牛津9B第四单元知识点.doc

Welcome to the unit1. Me neither.我也不，源于neither + be动词/助动词/情态动词 + 与前句不同的主语，用于表述与前句所述相同的否定情况。1 Neither用作形容词，后接单数名词，意为“（两者中）没有一个”Neither story is interesting.2 用作代词，后接“of+名词”Neither of the stories was true.3 Neither用作连词，常与nor连用，构成neither.nor.，意为，既不、也不、连接同等的句子成分，当连接主语时，动词与靠近它的主语一致。Im neither for nor against it.我既不赞成，也不反对。Neither you nor I am right.你和我都不对。2. how do you like=what do you think of3. Hate v 不喜欢，讨厌，其用法如下1 后接名词或者代词 We hate our enemy.2 hate to do sth不愿意做（一时性的）3 hate doing sth不喜欢（经常性）4 hate + that从句5 hate sb doing sth不愿意某人做某事4. might为may的过去式，意为可能， might have done本来肯能做好却没做You might have finished the work earlier.你本来可以早点完成这项工作的。Might 可意为“可能，会”，表示猜测，还可意为“可以”，表允许Reading 5. 、by the year 2100.by the year2100是一个时间状语，可在句中做插入语，也可以放在句子末尾。意为到2100年1 by + 现在的时间，用现在完成时2 by + 将来的时间，用一般将来时3 by + 过去的时间，用过去完成时6. Our own planet, the Earth, is becoming.in population.1) more and more用作副词性短语，意为越来越；用作形容词性短语，意为越来越多的2) polluted adj受污染的；pollute v 污染 pollution n 污染3) rapid，快的，迅速的，可作表语或定语，副词形式为rapidly4) increase n 增加 v增加，提高7. At present, our.it would take months.large/great/small numbers of + 名词单复数，意为大量/许多/少量的、a number of 与the number of前一个意为许多，后接名词复数，谓语动词通常用复数形式后一个意为、的数量，后接名词单数，谓语动词要用单数形式8. With the development of technology, by the year, the journey.speed of light.1) journey n.旅行，旅程journey , travel 与trip1 Journey，指一次旅行，主要指陆地上的长途旅行，也指旅行的路程，是比较正式的用于2 Travel不可数名词，泛指旅行，游历，尤指国外旅行，但无路程的含义3 Trip是旅行和访问的总称，是非正式用语，通常可作journey的替换词2) Speed n.速度，常与at，with搭配，表示以、速度，但应注意用 all，great时，speed前用with。构成的短语有：at full/top speed全速；at (an) ordinary speed以正常速度；at a low/reasonable speed以低/合理的速度；at (a) speed of以、速度；with all/great speed全速/以极快的速度9. Food would most probably in the form of pills.so tasty.1) Form形式，形状，构成短语 in the form of呈、的形状，以、形式2) Tasty味道好的10. 分数与百分数在英语中，表示分数的方法是，分子用基数，分母用序数。a/one half 1/2 a (one) fourth或 a (one) quarter 1/4two thirds2/3 three fourths或three quarters 3/4 two and three fifth 21) 百分数是由基数词（或小数）和百分号（%）构成，%读作percent2) 分数词和百分数词做主语，其谓语动词形式分别与of之后的名词在数上保持一致。3) 分数词和百分数词用于数字运算做主语时，加法，乘法后的谓语动词可单可复，减法和除法后面的谓语动词用单数。11. People would have to o space.1) specially adv特别地，专门地；特地，在句中作状语especially与specially1 Especially adv尤其，特别，通常用来对前面所述的事件进行进一步的补充或说明Its especially hot today.He likes all subjects, especially English.2 Specially adv专门地，特地，表示“不是为了别的，而只是为了”，强调唯一目的He came here especially to say sorry to her.2) Prevent v 阻止，防止。Prevent.from防止、做、12. Compared with life.in some ways.1) compare v对照，比较Compare to把、比作、 compare with把、同、进行2) in some ways在某些方面3) Way常用短语归纳lose ones way迷路 make ones way to到、的路 in a way在某种程度上by the way顺便说一下 in no way绝不 in every way在各方面in this way用这种办法 no way没门，不行13. Every student would.a computer connected to an interplanetary network.此句中，过去分词connected引导定语从句，表示被动Connect to或connect with表示两物相连接14. As well as连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式取决于as well as前的主语就近与就远原则就近原则：1.There be 句型 There is a book and some pencils on the desk. =There are some pencils and a book on the desk.2.neither.nor. Neither you nor he is right. = Neither he nor you are right.3.either.or. Either they or Jim is going to Shanghai next Saturday. = Either Jim or they are going to shanghai next Saturday.4.not only.but also. Not only Ann but also her parents stay at home every Sunday. = Not only Anns parents but also she stays at home every Sunday.就远原则代表词汇：as well as；（together/along）with；rather than；except；besides；but；including；in addition to；apart from He rather than I is right.Nobody but two students is in the classroom.就远原则What he does or what he says does not concern me . 他的行为或言谈都与我无关。 Neither you nor I am wrong . 你和我都没错。 Not you but your father is to blame . 不是你，而是你父亲该受责备。 Not only you but(also) he is wrong .不仅你错了，他也错了。15. Are scientists in agreement that living on Mars would be possible for humans in the future?1) Agreement n.同意，协议 in agreement同意；（意见或感情）协调，一致其动词形式为agree，同意，赞同。与agree的相关搭配：agree to (a plan)同意（计划）agree to do同意做 agree with sb同意某人的意见 agree with还有天气、气候适合某人的意思 agree on/ upon/about就某事取得一致意见2) Possible adj可能的 其副词形式possibly 反义词 impossible 名词possibility后可接of sth/doing sth或that引导的同位语从句16. Advantage既可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，意为优势，优点，有利条件，其反义词为disadvantage劣势，不利条件 take advantage of利用、的优势17. Carry out开展，执行Carry on与carry out1 Carry on指某种已发生的动作或行为将继续，常翻译成从事；进行；继续2 Carry out实现，完成（某项工作），执行，贯彻；计划；履行18. Correctly adv正确地