跨文化交际(胡超版)-判断题 及翻译.pdf

跨文化交际实用教程 判断题及翻译 Unit 1 T 1 As a phenomenon intercultural communication has existed for thousands of years However as a discipline its history is only about fifty years 作为一种现象 跨文化传播已经存在了数千年 然而 作为一门学科 它的历史只有大约五十年 F 2 Intercultural Communication as a discipline first started in Europe 跨文化交际是欧洲第一门学科 F 3 Culture is a static entity 静态的 实体 while communication is a dynamic process 文化是一个静态的实体而沟通是一个动态的过程 T 4 Culture can be seen as shared knowledge what people need to know in order to act appropriately in a given 约定的 特定的 culture 文化可以被看作是一种共享的知识 人们需要知道的是在一个特定的文 化中扮演适当的行为 T 5 Although cultural stereotype has its limitations over generalization it still contributes to a person s cultural cognition 认识 认知文化刻板印象虽有其局限性 但仍有助于人的文化认知 T 6 In intercultural communication we should separate one s individual character from cultural generalization 在跨文化交际中 我们要把自己的个性和文化的泛化分开 T 7 Cultural mistakes are more serious than linguistic mistakes The linguistic mistake means that someone is not fully expressing his or her idea while cultural mistakes can lead to serious misunderstanding and even ill feeling between individuals 文化错误比语言错误更严重 语言错误意味着有人不能充分表达自己的 想法 而文化上的错误会导致严重的误解 甚至个人之间的不适感 F 8 All people of the same nationality will have the same culture 所有同一民族的人都会有相同的文化 T 9 Although two cultures may share the same ideas their meaning and significance may not be the same 虽然两国文化有着相同的想 法 但它们的意义和意义可能不一样 F 10 One s actions are totally independent of his or her culture 个人的行为完全独立于他或她的文化 Unit 2 T 1 All cultures require and value politeness but the ways in which politeness is achieved may vary significantly 所有的文化都需要和价值的礼貌 但礼貌的方式可能会有所不同 T 2 Don t take offence getting the form of address wrong is rarely intended to be offensive 不要拿 错误 的形式来攻击 这是很难得的进攻 T 3 Addressing forms like Miss Mary Brown by the Chinese may be a form of cultural compromise 解决形式如 玛丽小姐 棕色 由中国可能是一种文化妥协的形式 T 4 Ranks in the armed forces like Captain Colonel can be used as titles 上校 上校 上校 可以用作头衔 F 5 Westerners can understand what Uncle policeman or P L A Uncle means 西方人能够理解警察叔叔和解放军叔叔的手段 F 6 We can address Jason Douglas who is a lawyer as Lawyer Douglas 我们可以解决杰森道格拉斯 他是个律师 律师道格拉斯 F 7 Chinese hospitality toward the westerners is always greatly appreciated 中国人对西方人的热情好客是非常赞赏的 F 8 The Chinese way of showing concern is usually appreciated by the Westerners 西方人对中国人的关注往往受到西方人的赞赏 F 9 Thank you for coming is a typical expression used by Western hosts when the guests just arrived 谢谢你的到来 当客人刚到的时 候 这是西方主人使用的一种典型的表达形式 T 10 I m sorry to have wasted your time or I m sorry to have taken up so much of your time are usually appropriate for the business visit 我很抱歉浪费了你的时间 或者 我很抱歉占用了你这么多时间 通常都 是适合商务拜访的 Unit 3 T 1 sometimes the Chinese way of showing modesty may be considered as fishing for compliments 有时 中国人表现出谦虚的方式可以被视为对赞美的赞美 T2 The social functions of Chinese and English compliments are roughly the same 汉语和英语的社会功能大致相同 T 3 In informal situations a large number of compliments are used to make people feel comfortable 在非正式场合 大量的赞美是让人感到舒服的 F 4 The cultural assumption of compliments is the same between cultures 文化的假设是文化的相同的 T 5 Adjectives and verbs are often used to convey compliment message in English while adjectives adverbs and verbs are often used in Chinese 形容词和动词常被用来传递英语中的恭维话 而形容词 副词和动词常 被用在汉语里 F6 English compliments often begin with the word you while Chinese compliments often start with the word I 英语的赞美常 以 你 一词开头 而中国人的赞美常以 我 一词开头 F 7 Chinese people give more compliments in daily life than Americans 在日常生活中 中国人比美国人更为赞美 F8 Americans tends to be self effacing in their compliments responses 美国人往往自谦在称赞别人的反应 F9 Compliments on other s belongings are sometimes an indirect way of request in American culture 对他人财物的赞美有时是美国文化中的一种间接的方式 T10 If a guest compliments something in another person s home the Chinese host or hostess will probably give that thing to the guest 如果一个客人在别人家里赞美别人的话 中国主人或女主人很可能会把 这件事告诉客人 Unit 4 F 1 Verbal communication is more important than nonverbal communication 言语交际比非语言交际更为重要 F 2 Dragon means the same to the Westerner as 龙 to the Chinese 龙 是指同为西方人的 龙 到中国 F 3 The Chinese phrase 知识分子 has the same meaning as intellectual 中国 知识分子 具有相同的含义是 知识 T 4 A term in one language may not have a counterpart in another language 在一种语言中的一个术语在另一种语言中可能没有对等词 F 5 In referring to animals and birds the Chinese practice is generally but not always to use 公 or 母 to show whether a creature is male or female This is the same with the English language 在谈到动物和鸟类 中国的做法是通常 但不总是 用 公 或 母 来表 明该生物是否是男性或女性 这与英语是一样的 T 6 The following six English word vice associate assistant deputy lieutenant and under can all mean 副 in Chinese language 以下六个英文单词 副 联想 助理 副 中尉 和 下 都 是 副 在汉语中 F 7 There are as many similarities as dissimilarities between English proverbs and Chinese proverbs 有许多相似之处 英语谚语和汉语谚语的异同 T 8 Violating a cultural taboo is as serious as violating a verbal taboo 违反文化禁忌的是严重违背了言语禁忌 T 9 Patterns of thought varies with culture 思维方式随文化而变化 T10 Particular thought patterns predominate in each culture e g American culture is predominantly factual inductive Russian culture is predominantly axiomatic deductive and Arab cultures are predominately intuitive affective 在每一个特定的思维模式主导文化的 例如美国文化主要是事实的归 纳 俄罗斯文化主要是公理化演绎 和阿拉伯文化以直观的情感 Unit 5 T 1 Speaking is just one mode of communication There are many others 说只是一种交流方式 还有许多人 F 2 Some researchers assert that in face to face communication about 70 of information is communicated through speaking and over 30 sis sent by nonverbal means 一些研究者断言 在面对面的交流中 约有70 的信息是通过说话 而 超过30 则是通过非语言方式发送的 T 3 Environment is one of the five study areas that nonverbal communication covers 环境是非语言交际的五个研究领域之一 T 4 Much of our nonverbal behavior like culture tends to elusive spontaneous and frequently goes beyond our awareness 我们大部分的非语言行为 如文化 往往难以实现 自发的 往往超越 我们的认识 F 5 Latin American African Arab and most Asian cultures are M Time cultures 拉丁美洲 非洲 阿拉伯和大多数亚洲文化是单一的文化 T 6 Arab belongs to tough cultures 阿拉伯属于艰难的文化 T 7 In some cultures eye contact should be avoided in order to show respect or obedience 在一些文化中 为了表示尊重或服从 应该避免使用目光接触 T 8 The appropriateness of physical contact varies with different cultures 身体接触的适宜性因不同的文化而不同 F 9 Western women usually like Chinese to touch their bodies or small children 西方妇女通常喜欢中国人接触他们的身体或小孩 F 10 Seating arrangements reflect culture Chinese people tend to talk with those opposite them rather than those seated or standing beside them 座位安排体现文化 中国人倾向于和他们说话 而不是坐在他们旁边的 人 Unit 6 F 1 Gender is the cultural meaning of sex 性别是 性 的文化内涵 F 2 Sex and gender are synonymous 同义的性别和性别是同义词 T 3 A lady might be feminine masculine or a combination of both 一位女士可能是女性 男性或两者的结合 T 4 Women are generally comfortable with building close relationships and confiding to others while most men are reserved about involvement and disclosure 女性一般舒适与建筑密切关系和信任别人 而大多数人都保留对参与和 披露 F 5 Most men use communication to create connection or equality between people 大多数人用沟通来建立联系或平等的人 F 6 Women usually use communication to establish status and power 女性通常使用沟通来确立地位和权力 T 7 In feminine culture communication is a way probably the primary way to express and expand closeness 在女性文化中 传播是表达和扩大亲密关系的主要途径 T 8 Masculine socialization stresses doing things and regards action as primary ways to create and express closeness 男性社会化强调做事情 把行动视为创造和表达亲密的主要方式 T 9 The first and last principal for effective cross gender communication is suspending judgment 有效的跨性别传播的第一个和最后一个主要是中止判断 T 10 It is difficult but possible to seek translation cues that will facilitate our communication 这是困难的 但可能寻求翻译线索 将有利于我们的沟通 跨文化交际实用教程 复习总结简单版 1 外国人指下星期六是指这个周六 而我们中过人说下星期六是这个 星期后的星期六 参照时间点不同 2 外国人不喜欢人家说他 她老 3 名字顺序 He Xiangu Andrew Lewis Surname given name given name Surname 注意 surname last name given name first name 称呼职称时 中国 surname title 外国 Title surname 或Title surname given name 4 副的用法 vice associate assistant deputy under lieutenant Eg vice chairman associate proffessor assistant mananger deputy director undersecretary lieutenant governor 5 西方人认为下面的东西是私隐的 age salary health family visiting 拜访人家要提前通知 parting 6 在西方 如果去拜访人家 来到主人家时 客人会被立刻问到要不 要脱下大衣 out door clothing 如果客人说不脱了 表示他们只是 stay a few minutes 7 在中国 It is acceptable 留下东西在盘子里 但是在西方 这是不 礼貌的 要finish eating 8 In English only a few titles can be used Doctor Judge Governor Major Professor Nurse Captain Colonel 9 西方人可以当面指出朋友的错误 东方人不行 10 加拿大人 No seeing out when Guest leaves No stand up when your leaders comes in No help for old people 11 Positively commenting on somenting can indicate that the speaker like to possess it 所以中国人一听到人家说 I love your scarf It is really pretty 赞美她的东西 就会坚持要送给人家 12 中国人赞美的语言特征 以 you your 开头 西方人则以 I 开头 13 西方人认为losing weigh is good 中国人不认为good 14 M time 西方 Northern American Western and Northern European P time 东方 Latin American Afican Arab most Asian 15 地中海文化 夸张 大 悲痛 经常可以见到男性在公共场合哭 美国 男性压抑情感 日本 男性更加压抑情感 将生气 悲伤 失望用微笑掩埋 韩国 太多的微笑会被认为肤浅 泰国 The land of smiles 16 眼神接触 西方人希望有眼神接触 阿拉伯人也同意 日本人 Latin American 加勒比海人 不提倡太长时间眼神接触 17 谈话之间美国人不希望有silence 日本人很欣赏silence 18 Body contact Asia 地中海文化可以有同性之间的 但异性之间是禁止的 19 Negotiation 日本 中国 中东 巴西 墨西哥认为relationship在negotiaton重要 20 美国人见到别人打招呼用first name 也会touch people 英国人 则要熟络之后才用first name 21 英国人有很强的隐私 22 西方人通常选择座位 主人指的或他们喜欢的 中国人认为坐在 不是很舒服的位置可显示出谦虚 23 adj 和V经常被英语用来赞美 adj adv 和V经常被东方人用来赞 美 24 Taboos 东西方都是禁忌的 关于排泄物 sexual intercourse and parts of the body four letter words 诅咒 25 Thought patterns 美国 factual