经济金融术语英汉对照.doc

经济金融术语英汉对照 A安全网safety 按可比口径on parable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补im plicitsubsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to granta licenceto办理存款业务to takedeposits保护农民的生产积极性to protectfarm ersincentive toproduce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation ofdom esticand foreigncurrencyaounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departm entalism奔小康to striveto prosper;to striveto bee well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mism atch币种构成currency position变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal）fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constantprice;in realterm s不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-perform ingloans（assets）C财务公司finance panies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressureon the central bank（over m oary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination offiscal andm oarypolicies采取循序渐进的方法in aphased andsequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product position;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current periodinventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接m arketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculatein the stock m arket承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品 pletesets ofequipm ent; pleteplant（s）城市信用社urban creditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperativebanks;m unicipalunited banks城市商业银行m unicipal m ercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growthin householdin e持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacem entcost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels初见成效initial suess出口统一管理、归口经营canalization ofexports出口退税export taxrebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。 ）储蓄分流diversion of household deposits储源萎缩decline inthe availabilityofhouseholdsavings传导机制transm issionm echanism从价税ad valoremtax从紧控制tight control存贷款比例loan/deposit ratio存款保险体系deposit insurancesystem存款货币银行deposit m oney banks存款准备金required reservesD打白条issue IOU大额存单certificate ofdeposit（CD）大额提现withdraw depositsin largeam ounts大面积滑坡wide-spread decline大一统的银行体制（all-in-one）m ono-bank system呆账（请见“坏账”）bad loans呆账准备金loan lossreserves（provisions）呆滞贷款idle loans贷款沉淀non-perform ingloans贷款分类loan classification贷款限额管理credit control;to impose creditceiling贷款约束机制credit disciplinary（constraint）m echanism代理国库to actas fiscalagent代理金融机构贷款m akeloans onbehalf ofother institutions戴帽贷款ear-m arkedloans倒逼机制reversed transmission ofthe pressurefor easingm oarycondition道德风险m oralhazard地区差别regional disparity第一产业the prim ary industry第二产业the secondaryindustry第三产业the serviceindustry;the tertiaryindustry递延资产deferrable assets订货不足insufficient orders定期存款tim edeposits定向募集raising fundsfrom targetedsources东道国（请见“母国”）host country独立核算independent aounting短期国债treasury bills对冲操作sterilization operation;hedging对非金融部门债权claim son non-financial sector多种所有制形式diversified ownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondary m arket F发行货币to issuecurrency发行总股本total stockissue法定准备金required reserves;reserve requirement法人股institutional shares法人股东institutional shareholders法治rule oflaw房地产投资real estateinvestm ent放松银根to easem oary policy非现场稽核off-site surveillance（or monitoring）非银行金融机构non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构non-profit organizations分税制assignm ent of centraland localtaxes;tax assignment system分业经营segregation of financial business（services）;division of business scopebased on the typeof financial institutions风险暴露（风险敞口）risk exposure风险管理risk managem ent风险意识risk awareness风险资本比例risk-weighted capitalratios风险资本标准risk-based capitalstandard服务事业收入public servicecharges;users charges扶贫poverty alleviation负增长negative growth复式预算制double-entry budgeting;capital andcurrent budgetaryaount G改革试点reform experimentation杠杆率leverage ratio杠杆收购leveraged buyout高息集资to raisefunds byoffering highinterest个人股non-institutional shares根本扭转fundam entalturnaround（or reversal）公开市场操作open m arket operations公款私存deposit publicfunds inpersonal aounts公用事业public utilities公有经济the state-owned sector;the publicsector公有制public ownership工业成本利润率profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值industrial valueadded供大于求supply exceedingdem and;excessive supply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equity cooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint-equity enterprises股份制银行joint-equity banks固定资产贷款fixed assetloans关税减免tariff reduction and exem ption关税减让tariff concessions关税优惠tariff incentives;preferential tarifftreatm ent规范行为to regularize（or standardize）behavior规模效益econom iesof scale国计民生national interestand peoples livelihood国家对个人其他支出other governm ent outlaysto individuals国家风险country risk国际分工international divisionof labor国际收支balance ofpaym ents国有独资商业银行wholly state-owned mercialbanks国有经济（部门）the state-owned（or public）sector国有企业state-owned enterprises（SOEs）国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosion ofstate assets国债回购governm entsecurities repurchase国债一级自营商prim aryunderwriters ofgovernm entsecurities过度竞争excessive petition过度膨胀excessive expansion过热迹象signs ofoverheating H合理预期rational expectation核心资本core capital合资企业joint-venture enterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好sound m acroeconom icperform ance宏观经济基本状况m acroeconom ic fundam entals宏观调控macroeconom ic managem ent（or adjustm ent）宏观调控目标macroeconom icobjectives（or targets）坏账bad debt还本付息debt service换汇成本unit exportcost;local currencycost ofexport earnings汇兑在途funds infloat汇兑支出advance paym ent ofrem ittanceby thebeneficiarys bank汇率并轨unification ofexchange rates活期存款dem anddeposits汇率失调exchange ratem isalignment混合所有制diversified（m ixed）ownership货币政策态势moary policystance货款拖欠overdue obligationsto suppliersJ基本建设投资investm entin infrastructure基本经济要素econom icfundamentals基本适度broadly appropriate基准利率benchm arkinterest rate机关团体存款deposits ofnon-profit institutions机会成本opportunity cost激励机制incentive mechanism积压严重heavy stockpile;excessive inventory挤提存款run onbanks挤占挪用unwarranted diversionof（financial）resources（from designateduses）技改投资investm entin technologicalupgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensive product计划单列市m unicipalitieswith independentplanning status计划经济planned econom y集体经济the collectivesector加大结构调整力度to intensifystructural adj ustment加工贸易processing trade加快态势aelerating trend加强税收征管稽查to enhance tax administration加权价weighted averageprice价格放开price liberalization价格形成机制pricing mechanism减亏to reducelosses简化手续to cutred tape;to simplify（stream line）procedures交投活跃brisk trading缴存准备金to depositrequired reserves结构扭曲structural distortion结构失调structural im balance结构性矛盾突出acute structural im balance结构优化structuralimprovem ent（optim ization）结汇、售汇sale andpurchase of foreign exchange金融脆弱financial fragility金融动荡financial turbulence金融风波financial disturbance金融恐慌financial panic金融危机financial crisis金融压抑financial repression金融衍生物financial derivatives金融诈骗financial fraud紧缩银根to tightenm oarypolicy紧缩政策austerity policies;tight financialpolicies经常账户可兑换current aountconvertibility经济特区special econom ic zones（SEZs）经济体制改革economicreform经济增长方式的转变change inthe m ain sourceof economic growth（from investm ent expansionto efficiencygains）经济增长减速economicslowdown;m oderationin economic growth经济制裁economicsanction经营自主权autonom yin managem ent景气回升recovery inbusiness activity境外投资overseas investm ent竞争加剧intensifying petition局部性金融风波localized（isolated）financial disturbanceK开办人民币业务to engagein RMBbusiness可维持（可持续）经济增长sustainable economic growth可变成本variable cost可自由兑换货币freely convertiblecurrency控制现金投放control currencyissuance扣除物价因素in realterm s;on inflation-adjusted basis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-border banking跨年度采购cross-year procurement会计准则aounting standardL来料加工processing ofim portedm aterialsfor export离岸银行业务off-shore banking（business）理顺外贸体制to rationalizeforeign traderegim e利率杠杆的调节作用the roleof interestrates inresource allocation利润驱动profit-driven利息回收率interest collectionratio联行清算inter-bank settlem ent连锁企业franchise（businesses）;chain businesses良性循环virtuous cycle两极分化growing in e disparity;polarization inin edistribution零售物价指数retail price index（RPI）流动性比例liquidity ratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocity ofliquid assets流动资金贷款working capitalloans流通体制distribution system流通网络distribution work留购（租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物）hire purchase垄断行业m onopolizedindustry（sector）乱集资irregular（illegal）fund raising乱收费irregular（illegal）charges乱摊派unjustified（arbitrary）levies M买方市场buyers m arket卖方市场sellers m arket卖出回购证券m atchedsale ofrepo贸易差额trade balance民间信用non-institutionalized credit免二减三exemptionof in etaxfor thefirst twoyears ofm aking profitand50%tax reductionfor thefollowingthree years明补explicit subsidy明亏explicit loss名牌产品brand products母国（请见“东道国”）hom ecountry N内部控制internal control内部审计internal audit内地与香港the mainland andHong Kong内债dom esticdebt扭亏为盈to turna loss-makingenterprise intoa profitableone扭曲金融分配distorted allocationoffinancialresources农副产品采购支出outlays foragricultural procurement农村信用社rural creditcooperatives（RCCs）P泡沫效应bubble effect泡沫经济bubble economy培育新的经济增长点to tapnew sourcesof economic growth片面追求发展速度excessive pursuitof growth平衡发展balanced development瓶颈制约bottleneck（constraints）平稳回升steady recovery铺底流动资金initial（start-up）working capital普遍回升broad-based recovery配套改革con itant（supporting）reform s配套人民币资金local currencyfunding ofQ企业办社会enterprises burdenedwith socialresponsibilities企业集团战略corporate groupstrategy企业兼并重组 panym ergerand restructuring企业领导班子enterprise managem ent企业所得税enterprise（corporate）in etax企业效益corporate profitability企业资金违规流入股市irregular flowof enterprisefunds into thestockmarket欠税tax arrears欠息overdue interest强化税收征管to strengthentax administration强制措施enforcem entaction翘尾因素carryover effect切一刀partial application清理收回贷款clean upand recoverloans（破产）清算liquidation倾斜政策preferential policy区别对待differential treatment趋势加强intensifying trend全球化globalization权益回报率returns onequity（ROE）缺乏后劲unsustainable mom entumR绕规模贷款to circumvent creditceiling人均国内生产总值per capitaGDP人均收入per capitaine人民币升值压力upward pressureontheRenm inbi（exchange rate）认缴资本subscribed capital软贷款soft loans软预算约束soft budgetconstraint软着陆soft landingS三角债chain debts;inter-enterprise arrears善政廉政good governance商业贷款 mercial loans上市公司（publicly）listed corporations设备利用capacity utilization社会保障social safety;social security（insurance）深层次矛盾deep-rooted structuralimbalance审批金融机构to licensefinancialinstitutions审慎监管prudential supervision生产能力闲置unutilized capacity生息资产interest-bearing assets实际利用外资disbursem entof foreigncapital;actual inflowof foreign investm ent实际有效汇率real effectiveexchangerate实时real time实收资本paid-in capital实现利润realized profit市场分割m arketsegm entation市场经济m arketeconomy市场占有率（市场份额）marketshare市场准入marketaess（指商品和劳务的进入）；marketentry（指机构的审批）市价总值marketcapitalization适度从紧appropriately tight适时调节tim elyadjustm ent收回对金融机构贷款to recallcentral bankloans（to financialinstitutions）税后还贷am ortization（repaym entof loans）after tax税收流失tax erosion税源不足weak taxbase私营经济（私人经济）the privatesector私有制private ownership所有者权益owners equityT逃税（请见“避税”）tax evasion套汇 （1）指合法currency swap;arbitrage （2）指非法illegal purchaseofforeign exchange剔除季节性因素seasonally adjusted调节流动性to influenceliquidity level贴现窗口discount window同比on year-on-year basis;over thesam eperiod ofthe previousyear同业拆借（放）inter-bank borrowing（lending）同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHI BOR（China inter-bank offeredrate）同业融通票据inter-bank financingbills同业往来inter-bank transactions透支overdraft退税tax refund（rebate）头寸position吞吐基础货币adj ustmentofmoary base脱媒现象disinterm ediationW外部审计external audit外国直接投资foreign directinvestm ent（FDI）外汇储备foreign exchangereserves外汇调剂foreign exchangeswap外汇占款the RMBcounterpart offoreignexchangereserves;the RMBequivalent ofoffcial foreignexchange holdings外向型经济export-oriented economy外债external debt外资企业foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度to improve them odernenterprise system完税凭证tax paym ent documentation违法经营illegal business委托存款entrusted deposits稳步增长steady growth稳健的银行系统a soundbanking system稳中求进to make progresswhile ensuringstability无纸交易book-entry（or paperless/*less）transaction物价监测price monitoring X吸纳流动性to absorbliquidity稀缺经济scarcity economy洗钱m oneylaundering系统内调度fund allocationwithin abank系统性金融危机system icfinancial crisis下岗工人laid-off employees下游企业down-stream enterprises现场稽核on-site examination现金滞留（居民手中）cash heldoutside thebanking system乡镇企业township andvillage enterprises（TVEs）消费物价指数consum erpriceindex（CPI）消费税excise（consum ption）tax消灭财政赤字to balancethe budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼reflow ofcorporate salesiothebanking system销售平淡lackluster sales协议外资金额 mitted amount offoreigninvestment新经济增长点new sourcesof economic growth新开工项目new projects;newly startedprojects新增贷款increm entalcredit;loan increment;credit growth;credit expansion新增就业位置new jobs;new jobopportunities信贷规模考核review the pliancewith creditceilings信号失真distorted signals信托投资公司trust andinvestmentpanies信息不对称inform ation asym metry信息反馈feedback（inform ation）信息共享系统inform ationsharing system信息披露inform ationdisclosure信用扩张credir expansion信用评级credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社”pertaining tosocialism orcapitalism;socialist orcaptialist行政措施adm inistrativem easures需求膨胀dem andexpansion;excessive demand虚伪存款window-dressing deposits削减冗员to shedexcess laborforce寻租rent seeking迅速反弹quick reboundY养老基金pension fund一刀切universal application;non-discretionary im plem entation一级市场primarymarket应收未收利息overdue interest银行网点banking outlets赢利能力profitability营业税business tax硬贷款（商业贷款）mercial loans用地审批to grantland useright有管理的浮动汇率m anagedfloating exchangerate证券投资portfolio investment游资（热钱）hot money有市场的产品m arketableproducts有效供给effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张trigger anew roundof economic expansion逾期贷款overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨to beepatible withinternationally aepted与国际市场接轨to integratewith theworld market预算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）预调pre-em ptiveadjustm ent月环比onam onth-on-m onthbasis;onam onthlybasis Z再贷款central banklending在国际金融机构储备头寸reserve positionin internationalfinancialinstitutions在人行存款deposits at（with）thecentralbank在途资金fund infloat增加农业投入to increaseinvestmentin agriculture增势减缓deceleration ofgrowth;m oderationof growthmom entum增收节支措施revenue-enhancing andexpenditure controlm easures增长平稳steady growth增值税value-added tax（VAT）涨幅偏高higher-than-desirable growthrate;excessive growth账外账concealed aounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchm ent;consolidation政策工具policy instrument政策性业务policy-related operations政策性银行policy banks政策组合policy mix政府干预governmentintervention证券交易清算settlementof securitiestransactions证券业务占款funding ofsecurities purchase支付困难paymentdifficulty支付能力paymentcapacity直接调控方式向to increasethe relianceon