheap Bcheaper Cthe cheaper 3) She sang a song I believe I can fly in Yangzhou English c1assics Reading Contest. I have never heard a _ voice than that before. （江苏扬州中考） Agood Bwell Cbetter Dbest形容词和副词的比较级和最高级不规则变化： 原 级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad/badly worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther（更远） further（更深远） farthest(最远) furthest（最深远） as(原级)as与一样 not as/soas不如 Liming is as tall as Jim. Jack runs as fast as Tom. Lily is not as/so tall as Lucy. =Lily is shorter than Lucy. Unit4 Whats the best movie theater?单词theater t n.剧场；电影院；戏院comfortable kmftbl adj.舒适的；充裕的seat sit n.座位；screen skrin n.屏幕；银幕close kls v.关；合拢；不开放；停业worst wst adj.最坏的；最差的cheaply tipli adv.廉价地；粗俗地song s n.歌曲；歌唱choose tuz v.选择；决定carefully kefli adv.小心地，认真地reporter rpt(r) n.记者fresh fre adj.新鲜的；清新的comfortably kmftbli adv.舒服地；容易地；充裕地worse ws adj.更坏的；更差的service svs n.服务pretty prti adv.相当地adj.漂亮的menu menju n.菜单act kt v.行动；表演meal mil n.一餐；膳食so far到目前为止；迄今为止no problem没什么；不客气creative krietv adj.创造的，创造性的；performer pfm(r) n.表演者；执行者talent tlnt n.天赋；才能，才艺；common kmn adj.常见的；共同的；普通的magician mdn n.魔术师；术士beautifully bjutfli adv.美丽地；完美地；role rl n.作用；角色winner wn(r) n.获胜者prize praz n.奖品；奖金everybody evribdi pron.每人；人人example zmpl n.例子；榜样poor p(r) adj.可怜的；贫穷的seriously srisli 严重地，严肃地give v v.给；赠予；送crowded kradd adj.拥挤的havein common有相同特征all kinds of各种各样；各种类型be up to是.的职责；由.决定play a role发挥作用；有影响makeup编造for example例如takeseriously认真对待重点短语1. movie theater 电影院 close to 离近 clothes store 服装店 in town 在镇上 2. so far 到目前为止 10 minutes by bu坐公共汽车10分钟的路程 talent show 才艺表演 3. in common 共同；共有 around the world 世界各地；全世界 more and more 越来越4. and so on 等等 all kinds of 各种各样的 be up to 是的职责；由决定 5. not everybody 并不是每个人 make up 编造（故事、谎言等）6. play a role in 在方面发挥作用/有影响 for example 例如 takeseriously 认真对待7. give sb. sth . 给某人某物 come true （梦想、希望）实现；达到 8. Can I ask you some? 我能问你一些吗？ How do you like? 你认为怎么样？ 9. Thanks for doing sth. 因做某事而感谢。What do you think of? 你认为怎么样?10. much+ adj./adv.的比较级 得多 watch sb. do sth. 观看某人做某事 11. play a role in doing sth 在做某事方面扮演重要的角色 one of+可数名词的复数 之一 Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?单词sitcom stkm n.情景喜剧 (= situation comedy)news njuz n.新闻；消息soap sp n.肥皂；肥皂剧educational edukenl adj.教育的；有教育意义的plan pln n.计划；方法v.打算；计划hope hp .希望；期望；盼望n.希望discussion dskn n.讨论；谈论stand stnd v.站立；忍受happen hpn vi.发生；碰巧；出现；偶遇may me aux.可以，能够；可能，也许expect kspekt v.预期；期待；盼望joke dk n.笑话；玩笑v.说笑话；开玩笑comedy kmdi n.喜剧；滑稽；幽默事件find out查明、弄清meaningless minls adj.无意义的；不重要的action kn n.行为；活动cartoon ktun n.卡通；漫画culture klt(r) n.栽培；文化；教养famous fems adj.著名的；有名的appear p(r) vi.出现；出版；显得become bkm v.变成；成为rich rt adj.富有的；富饶的；丰富的successful sksesfl adj.成功的；圆满的might mat aux.可能；也许；may的过去式main men adj.主要的；最重要的reason rizn n.原因；理由film flm n.电影unlucky nlki adj.倒霉的；不幸的；不吉利的lose luz vt.丢失；失败vi.失败ready redi adj.准备好的；乐意的character krkt(r) n.个性；品质；人物；simple smpl adj.简单的；朴素的；单纯的；笨的army mi n.军队；陆军；一大批action movie动作片be ready to愿意迅速做某事dress up装扮；乔装打扮take sb.s place代替；替换do a good job工作干得好；做得好重点短语1. talk show 谈话节目 game show 游戏节目 soap opera 肥皂剧 2. go on 发生 watch a movie 看电影 a pair of 一双；一对try ones best 尽某人最大努力 3. as famous as 与一样有名 have a discussion about 就讨论4. one day 有一天 such as 例如 dress up 打扮；梳理 take sb.s place 代替；替换 5. do a good job 干得好 something enjoyable 令人愉快的东西 interesting information 有趣的资料 6. one of 之一 look like 看起来像 around the world 全世界 a symbol of 的象征 7. let sb. do sth. 让某人做某事 plan to do sth. 计划/打算做某事 hope to do sth. 希望做某事 8. happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 expect to do sth. 盼望做某事 How about doing做怎么样？9. be ready to do st乐于做某事 try ones best to do sth. 尽力做某事动词不定式做宾语 10. think of 认为 learn from 从获得；向学习 find out 查明；弄清楚 Unit6 Im going to study computer science.单词doctor dkt(r) 医生engineer endnr 工程师violinist valnst 小提琴手pilot palt 飞行员pianist pnst 钢琴家scientist santst 科学家college kld 大学education eduken 教育medicine medsn 药，医学university junvrsti 大学，高等学府article rtkl 文章，论文send send 邮寄，发送grow up长大成长computer programmer计算机管理员be sure about确信make sure确保resolution rezlun 决心，决定foreign frn 外国的able ebl 能够discuss dsks 讨论，商量promise prms 承诺，诺言beginning bn 开头，开端improve mpruv 改进，改善physical fzkl 身体的self-improvement selfmpruvmnt 自我改进，自我提高hobby hbi 业余爱好own on 自己的，本人的，拥有personal prsnl 个人的，私人的relationship rlenp 关系重点短语 1. make sure 确信；务必 2. sendto 把送到 3. be able to能 4. the meaning of 的意思 5. different kinds of 不同种类的6. write down 写下；记下 7. have to do with 关于；与有关系 8. take up 开始做；学着做9. hardly ever 几乎不；很少 10. tooto 太而不能/太以至于不能 11. be going to+动词原形 打算做某事 12. practice doing 练习做某事 13. keep on doing sth. 不断地做某事 14. learn to do sth. 学会做某事 15. finish doing sth. 做完某事 16. promise to do sth许诺去做某事 17. help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事 18. remember to do sth. 记住做某事 19. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 20. love to do sth. 喜爱做某事 21want to do sth. 想要做某事22have to do with关于;与有关系23take up学着做；开始做24agree with同意25be able to能够做某事26grow up 成长；长大 27every day 每天 28be sure about 对有把握Unit4-Unit6一重点短语：1.take the subway 2.all over/around the world 3.be different from 4.on the school bus 5.study for a test 6.go to the doctor=see a doctor 7.have a piano lesson 8.the day after tomorrow 9.keep quiet /be quiet 10.come over to 11.be free=have time 12.in some ways 13.look the same 14.in common 15.do the same things as sb. 16.use sth to do sth 17.begin with 18.in ones free time 19.the bus /train /subway station 20.another time 21.means of transportation 22.all kinds of 23.depend on 24.go to concert 25.keep quiet 26.primary school 二考点归纳：考点1.有关交通工具的同义句：1).take the train to =go to by train take the bus to = go to by bus 2).fly to = go to by plane /air walk to . = go to on foot ride a bike to = go to . by bike My uncle went to New York last week . My uncle _ _ New York last week .考点2.有关花费时间的句型：1).It +takes +sb.+时间+to do sth 2).sb. +spend +时间+on sth (in doing sth ).It took me half an hour to work it out .I_ half an hour _ it out .考点3.表示两地相距有多远： A +be +距离 +from +B = Its +距离+from A+ to B.It is five minutes walk from my home to school. = It _ me five minutes to _to school .考点4.leave ,leave for , leave for 1).leave +地点 “离开某地”2).leave for +地点 “前往某地”=go to +某地3).leave +某地+for +某地 “离开某地前往某地”Mr wang are going to Beijing tomorrow .=Mr wang are _ _ Beijing tomorrow.考点5.all not = not all “并非都” 部分否定注：not 与all /both /every . 连用构成部分否定。 Not all birds can fly . = _ birds can fly , some cant .考点6.the number of / a number of 1).a number of 许多 = a lot of /many ,number 前可用large /small 来修饰，a large /small number of . 作主语时，谓语用复数。2).the number of .的数量, 作主语时，谓语用单数。 A large number of tourists _(come )to Mountain Tai every year . The number of the students in our class _(be ) 60.考点7.sick / ill 1).ill 用在系动词之后作表语。 2).sick 既可以放在系动词之后作表语也可放在名词之前作定语。 She was _ because of hard work . The _ boy coughed terribly .考点8.表示客气地请求某人干某事 1). Would you like to do sth ? 2).Could you please do sth ? 3).Will /Would you please do sth ? 4).Can you do sth ? 考点9.be busy 1). be busy with sth .忙于某事 2).be busy doing sth 忙于干某事 3).be busy 的反义词组 be free / have time I am busy tomorrow .= I _ _ = I _ _ time .考点10.whole / all 1).whole 一般置于冠词，物主代词或其他限定词之后， all 位于限定词之前。2).一般不修饰不可数名词，all 既可修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词。 He stayed at home all the afternoon .= He stayed at home _ _ afternoon.考点11.however / but however “然而，可是”用于句首或句中，须用逗号隔开。而but 不用逗号隔开。 He is very busy ,_, he always helps me . A. and B. / C. but D. however 考点12.most of / most 1).most of the +复数名词 “.中的大多数”2).most +复数名词 “大多数的.” _ the students are clever . _students are clever.考点13.beat / win /lose1).beat:打败 后面接打败的人或对象 beat sb 2).win:赢 后面接比赛的项目（race , game , match , prize .）3).lose:输 lose to sb 输给某人lose sth 输了某物Their team beat ours = Their team _ the match . = Our team _ _ theirs.考点14.do you think 作为插入语1).位置：放在疑问词之后2).语序：后面的句子用陈述句语序。 Do you think ? Who is the man over there ?=_ do you think the man _ over there ?考点15.常见的不可数名词： weather work food news advice information fun music paper _ weather ! we are going to the park .A. What a good B.What good C. How a g