八年级从属连词that及if_whether和疑问词引导的宾语从句__详细课件.ppt

简单句之一 主语 谓语 宾语Iboughtaverygoodbookyesterday 主语谓语宾语时间状语我们知道 名词 代词 动词 ing形式或者todo形式都可以做宾语 例如 buyabook likehim stopdoingsth wanttodosth 等 这些例子中的宾语都是用一个单词或者短语来表达的 但是 如果你想要表达 我知道你昨天看电影了 时 我们就无法在know后用一个简单的单词表达 你昨天看电影了 这个结构中的本身完整的一个句子 此时我们就只能用句子表达 那这种放在动词后面做宾语的句子 即 宾语从句 宾语从句 概念 句子的宾语一般由名词 代词 动名词或动词不定式充当 当一个句子充当宾语时 我们把这个句子叫做宾语从句 一般句子的主要成分都是主语谓语宾语 从句的意思是句子里面还有句子 宾语从句就是说由一段句子作宾语的句子 宾语从句的三要点 1 引导词2 从句语序3 从句的时态 不同引导词引导的宾语从句 宾语从句可分为三类1 从属连词that引导的宾语从句2 从属连词if whether引导的宾语从句that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句而if和whether引导表示 是否 的宾语从句 2 由连接代词Who whom whose which what和连接副词where how why when引导的宾语从句在疑问词引导的宾语从句中 一定要用陈述语序 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 e g Ihear that hewillbebackinanhour 我听说一小时后他会回来 Hesaid that hemissedusverymuch 他说他非常想念我们 Theteachertoldus that theearthmovesaroundthesun 老师告诉我们地球围着太阳转 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句注 that在句中无词汇意义 在从句中不能充当成分 在口语中that往往可以省略 当谓语动词表示肯定的概念 如 希望 相信 知道 或 说 时 起后面的句子一般用that引导 例如 Ihope that itwillsnowthiswinter Ibelieve that weshallbecomegoodfriends Bettythinks that treescanimprovetheair 当主句的谓语是think believe等动词时 某后作宾语的that从句如果否定意义 通常将否定词not移至主句动词之前 否定转移 Idon tthinkheishavingameeting Idon tbelieve that weshallbecomegoodfriends 由从属连词that引导的宾语从句 温馨提示 并非所有的动词后面都可以接that引导的宾语从句 常接that引导的宾语从句的谓语动词有 believe expect 希望 explain 解释 feel hear hope imagine 猜想 prefer 提出 promise 承诺 report 报告 say see tell think understand warn 提醒 wish等 由从属连词whether if引导的宾语从句 如果要表达像 他不知道他们周六是否会去植树 或 我记不清以前是否见过他 这样的不确定的概念时 从句就要用whether或if来引导 不能用that 例如 HedoesnotknowwhethertheywillplanttreesonSaturdayornot Heaskedwhether ifwewillgofishingonSunday Tomwantstoknowwhether ifheneedstocomeearlytomorrow 思考 有两个引导词 一个是whether 一个是if 应该如何选择 注意在下列情况下一般用whether 而不用if Iaminterestedinwhetherhe llgotohaveapicnic 作介词的宾语时 用whether 而不用if Whetherthisistrueornot Iamnotsure whether引导的从句可移到主句之前而if不能 注意在下列情况下一般用whether 而不用if 3 当句末为ornot时 引导词只能用whether而不能用if Idon tknowwhetheritisgoingtorainornot 是否要下雨 4 在不定式前 引导词只能用whether而不能用if Ihaven tmadeupmymindwhethertogothereornot 由连接代词who whom whose which what及连接副词when where how why引导的宾语从句 1 Heaskedwhocouldanswerthequestion 谁能回答这个问题 2 Doyouknowwhomtheyarewaitingfor 他们在等谁 3 Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebestintheclass 谁的书法是班上最好的 4 Pleasetellmewhenwewillhaveameeting 我们什么时候开会 5 Canyoutellmewhereheis 他在哪儿 6 CouldyoutellmehowIcangettothestation 我该怎么去车站 7 Wouldyoutellmewhythetrainislate 为什么火车迟到了 二 从句语序 一律用陈述语序主句 引导词 主语 谓语动词 其他 HeaskedmewhenIarrivedinShanghai Iwanttoknowwheretheywillgo Couldyoutellmewhatyouarereading Idon tknowwherehelives 请注意看红色字体的语序 e g CouldyoutellmehowIcangettotheScienceMuseum Heaskedhimwherehecamefrom Didyouknowwhat sthenameofthehandsomeboyintheclassroomyesterday PleasetellmewhereIcanbuythebeautifulflower 三 主从句的时态呼应 1 主句是一般现在时 从句可以用任何时态 2 主句是一般过去时 从句用过去范畴的时态 3 主句是一般过去时 但从句表达的是客观真理或自然现象时 仍然用一般现在时 e g Hesaysthatheisreadingabooknow Hesaidthathewouldworkhard TheysaidtheyhadbeentoFrance Thestudentsaskedmeiftheearthgoesroundthesun 具体的时态的变化 1 当主句是一般现在时 宾语从句的时态不作限制 我们可以根据句子的意思来使用需要的任何一种时态 e g Ihear that TomhasbeentoGuilintwice Ihear that shewillcometomorrow Ihear that Jimwenttoworkanhourago Ihear that heisinterestedinEnglish 2 当主句是一般过去时的时候 宾语从句必须运用相应的过去的某一种时态 从而达到主句和从句的相互一致 e g Hesaid that hewouldgotoXi an Hesaid that hewasillyesterday Hesaid that hewasreadingabook Hesaid that hehadhadsupperalready 3 当宾语从句说明的是客观存在的事实或者是客观存在的真理时 就不用受到主句时态的限制 仍是用一般现在时态 e g Hesaidthatthesunismuchbiggerthanthemoon Theteachertoldthestudentsthatlighttravelsfasterthansound ThePEteachersaidthatdoingmorningexerciseisusefultoourhealth 四 宾语从句的标点符号 标点符号 宾语从句末尾的标点符号由主句决定 不受从句的限制 如果主句是陈述句或者是祈使句时用句号 而主句是疑问句时 句末则用问号 e g Heaskedmeif whetherIcouldhelphim DoyouknowwhereLiPingis Pleasetellmewhichcolouryoulikebest Wouldyoupleasetelltheteacherhowoldyouare Practice 1 Inthebookshop areaderaskedtheshop keeper WhoMovedMyCheesewasinteresting A ifB howC what 2 Idon tknow MrGreenwillcometoseeus HewillhelpuswithourEnglish A whyB whenC howD where 3 Weneverknow theoldmanis Theysayheisateacher A whatB whoC whichD where 4 Couldyoutellme I mgoingtoseehim Sorry Idon tknow A wheredoesMrLiliveB wheredidMrLiliveC WhereMrLilivesD whereMrLilived Directspeech直接引语Reportedspeech间接引语 直接引述别人的话 要加引号 用自己的话转述别人的话 不用引号 Theboysaid I mreadingabook Directspeech直接引语 Theboysaid that hewasreadingabook Reportedspeech间接引语 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 陈述句变为that引导的宾语从句 e g 1 Hesaid YouareyoungerthanI 2 Hesays Tomisagoodstudent Hesaid that Iwasyoungerthanhim Hesays that Tomisagoodstudent 人称变化 一主Shesaid Mybrotherwantstogowithmetomorrw Shesaidherbrotherwantedtogowithherthenextday 二宾Jacksaidtome Youlookworriedtoday JacktoldmethatIlookedworriedthatday 三不变Theteachersaid Lilyisagoodstudent TheteachersaidthatLilywasagoodstudent 1陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时 用连词that引导 that在口语中常省略 一般现在时Hesaid IcandowellinEnglish 现在进行时Hesaid I mwritingaletter 一般将来时Tomsaidtome Iwillcallyoutomorrow 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 HesaidthathecoulddowellinEnglish Hesaidthathewaswritingaletter Tomtoldmethathewouldcallmethenextday 注 如果主句是一般现在时 直接引语变间接引语时 从句的时态不变 Hesays I mnotgoodatmath Hesaysthatheisnotgoodatmath 记住 动词时态的变化 记住 指示代词 时间状语 地点状语和动词的变化 this that these those now then thatday today yesterday thedaybefore tomorrow thenextday nextweek month year thenextweek month year here there come go thisweek thatweek 注意 1 当转述客观真理时 直接引语变为间接引语时 时态不变 如 1 Hesaid Themoonmovesaroundtheearth Hesaidthatthemoonmovesaroundtheearth 2 为了表示引述的状态和情况到现在仍然是事实时 也经常用一般现在时 Myteachersaid Tomisagoodstudent MyteachersaidTomisagoodstudent Icanspeakthreelanguages Hesaidhecouldspeakthreelanguages Whatdidhesay Whatdidtheysay TheysaidtheywerehavingapartyforLana shewashard working Iamhard working Whatdidshesay Shesaid shewasnotlazy Whatdidshesay Shesaid Iamnotlazy hewasgoodatplayingbasketball Whatdidhesay Hesaid I mgoodatplayingbasketball IamgoodatEnglish ShesaidshewasgoodatEnglish Whatdidshesay Whatdidshesay IdowellinEnglish ShesaidshedidwellinEnglish dowellin IdowellinEnglish IgotobeacheverySunday Whatdidhesay Hesaidhe wenttobeacheverySunday Whatdidshesay Shesaidshe wouldcallmetomorrow Iwillcallyoutomorrow 将下列直接引语的句子改写为间接引语 1 Lanasaid I mgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria LanasaidthatshewasgoingtohaveasurprisepartyforMaria 2 Theteachersaid Mystudentsarehard working Theteachersaidthathis herstudentswerehardworking 3 TomtoldJane Iwilllendmybicycletoyou TomtoldJanethathewouldlendhisbicycletoher Jane 5 Shesaidtohim It stimetogohome 4 Mr Wangsaid IwillleaveforShanghainextmonth Mr WangsaidthathewouldleaveforShanghaithenextmonth Shetoldhimthatitwastimetogohome 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 一般疑问句变为if whether 引导的宾语从句 e g Shesaid Doyouoftencomeheretoreadnewspaper WilltheygotovisittheGreatWall heasked Sheaskedif whether Ioftencameheretoreadnewspaper Heaskedif whether theywouldgotovisittheGreatWall 2 直接引语如果是疑问句 变为间接引语时 要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序 1 一般疑问句 用whether或if 是否 引导 主句中的动词是said时改为asked Eg Hesaid Areyouastudent 疑问语序 Heaskedmewhether ifIwasastudent 陈述语序 一般疑问句变成if whether引导的宾语从句 1 Hesaid Canyouswim John HeaskedJohnifhecouldswim 2 Theteachersaid Haveyouallunderstoodme Theteacheraskedifwehadallunderstoodhim If whether的用法主要区别点 whether可与or not 连用Idon tknowwhetherhewillcomeornot Idon tknowif whetherhewillcome 直接引语变间接引语与宾语从句的关系 e g 1 Heasked Wheredoyoulive 2 Howcanwegettothepost office heasked HeaskedwhereIlived Heaskedhowtheycouldgettothepost office 2 特殊疑问句 由直接引语变为间接引语时 仍用原来的疑问词引导 要把疑问句语序改为陈述句语序 Eg Whereareyougoing Fatheraskedhisson Eg Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboy Wheredoyoulive Thepolicemanaskedthesmallboywherehelived Fatheraskedhissonwherehewasgoing 疑问语序 陈述语序 疑问语序 陈述语序 三 特殊疑问句变为由who what when等疑问词引导的宾语从句 1 Georgesaid WhenwillyougetbackfromShanghai Mike GeorgeaskedMikewhenhewouldgetbackfromShanghai 2 Hesaid Whereareyougoing HeaskedwhereIwasgoing 3 当直接引语是祈使句 变为间接引语时 间接祈使句的引述动词常用tell ask order 等 而把直接引语的祈使句变成带 not to的不定式短语 句型 tell ask ordersb not todosth 1 Theteachersaidtothestudents Stoptalking 老师对学生们说 不要讲话了 Theteachertoldthestudentstostoptalking 老师让学生们不要说话了 2 Theteachersaidtous Don tplayinclass Theteachertold askedusnottoplayinclass 练习 1 Theteachersaidtotheboy Openthewindow Theteachertoldtheboytoopenthewindow 2 Hisfathersaidtohim Don tleavethedooropen Hisfathertoldhimnottoleavethedooropen changethedirectspeechintoreportedspeech 1Thegirlsaid Iwillhaveaparty Thegirlsaid that shewouldhaveaparty 2Heaskedme Isyourfatheradoctor Heaskedmeif whethermyfatherwasadoctor 3Thepoliceaskedtheman Where