英语国家概况New_Zealand.ppt

Newzealand 生物1122姜宗森孙文鞠丹崔雨婕 Geography TheGeographicalFeatures NewZealandisintheSouthernPacificOcean halfwaybetweentheequatorandtheSouthPole ItislocatedwithintheRingofFire aregionencirclingthePacificOceanwherethemovementoftectonicplates板块leadstovolcanicandseismic 5saIzmIk 地震activity 新西兰是南太平洋 位于赤道和南极 这是位于内的火环 环绕在构造板块的运动导致的火山和地震活动的太平洋地区 Ithastwomainislands NorthIslandandSouthIsland MtCook 库克山 thehighestpeak 3 754metershigh LakeTaupo 陶波湖 thelargestlake covering606sqkm itis40kmlongand27kmwide Inthesurroundingareaarenumerousgeysersandhotsprings TheClutha 该克卢撒 thelargestriver 336kmlongintheSouthIsland Large longgroupofislandsfromNorthtoSouthTwomainlandmasses 陆地 NorthIslandSouthIslandSeparatedbytheCookStrait 库克海峡 ThirdlargestIslandisStewartIslandSouthofSouthIslandCapital Wellington 惠灵顿 LargestCity Auckland 奥克兰 TheLand NorthIslandVolcanoes 火山 MountainsSouthIslandMountainchainsLakes rivers inlets 入口 Cool rainy forested Climate TheclimateofNewZealandisgenerallytemperate butbecausethecountryrunsnorthsouth theclimateisvaried Newzealand sclimateisdominatedbytwomaingeographicalfeatures theseaandthemountains SincethesmalllandmassofNewZealandissurroundedbyalargeexpanseofocean theclimateofNewZealandistemperateoceanic whichmeansthattheseasonalvariationsinNewZealandaremuchslighterthanincontinentalcountries Majorcities wellington 惠灵顿 isthecaptialofnewzealand locatedatthesoutherntipofthenorthisland itistheworld smostsoutherncaptial intermsofpopulation itisnewzealand ssecondlargestcity Auckland 奥克兰 locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthislandAuckland locatedinthenorthernpartofthenorthisland isthelargestcityinnewzealand ithasabout1 5millioninhabitants one thirdofthecountry sentirepopulation inthemaorilanguage aucklandmeans thecityof100lovers itearnedthisnamebecauseitwasaplacedesiredbyallandconqueredbymany History DiscoveryOfNewZealandNewZealandasaColony 作为一个殖民地 NewZealandasaDominion 新西兰为自治领 NewZealandasaRealm 新西兰成为王国 Discovery Thefirstinhabitants 第一批居民 Polynesian 波利尼西亚 people ancestorsoftheMaoris 毛利人 betweenaround700and2000yearsagocooperate compete fightwitheachother developedtheirdistinctMorioriculture 不同的毛利人文化 TheDutchexplorer AbelTasmanThefirstEuropean 阿贝尔塔斯曼 duringhisvoyageof1642 43Withoutsettingfootashore 上岸 crew 船员 killed NewzealandasaColony Colony 1840 1907 Thefirstsignificantvoyage 航行 ofdiscoverywasundertakenbyJamesCook whobeganextensiveexploratonoftheislandsin1769 ItwasCook 库克 whoprovedthatNewZealandconsistedoftwoislands Cook svoyageeventuallyledtotheeuropeancolonizationofit AnincreasingnumberofsettlerscametoNewZealandeithertotradeortobuylandforfarming 越来越多的定居者来到新西兰的任何贸易或买地耕作 ThecaptainCook NewZealandbecameaBritishcolony signingoftheTreatyofWaitangi 签署怀唐伊条约 In1840 BritishrepresentativesoftheBritishCrownandchiefsofthenativeMaorissignedtheTreatyofWaitangi 1840 土著毛利人和英国代表英国王室的首领签署条约 Contentsofthetreaty 条约的内容 TheimpactofthetreatyonNewZealandnow 条约在新西兰现在的影响 NewZealandasaDominion Fromacolonytoadominion In1907 NewZealandchangedfromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion equalinstatustoAustraliaandCanada SixstagesofNewZealandasaDominion In1907 fromaBritishcolonytoaseparatedominion 1907年 从英国殖民地独立的统治 DuringWorldWar NewZealandenthusiasticallybackedBritainandsufferedlargecasualties 第一次世界大战期间 新西兰热情地支持英国 遭受了巨大的人员伤亡 Inthelate1920s encounteredeconomyproblemsandtookmeasurestosolvethem 在1920年代末 遇到经济问题和采取措施解决这些问题 InworldWar onceagainsufferedextraordinarycasualties 在世界大战 再次遭受了非同寻常的伤亡 AfterworldWar NewZealandenteredintoaperiodofsustained 持续的 economygrowth anditstrengtheneditsrelationship 关系 withtheUnitedStates In1947 NewZealandwastotalindependencefromBritain In1983 theterm dominion wasreplacedwith realm NewZealandsignedtheANZUSTreaty TheAustralia NewZealand UnitedStatesSecurityTreaty澳新美公约 withtheUnitedStatesandAustralia In1951 NewZealandasaRealm NuclearPolicyandDavidRussellLange FamousPrimeMinister Government IndependentStateConstitutionalmonarchywithaparliamentarydemocracy 君主立宪制和议会民主制 Nowrittenconstitution buttheConstitutionAct 宪法法案 of1986definesthestructureofthegovernment ThreebranchesofgovernmentLegislative parliament 立法 国会 Executive departmentsandagencies 主管 部门和机构 Judicial courts HeadofState QueenElizabethII 女王伊丽莎白二世 representedbyaGovernor GeneralRoleismainlyceremonial realpoliticalpowerisheldbythePrimeMinisterwhoisheadofthegovernment 作用主要是礼仪 真正的政治权力是由总理举行的政府 TheLegislature Parliament 议会 developedfromtheBritishparliamentarysystem 英国议会制度称 knownastheWestminstersystem 威斯敏斯特体系 ofgovernment andisthelaw makingbodyoftheNewZealandgovernment ConsistsofSovereign 君主 andHouseofRepresentatives 众议院 Theexecutive ThebranchoftheNewZealandgovernmentismadeoftheCabinet thePrimeMinisterandthepublicsector 新西兰政府的分支是由内阁 首相和公共部门 TheGovernorGeneralisappointedbytheSovereignonthePrimeMinister srecommendationforatermoffiveyears 总督任命的主权在总理的推荐词的五年 Thejudiciary TheJudiciaryappliesthelawbyhearinganddecidingcases ItismadeupofjudgesandjudicialofficersThejudiciary courtsystem isindependentofthegovernment People Asmentionedearlier NewZealandisamulti ethniccountry includingthePacificpeople from thePacific Asia theMiddleEast LatinAmerica Europe andthelocalMaori NewZealandpeoplewarmandfriendly mostpeoplepreferoutdooractivities 如前所述 新西兰是一个多种族国家 其中包括太平洋人 来自太平洋地区 亚洲 中东 拉美 欧洲人 以及当地的毛利人 新西兰人热情友好 大部分人喜爱户外运动 Maori Indigenouspeople14 6 ofthepopulationin2006MostlivenowinurbanareasKinshipandtribalrolestillveryimportant EcologyandEconomy Nolandmammals 哺乳动物 until1 000yearsagoLotsofflightless 不会飞的 birdsKiwibird 奇异鸟 Livestock 牲畜 importanttoeconomy SheepAgriculturealsoimportantKiwi fruitForestry 林业 Fishing Geoenergy 地表热能 Lessthan4millionconsumers soeconomydependentonexportsServiceprovider consulting Languages BothEnglishandMaoriareofficiallanguagesofNewZealand Inapril2006NewZealandbecomethefirstcountrytodeclaresignlanguageasanofficiallanguage alongsideEnglishandMaori 英语和毛利语是新西兰的官方语言 在四月2006新西兰成为第一个宣布手语作为官方语言的国家 除了英语和毛利 MaoriisonlyusedinNewZealandandnowhereelseintheworld despiteitsofficialstatus thelanguagecontinuestostruggleforlife ItisonlyrecentlythattheMaorilanguagehasgatheredwidespreadsupport 毛利仅用于在新西兰和世界官方地位没有别的语言 继续奋斗的生活 直到最近 毛利人的语言已聚集了广泛的支持 Education EducationinNewZealandEducationisfreelyavailabletoeveryone Nearlyallschools