涪陵港北拱多用途码头工程—桥吊码头结构设计翻译.doc

The development of portIn recent years, the port development of the external environment has undergone some dramatic changes in port some significant impact on development.First of all, the rapid development of new technologies has been the ports construction and operation and management had a major impact. As an important international logistics chain link, port efficiency, service levels and reliability are very crucial factor. And modern technology, especially information and automation technology can provide a good port logistics process control and management. Therefore, the port might provide good information and communications infrastructure of the ports, more competition in the future to demonstrate its advantages.Secondly, the development of industry globalization has increased the world economy and trade interdependence. As a result of technological advances and lower transportation costs, a more prominent location advantage, in the past, the production process can be integrated in a different region in order to enhance the cost and service advantages. Industry globalization, the process of production and circulation so that more standardized, thus giving rise to a multimodal transport and logistics service demand. Furthermore, multimodal transport and the emergence of integrated logistics, have an important impact on the port. Port international logistics chain is an integral part of the system must be coordinated with the entire production process to meet the complex needs of modern customers. Modern ports must be able therefore to provide fast, reliable and flexible integrated logistics services. Users according to their logistics strategy, according to a strict budget and the progress of arrangements for multimodal transport and the door-to-door transport. Therefore, the port must be the center of inter-modal containers, and can provide connectivity with the hinterland and efficient network set. Finally, the integration of the development of Hong Kong City, a close relationship between the Hong Kong City. Most of the port city of the world attached great importance to the development of the port and the development of Xingcheng, the development strategy of Hong Kong to encourage and support the development of the port, to foster closer ties between Hong Kong City. Ports of these cities has become an integral and important component of the new economic growth points.With the changes in the external environment, the modern trend in the development of the port were as follows: 1.International port to port forward the fourth generation of the trend.The fourth generation of the main functions of the port will be in the business, integrated logistics hub, the whole transport services and international trade logistics base (the third generation of the port) on the basis of the marine ecosystem to the economic base to promote logistics services.2.Berth deep water channel and the trend of relocation of terminals.Ship of the trend towards large berths to adapt to the demand for profound changes, berths and channel depth of the general need for more than 15 meters above the coast terminal conditions require a good location, there is sufficient water depth. Earthwork excavation in order to reduce investment and engineering as well as access to adequate water depth and spacious fairways, water, and anchorage basin, the new terminal for the offshore trestle form, thus saving investment, short construction period, as early as the start, as early as income. Trend is the relocation of terminals to meet the International Ship and the needs of large-scale, reducing the time the ship into and out of waterways, dredging waterways to reduce the amount of choice in many urban areas away from the location.3. Terminal handling equipment specialization and large-scale trend.Ship on the pier a large scale of production has made new demands, berths, facilities and other production facilities will inevitably be expanded accordingly. set to play the role of rail in the port terminal operations also need to layout the railway line and the stop line, also called for the expansion of the Hong Kong area. Modern high-tech production in the port as a concrete manifestation of the rationalization process of the port handling, port handling system for the electrification of mechanization, automation and modern management tools.4. The port information, network trends.As a result of the maritime transport industry itself has a strong international, port information network to improve efficiency is an important tool. Port of the revolution in information technology industry is one of the coke EDI, will enable the port through its computer system directly with the users, the owner, as well as other agencies (such as the Customs and Excise) to communicate the computer system to better promote the exchanges between the major ports and cooperation.5. Harbor logistics distribution center to a diversified development trend.Port in the modern international trade and transport system is gradually strengthening the strategic position and is playing an increasingly active role. Modern port is the hub of transportation of goods by sea, is an international commodity storage and distribution of the distribution center as well as trade, development of processing industries together, the port has become an international cargo transport chain and the world more and more important economic and trade development of the Group into a part of. In addition to the traditional modern port cargo handling, cargo transit and distribution of functional products, but also an increase of industrial value-added features and services. A modern international port must be set a logistics center, business center, information and communications service centers and service centers as a whole in order to consolidate and improve its transport links in the status and role. International transport operators are to the integrated logistics service providers into its services from a simple change in the provision of transportation services, transport, packaging, storage, distribution and other value-added services. In order to adapt to these changes, the port the need to strengthen its logistics functions and information.Chinese and foreign capital are optimistic about the prospects for the development of Qingdao port, with a total investment of 1.4 billion U.S. dollars Qianwan four projects, from Qingdao Port and Dubai World, Maersk, China Ocean, an international joint implementation of the Pan Asia is Qingdaos largest foreign investment projects.According to Xinhua News Agency reported March 27, although in 2008 the maritime and river ports in China, the general decline in throughput, but optimistic about the coastal province of Shandong in eastern Chinas port industry development prospects of domestic and foreign investors, did not stop around the Yellow River Delta expansion.March, Qingdao shipping two construction companies are stepping up the construction of four Qianwan Sham 10 large container berths. A total investment of 1.4 billion U.S. dollars of the former Bay 4, from Qingdao to Hong Kong and Dubai World,丹麦马Maersk, China Ocean, an international joint implementation of the Pan Asia is Qingdaos largest foreign investment projects.Bay 4 on the Bay next to the former, Chinas large-scale terminal operator China Merchants International Co., Ltd. has been completed in five berths, the other two berths of the construction has been drawing to a close.Chinese and foreign capital are very optimistic about the prospects for the development of the port of Qingdao, Qingdao Development Authority Office incoming Luo Hao said, the depths of water in the port of Qingdao Jiaozhou Bay in width, is the natural Ice-free port, but also very close to the main channel from the international.In addition, Hong Kong and the hinterland of Qingdao economic development of the Shandong Peninsula, China to take Japan, South Korea, an important transfer of industry areas, suitable for container transport more cargo.Over the years, Qingdao Port has been the Chinese mainlands second-largest foreign trade port and the Yangtze River, north of the main hub of the largest container port, second only to the container throughput of Shanghai and Shenzhen. This is Shandong, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu and other provinces in the Yellow River Basin of the 11 major access to the sea.Shandong coastal ports as a microcosm of the industry, Qingdao, Shandong-Hong Kong Hong Kong show business climate index. By the international financial turmoil, Chinas major ports along the coast in January to achieve throughput of only 324 million tons, up 7.4 percent decline.However, some promising investments in the port industry in Shandong has not stopped in the sea and river ports in the expansion. In 2008, Shandong China in addition to Department of Transportation for the construction of 127 million yuan of funds, but also the achievement of contracted foreign investment 4.4 billion yuan.As one of the worlds top 500 US-Malaysia Senda Group has been in Weifang, Rizhao Jining and three pieces of cloth.In addition to investment in Hong Kong Jining paragraph-long arch and the Pacific, such as river port outside Hong Kong, the United States Sendashonga currently the largest investment in Shandong Weifang Sendashonga among the United States and Hong Kong, its registered capital has increased to 100 million U.S. dollars. 2008, Weifang Sendashonga cargo throughput in the United States and Hong Kong exceeded 1,000 million tons. Up to now, the United States and the Group in Weifang Sendashonga a total investment of more than 200 million U.S. dollars.PMB officials in Shandong Province said that the current peer and competition is perhaps the realization of turn beyond the best time. The global economic turmoil led to domestic and foreign capital to seek strategic desire to become strong, capital, industry and human resources to accelerate the flow of elements.Incoming industry in Shandong also the favor of domestic investors. Yantai Maritime Hainan Airlines was the largest logistics Xinhua Holdings Limiteds revenues. Yantai international shipping companies to cooperate with Hainan Airlines has entered the substance of the operational phase, the joint venture has completed the industrial and commercial registration, the first batch of 300 million yuan investment in place.In the sea in Shandong Chemical Equity Transfer At the same time, Dongying and China National Offshore Oil Corporation signed an agreement, which will be carried out in the Dongying Port crude oil terminal and pipeline construction.Shandong Province in 2009 the building will be strong for the incoming target, focus on the implementation of an international shipping center in Northeast Asia and the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal the construction of two major channel strategies, actively promote the container, iron ore, oil and coal chemical industry focus on four major development, construction, integration of Qingdao , Yantai, Rizhao, Weihai, Jining, such as five international trade center.Confidence in the industry in Shandong incoming from Shandong unique advantage. Shandong North near the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea east, home of the North-East transport hub on the Adriatic; stretches more than 3,100 kilometers of continental coastline, accounting for 1 / 6; has rich resources and good port for Betterment of Hong Kong conditions, can be built on a natural deep-water berths port ranks first.At present, Shandong Province, has taken shape in order to Qingdao Port, Rizhao Port and Yantai-based hub port, Longkou port of Weihai port an important port for the region, Weifang, Penglai, Shandong, such as small and medium-sized port for the modernization of the port group added. - 2nd,2009,港口的发展近年来，港口发展的外部环境出现了一些重大变化，对港口发展造成一些重要影响。首先，新技术的高速发展已对港口的建设和经营管理产生了重要影响。作为国际物流链上重要的一环，港口的效率、服务水平及可靠性是非常关键的因素。而现代技术，尤其是信息与自动化技术可为港口物流过程提供良好的控制与管理。因此，信息港或可提供良好信息与通讯基础设施的港口，在未来竞争中更能显示其优势。其次，产业全球化发展增加了世界各国经济与贸易的相互依赖性。由于技术的进步及运输成本的降低，区位优势更加突出，以往综合的生产过程可以分别在不同的区域内进行，以加强成本与服务优势。产业全球化，使生产与流通过程更加规范化，从而引起了多式联运与物流服务需求的增加。再次，多式联运与综合物流的出现，对港口产生重要影响。港口只是国际物流链上的一个组成部分，必须与整个系统协调一致才能满足复杂生产过程和现代用户的需求。因此现代港口必须能够提供快速、可靠而灵活的综合物流服务。用户根据其物流战略，按照严格的预算与进展安排多式联运和门到门运输。所以港口必须成为集装箱多式联运的中心，并能提供与腹地连接的高效集疏运系统网络。最后，港城一体化的发展，密切了港城关系。世界上大多数港口城市都十分重视港口的发展，并制定以港兴城的发展战略，鼓励和扶持港口的发展，港城关系更加密切。港口已经成为这些城市不可分割的重要组成部分和新经济增长点。随着外部环境的变化，现代港口呈如下发展趋势:1.国际港口向第四代港口推进的趋势。第四代港口的主要功能将是在商业、综合物流枢纽、全程运输服务中心和国际商贸后勤基地（第三代港口）的基础上，向海洋生态经济后勤服务基地推进。2.泊位、航道深水化和码头外移的趋势。船舶大型化的趋势使码头泊位为适应这一需求发生着深刻的变化，泊位和航道水深一般需要超过15米以上，码头地理位置要求海岸条件良好，有足够的水深。为减少开挖土方量和工程投资，又能获得足够的水深和宽敞的航道、水域、锚地和港池，新建码头多为离岸栈桥形式，这样可节省投资，施工期短，早投产，早收益。码头外移趋势是为了满足国际船舶大型化的需要，减少船舶进出航道的时间，减少航道疏浚量，多选择在远离市区的位置。3.码头专业化和装卸设备大型化的趋势。船舶大型化对码头生产规模提出了新的要求，泊位、场地等生产设施必然相应扩大。为了发挥铁路集疏运的作用，在港区码头还需要布置铁路作业线和停车线，也要求港区面积扩大。现代高科技在港口生产中具体表现为港口装卸工艺的合理化、港口装卸机械化系统的电气化、自动化以及管理手段的现代化。4.港口信息化、网络化的发展趋势。由于海上运输业本身所具有的强烈国际性，港口信息网络化无疑是提高服务效率的重要手段。港口业信息技术革命的焦之一是EDI，通过它可以使港口的计算机系统直接同用户、货主以及其他机构（如海关）的计算机系统进行通信，更好地促进各大港口之间的交流与合作。5.港口功能多元化并向物流分拨中心发展的趋势。港口在现代国际贸易和运输系统中的战略地位正在逐步加强，并发挥着日益活跃的作用。现代化港口，既是货物海路联运的枢纽，又是国际商品储存、集散的分拨中心，也是贸易、加工业发展的聚集地，港口也成为国际货物运输链和世界经济贸易发展越来越重要的组成部分。现代港口除了传统的货物装卸、货