高中英语必背单词及后缀总结.doc

高中英语必背单词及后缀总结 高中英语必背单词及后缀总结一、名词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：1.-ster，-eer，-er(or)意为：从事某种职业或参与某种活动的人(personengagedinanoccupationoractivity)例词：gamester，gangster，songster，engineer，profiteer，mountaineer，auctioneer，driver，teacher，director，actor，professor2.-let意为：小或者不重要的东西(small，unimportantthings)例词：booklet，leaflet，3.-ette意为：1)小的东西(small)例词：cigarette2)假的东西(imitation)例词：leatherette3)女性(female)例词：usherette4.-ess意为：女性(female)例词：actress，poetess，hostess，paintress5.-hood意为：时期(status;etc.)例词：boyhood，childhood，manhood6.-ship意为：才能，状态，资格，品质等(skill，state，condition，status，quality)例词：leadership，friendship，membership，lectureship，sportsmanship7.-ful意为：量(theamountwhichnouncontains)例词：cupful，handful，mouthful，8.-tion，-ion意为：1)状态，行动等(state;action;etc.)例词：action，oppression，possession，education，starva-tion2)机构等(institution;etc.)例词：organization，foundation9.-ment意为：状态，行动等(state;action;etc.)例词：movement，enslavement，10.-al意为：动作(action)例词：arrival，refusal，revival，recital，removal11.-age意为：程度，数量等(extent;amount;etc.)例词：wastage，coverage，acreage，shrinkage，breakage，hostage12.-ness;-ity(ty)意为：状态，品质(state;quality;etc.)例词：happiness，usefulness，selfishness，kindness，rapidity，activity，sanity，changeability13.-ism意为：道义，主义，学说等(doctrineof，practiceof)例词：idealism，impressionism，absenteeism，racism二、动词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：1.-ify意为：转为，变为(toturninto，tomakeorbecome)例词：beautify，diversify，simplify2.-ize;-en意为：使，变得(tomakeorbecome;tomakeinto)例词：modernize，popularize，legalize，hospitalize，symbolize，ripen，widen，heighten，threaten3.-ate意为：增加，使(giveoradd，makeorbecome)例词：originate，hydrogenate，validate，differentiate三、形容词后缀：常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：1.-ful意为：充满，有(fullof;hav-ing;giving;etc.)例词：useful，pitiful，hopeful，helpful，forgetful，thankful，fearful2.-less意为：没有，无(without;notgiving)例词：speechless，childless，harmless，hopeless，meaningless3.-ly意为：有品质的(havingthequalitiesof)例词：beastly，manly，brotherly，friendly4.-like意为：像的(like)例词：childlike，statesmanlike，tiger-like5.-y;-ish意为：像一般的(somewhatlike)例词：meaty，sandy，silky，hairy，leafy，watery，foolish，girlish，blackish，thinnish6.-some意为：像一样的;引起的;有品质的(like;causing;havingthequalityof)例词：troublesome，burdensome，wholesome，tiresome，bothersome7.-able(ible)意为：能的;可以的(abletobe;capable)例词：changeable，readable，drinkable，comfortable，expansible，convincible8.-ed意为：有的(having，etc.)例词：wooded，pointed，moneyed，odd-shaped9.-al意为：有属性的，类型的(natureof，typicalof)例词：cultural，personal，regional，musical10.-ary(ory)意为：属于的，与相连的(belongingto;connectedwith)例词：revolutionary，imaginary，contradictory11.-ous意为：富含的;有品质的;像的(fullof;havingthequalityof;like)例词：glorious，erroneous，malicious，gracious12.-ic(ical)意为：类的;属于的(typicalof;belongingto)例词：historic，historical，methodic，methodical，dramatic，heroic13.-ive意为：有属性的;有某种倾向的(havingthenatureorqualityof;givenortendingto)例词：attractive，talkative，restrictive，defensive，preventive，constructive，sensitive四、副词后缀常见的此类后缀及其具体含义如下：1.-ly意为：以方式(ina.manner;etc.)例词：happily，boldly，attentive-ly，strangely2.-ward(s)意为：表示方式或动作的方向(manneranddirectionofmovement)例词：onward(s)，backward(s)，earthward(s)，homeward(s)，eastward(s)3.-wise意为：1)按照方式(inthemannerof)例词：crabwise，clockwise2)就而言(asfaras.isconcerned)例词：weatherwise，educationwise常用的前缀主要有：ab表示反常absent缺席abnormal不正规的ap表示添加append悬挂apposition同位置bi表示两、重bicycle自行车bigamy重婚com表示共同combine联合compete相争dis表示分开disarm裁军dislike讨厌im表示不impossible不可能的immoral不道德的in表示不、向内informal非正式的inhuman不人道的non表示无nonparty无党派的nonmetal非金属pro表示向前progress进步prognostic预兆re表示回、重新review复习reaction反应un表示不、非unhappy不快乐的unbalance失去平衡常用的后缀主要有：al表示人、物rival竞争者mural壁画cy表示状态、职位bankruptcy破产captaincy船长er表示人、物teacher老师cooker厨具able表示可能的movable可移动的passable可通行的ful表示充满beautiful美丽的useful有用的or表示人、物actor男演员mirror镜子ist表示人copyist抄写员socialist社会主义者ment表示行为enjoyment娱乐movement运动ing表示令人exciting令人兴奋的interesting令人有兴趣的ed表示感到excited感到兴奋的interested感到有兴趣的less表示没有的resistless不抵抗的homeless无家可归的ly副词后缀gently轻轻地intently专心地tion名词后缀graduation毕业relation亲属英语语法高考英语单词拼写必背全表五、以下动词加-ed或-ing要双写最后一个字母1.regret(regretted,regretting)后悔2.control(controlled,controlling)控制3.admit(admitted,admitting)承认4.occur(occurred,occurring)出现5.prefer(preferred,preferring)宁愿6.refer(referred,referring)提到7.forget(forgetting)忘记8.permit(permitted,permitting)允许9.equip(equipped,equipping)装备六、部分过去式和过去分词不规则变化的动词1.broadcast(broadcast,broadcast)广播2.flee(fled,fled)逃跑3.forbid(forbade,forbidden)禁止4.forgive(forgave,forgiven)原谅5.freeze(froze,frozen)结冰6.hang(作“绞死”讲，是规则的;作“悬挂”讲，是hung)15.weave(wove,woven)编织7.lie(作“说谎”讲时，是规则的;作“位于”讲时，其过去式是lay，过去分词是lain)8.seek(sought,sought)寻求9.shake(shook,shaken)发抖10.sing(sang,sung)唱歌11.sink(sank,sunk/sunken)下沉12.spread(spread,spread)传播13.swim(swam,swum)游泳14.tear(tore,torn)撕碎七、意思相近的词1.check/examine/test2.receive/accept3.destroy/damage4.celebrate/congratulate5.wear/dress八、注意形容词变名词时的拼写变化1.longlength长度2.widewidth宽度3.highheight高度4.strongstrength力量九、以-ic结尾的动词，应先把-ic变为-ick，再加ing或ed1.picnic(picnicked,picnicking)野餐十、个别名词的复数拼写1.German(Germans)德国人2.gulf(gulfs)海湾3.handkerchief(handkerchiefs)手帕4.hero(英雄)，potato(土豆)，tomato(西红柿)等有生命的以-o结尾的名词变复数时要加-es。5.roof(roofs)房顶6.stomach胃(其复数是stomachs而不是加十一、注意动词变名词时的拼写变化1.succeedsuccess成功2.pronouncepronunciation发音3.explainexplanation解释4.decidedecision决定5.enterentrance进入6.permitpermission允许7.refuserefusal拒绝8.considerconsideration考虑9.discoverdiscovery发现10.buryburial埋葬11.concludeconclusion得出结论12.arrivearrival到达13.weighweight重量十二、注意形容词变副词时的拼写变化1.beautifulbeautifully美丽的2.possiblepossibly可能的3.practicalpractically实际的4.particularparticularly特别的5.successfulsuccessfully成功的十三、其它必背单词 1.abroad国外2.absencen.缺席(absentadj.)3.accepted(NMET1997)4.accident事故(accidentaladj.偶然的，accidentallyadv.偶然地)5.achievement成就(achievev.获得)6.address地址7.admire钦佩8.admitting(2000北京春季卷)9.agreement协议10.agriculture农业(agriculturaladj.农业的)11.altogether总共12.ancient古代的13.announced(NMET1999)14.anxiety忧虑(anxiousadj.焦急的，anxiouslyadv.焦急地)15.apologizev.道歉(apologyn.道歉apologeticadj.道歉的，apologeticallyadv.道歉地)16.apologize/apologise(道歉)17.appreciate感激/欣赏(感激人用thanksb;谢谢某人做的事用appreciatesth.)18.Asian(NMET1996)19.assistant助手20.astonish吃惊(astonishmentn.吃惊，astonishing，astonished)21.astronaut宇航员22.atmosphere气氛23.attempt尝试(可作名词也可作动词)24.attentively专心地25.attentively(NMET1996)26.attitude态度27.attract吸引(attraction吸引力)28.average平均29.average(NMET1999)30.balance平衡31.beauty美(beautiful)32.believe相信(beliefn.信念，其复数是beliefs)33.beyond超过34.biology生物35.birthday生日36.bravery勇敢37.broadcast(NMET1996)38.broadcast广播(过去式、过去分词同原形)39.carefully小心(carefully)40.ceiling天花板41.celebrated庆祝)42.celebration庆祝(celebraten.庆祝)43.century世纪44.challenge挑战45.character性格46.charge收费47.cinema电影院48.comfortv.&n.安慰(fortablyadv.舒适地)49.comfortably(舒适的)50.comment评论51.communication交流52.competition竞赛(competev.竞赛competitor竞赛者)53.composition作文54.concert音乐会55.concludev.conclusionn.结论56.condition情况(conditions条件)57.confessing陈述告诫)58.congratulations祝贺(congratulatev.)59.constantly不断地60.construction(NMET1996)61.continue继续62.contribution贡献(contributev.)63.conveniently方便(convenientadj.)64.conversation谈话65.coughing(NMET1997)66.cousin表兄弟67.cruelty残酷(crueladj.cruellyadv.)68.curious好奇(curiosityn.好奇)69.curious(好奇的)70.customer顾客71.customers(顾客)72.custom习俗73.damage损坏74.declared(陈述)75.delicious美味76.destroy毁灭(其过去式是destroyed)77.determined有决心的78.develop发展(developmentn.developing发展中的，developed发达的)79.dialogue对话80.diary日记(dairy奶制品)81.difference不同点(有复数形式)82.disappointed失望(disappointing让人失望的)83.disappointment失望84.discovery发现(其复数是discoveries，其动词是discover，discoverer发现者)85.disturb打扰86.dollar美元(其复数是dollars)87.downstairs楼下88.dream梦想(其过去式是dreamed或dreamt)89.electricity电(electrical电的，electric电的)90.employ雇用(employmentn.employer雇主，employee雇员)91.empty倒空(可用动词，其过去式是emptied)92.encourage鼓励(encouraging,encouraged,encouragementn.)93.energy能量94.envelope信封95.envyn.妒忌(enviousadj.)96.equal(NMET1998)97.equipment设备98.especially尤其是99.essential(NMET1999)100.European欧洲人101.event事件102.excellent极好(excellencen.excellentlyadv.)103.exhibition(NMET1997)104.exhibition展览105.expense耗费106.experience经验(experienced有经验的)107.expert专家108.expression表达109.failure失败(failv.)111.familiar熟悉的)112.favorite最喜爱的113.figure人物/数字114.finger手指115.flight飞行116.forehead前额117.foreign(外国的)118.fortunately幸运地119.forward向前120.freezing极冷的(frozen冷冻的)121.frequently经常地122.furniture家具123.further进一步的124.generally125.geography地理127.government(NMET1996)128.gradually逐渐地129.graduation毕业(graduate)130.grammar语法131.habits(NMET1997)133.honesty诚实(honest)134.honor/honour荣誉135.imagination想象力(imaginev.)136.immediate(2000北京春季卷)137.immediately马上138.impress印象(impressionn.)139.incident小事件140.including包括(includev.)141.indispensable(NMET1999)142.industry工业(industrialadj.工业的)143.information信息144.inspire激励(inspirationn.inspiring,inspired)145.institute学院146.instrument仪器147.interest兴趣148.interrupt打断150.introduce介绍(introductionn.)151.irregular不规则的152.journey旅程153.judge判断(judgment)154.kindergarten幼儿园155.knowledge知识156.labor/labour劳动157.late1y(NMET1999)158.laughter笑声159.lawyer律师160.librarian图书馆理员161.loss损失(lose,lost是其动词形式)162.luckily幸运地163.magazine杂志164.majority(2000北京春季卷)165.majority大多数166.manage设法(manager,management)167.market(2000全国卷)168.marriage结婚(marryv.结婚，married已婚的)169.material(s)/cloth(NMET1996)170.material物质/材料171.mayor市长172.mean(NMET1999)173.measure测量174.medal奖章(比较：model模型)175.memory记忆力(memorizev.记住，remember记得)176.messages(2000全国卷)177.metal金属178.modern现代的179.modest谦虚的180.monitor班长/监控181.moustache胡子182.murder谋杀(murderer凶手)183.musician音乐家184.mysterious神秘的(mystery神秘)185.nationality国籍(nation国家，national国家的)186.naturally(NMET1998)187.naughty淘气的188.necessary(NMET1999)189.ninth(NMET1998)190.normal正常的191.obey(NMET1997)192.obviously明显的193.offering(2000全国卷)194.operation手术195.opportunity机会196.ordinary普通的197.organized/organised(NMET1996)198.particularly特别是199.passenger旅客200.passengers(NMET1999)201.patience耐心(patiently)202.patient病人/耐心203.perfect完美(perfectly)204.performed(2000北京春季卷)205.perhaps或许206.period时期207.permission许可208.persuaded(NMET1996)209.phenomena现象210.physicist物理学家211.pilots(2000全国卷)212.poisonous有毒的(poison)213.political政治的(politics)214.popular受欢迎的215.population人口216.position职位217.possibility(-ies)可能性(possible可能的)218.poverty贫穷(poor)220.practical(NMET1997)221.preparing(NMET1998)222.pressure(NMET1997)223.pretend假装224.professor教授225.profit利润226.progress进步227.pronunciation(2000北京春季卷)228.provide提供(比较：offer,supply)229.public公众230.purpose目的231.quality(质量)232.quantity数量233.realistic(现实的)234.receive收到235.recently(最近)236.recognised/recognized(认识认知)237.recognize认出(recognition承认)238.regards问候239.remind提醒240.repeat(repetit