固定句型中的动名词.doc

精品文档固定句型中的动名词 【提问】Experiencing English Integra Extended Book 2 第一页上有一个句子：I think it is worth repeating that Yale was the first university in the world to declare in her charter that training for public service was her paramount purpose. 请问句中的两处动名词repeating和training分别作什么成分？ 答：根据上一期内容中总结的动名词的功能可知，动名词具有名词性质，可以在句中作主语、宾语等。同时可以像名词一样在句中充当逻辑主语。有关动名词作逻辑主语的句型有：1. It + is + 名词 + doing sth 相应名词有：no use, no good, fun, point, sense, harm, a great pleasure, a waste of time, etc.例如：It is a bore broadcasting the rumor. 传播谣言是令人厌恶的事情。It is no good objecting to the decision he has made. 反对他已经作出的决定是毫无用处的。2. It + is + 形容词 + doing sth 相应形容词有：nice, good, senseless, expensive, useless, worthwhile, etc.例如：It is useless speaking aloud without any practical action. 光大声说而没有实际行动是没有用的。 It is worthwhile wasting time to sharpen a knife before using it. 用刀前花时间加以打磨是值得的。3. There is no + doing sth 意为“做某事是不可能的”。例如：There is no knowing what he really wants to express. 他到底想要表达什么谁也不知道。 There is no joking about such a serious matter. / There is no making a joke about such a serious matter. 这件事很严肃，开不得玩笑。4. It is + of + 名词 + doing sth 相应名词有：important, use, harm, help, significance, etc.例如：It is of significance warming teenagers to be cautious about the Internet. 警示青少年谨慎对待互联网是很有意义的。 It is still of help standing behind me silently. 安静地站在我身后就是一种支持。 因此，提问的句子中第一个动名词即符合It + is + 形容词 + doing sth 的形式，动名词repeating在句中作逻辑主语。原句相当于repeatingis worth。 动名词可以充当动词的宾语，而不同的动词则有固定的宾语形式。 1. 有的动词后面只能跟动名词作宾语。如：admit, appreciate, avoid, allow, cant help, complete, consider, deny, enjoy, finish, hate, imagine, keep, mention, mind, postpone, require, resist, suggest, understand, etc. 例如：Can you consider having a vacation with us to Beijing? 你能考虑和我们到北京度假吗？ It is a shame for the thief to recall having been caught by the police. 小偷羞于回忆被警察逮住的情景。 Who suggested you climbing up to the top of the tree to get apples? 是谁建议你爬到树顶去摘苹果的？ 2. 动名词在有些动词或形容词后，表示被动含义。相应的词语有：want, need, require, demand, deserve, worth, etc. 例如：Freedom of individuals requires explaining by public rules. 个人的自由需要由公共规则来诠释。 To get the gains needs doing some expending first. 想要收获就要先作出一定的投入。 This novel is worth reading again and again for me. 对我来说这本小说值得反复阅读。 3. 有些带to的动词短语，to是介词，不是动词不定式的标志，因此，后面只能跟名词性的动名词。这样的动词短语有：admit to, be used to, be opposed to, devote oneself to, keep to, lead to, look forward to, prefer to, turn to, etc. 例如：Look forward to hearing from you and being enrolled by your school. 期待您的消息，希望能被贵校录取。 People nowadays prefer watching DVDs at home instead of going to the cinema. 现在人们更愿意在家看DVD，而不愿去电影院。4. 感官动词后面常跟动名词，表示感触到的动作在持续地发生或正在进行中。这类感官动词有：see, watch, observe, notice, hear, listen to, taste, smell, etc. 例如：The researchers observed the trial mouse rushing in all directions after taking the medicine. 研究人员观察到了实验鼠服药后四下乱窜的情景。 Did you see the strange man in the corner drinking coffee the whole afternoon? 你有没有看到角落里那个陌生男子一下午都在喝咖啡？5. 有些动词既可以跟动名词作宾语，又可以接不定式，但是两种形式分别表示不同的意义。 例如：to stop doing停止做某事 to stop to do停下来去做另一件事 to forget to do 忘记做某事(没做) to forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做) to regret to do 对做某事遗憾(未做) to regret doing 对做过的某事遗憾(已做) to go on to do 继续做另一件事 to go on doing 继续做原来的那件事 to be afraid to do 害怕做某事(主观) to be afraid of doing 担心状况或被(客观) to mean to do 打算要做某事 to mean doing 意味着 like/love/prefer/hate to do 做具体、临时的动作 like/love/prefer/hate doing 经常性、习惯的动作。 根据上述动词与动名词的固定动宾搭配可知，提问中的动名词repeating跟在形容词wor