供应链规划与执行模组（PPT 73页）.ppt

供應鏈規劃與執行模組 世新大學資管系鄒慶士副教授 Agenda Overview FeaturesofSCMSupplyChainNetworkDesignAdvancedPlanningandSchedulingShopFloorControlMES MCS Enterprisefunctionalsiloswithconflictinggoals Purchasing Manufacturing Distribution CustomerService Sales Fewchange oversStableschedulesLongrunlengths HighinventoriesHighservicelevelsRegionalstocks Lowpur chasepriceMultiplevendors Lowinvent oriesLowtrans portation OverviewofSCM Issues OverviewandtargetsofSCM DefinitionofSupplyChainManagement SupplyChainManagementdescribesallkindofactivitiesacrossmultiplecompaniesorlocationstooptimizethemanufacturingofproducts Herebyconcerningallinterfacesonoperationalandstrategiclevelforinvolvedassociates Mainfocus DevelopmentofheterogeneousglobalproductionnetworksIncreasedintegrationofadvancedtechnologies MinimzingcostsforinventoriesanddeliveriesLongtermrelationships customer supplierbinding Customersatisfaction By ERP BasisSCM ToolsInternet OverviewandtargetsofSCM BuysIngredientsandComponents MakesaProduct MovesittoaDistributionCenter StoresitatDistributionCenters StoresitinaWarehouse MovesittoStores StoresitintheStore SellsittoConsumers MultiEnterpriseSupplyChains Source I2 Technologies OverviewandtargetsofSCM Integrationofsuppliersinplanninginconsiderationof SuppliersinventoriesSuppliersmanufacturingcapacitiesTransporttimesandcapacities Reductionofowninventories IntegratedplanningofsupplychainsleadstoReductionofinventoriesCostsavingsCapabilitytomeetpromiseddeliverydatesIncreasedcustomersatisfactionIntensifiedcustomerbindingPerspectivetoextendthesalesmarket OverviewandtargetsofSCM Prerequisitesforsuccess NomanagementmethodguaranteesitselfforsuccessTypeofproductleadstospecialtypeofsupplychain PrimarilyfunctionalproductsDon tchangemuchovertimeLonglifecyclesPredictabledemandStabilityinvitescompetitionLeadsoftentolowprofitmargins PrimarilyinnovativeproductsEnableshigherprofitmarginsShortlifecycle typicallyfewmonth VolatiledemandNewnessmakesdemandunpredictableImportanceofearlysales Prerequisitesforsuccess PrimarilyfunctionalproductsSupplyatlowestcoststopredictabledemandHighutilizationrateofcapacityMinimizeinventoriesShortleadtimeasitdoesn tincreasecostsSelectsuppliersprimarilyforcostsandqualityPhysicalefficiencyMinimizecostsbyPhysicalefficiency PrimarilyinnovativeproductsRespondquicklytounpredictabledemandDeployexcessbuffercapacityDeploysignificantbufferstocksInvestaggressivelytoreduceleadtimeSelectsuppliersprimarilyforspeed flexibilityandqualityResponsivenesstomarketMinimizecostsbyHighestresponsivenesstomarketMinimizeriskofshortagesorexcesssupply Prerequisitesforsuccess UseofSCMsoftwaretoolslikeAPO Prerequisitesforsuccess ShareinformationwithyoursuppliersKeeplongerrelationshipswithyoursuppliersTrustasfoundationofrelationshipswithsuppliersFundamentalsofsupplychainplanningwww ZQZL cn中国最大的资料库下载 SCMBusinessProcesses TechnologyhelpsenableavarietyofSCMbusinessprocessesPushtopullProcessorientationOptimizationPostponementMorefrequentplanningCollaboration Movefrompushtopullmanufacturing Manufacturers Distributors Wholesalers Consumers Suppliers Retailers Makewhatwewillsell notsellwhatwewillmake FeaturesofSCM Movefromfunctionalsilostoprocess orientedbusinessprocesses e g order to cash cash to cash FeaturesofSCM Optimizationofallsupplychainactivities Independent SequentialPlanning FeaturesofSCM PostponementMovetoMTO ATOandCTOfromMTSFront endAPSsuitessupportATP CTPProductconfigurationBack endintegrationtotransactionsystems InternationalTradeLogistics WarehouseManagement AdvancedPlanningScheduling CustomerRelationshipManagement Logistics Manufacturing MaterialsManagement Accounting HumanResources ERP FeaturesofSCM SCM Morefrequentplanningmeansresponsivetochangingcustomerneedswhiledecreasinginventories Time Time AverageSupply AverageSupply PlanningCycle PlanningCycle FeaturesofSCM e Businesswillenablesupplychaincollaborationamongtradingpartners Manufacturer Distributors Wholesalers Suppliers Retailers FeaturesofSCM LogisticsProviders ComponentsofE SupplyChain Supply chainreplenishmentE procurementCollaborativeplanningCollaborativeproductdevelopmentE logisticsSupplywebs EvolutionofIT AR AP GL Payroll MRP FMIS HR MRPII Scheduling planning Distribution ERP APS SCM EIS EDI E Commerce BI CRM E Business Agenda Overview FeaturesofSCMSupplyChainNetworkDesignAdvancedPlanningandSchedulingShopFloorControlMES MCSwww ZQZL cn中国最大的资料库下载 Manufacturers WholesaleDistributors Suppliers Customers InformationFlows GoodsFlow SupplyChainNetworkDesign Retailers LocationdecisionCapacitydecisionAssignmentdecision StrategicPlanningProblems Whichproductsshallbeproducedatwhichlocations Howarecustomersassignedtodistributioncenters Whereshallnewlocationsbeopened Whichlocationsshallbeclosed Whatarecapacityrequirementsforplants distributioncenters Whatisthecostsituationwithinthesupplychain PlanningMethod PlanningoflocationassignmentandtransportationlanesLocationassignmentbasedongeographicaldistanceCostoptimallocationassignmentStructuralNetworkChangesPlacementofagivennumberoflocationsbasedongeographicaldistanceandcostsCostoptimalselectionoflocations PlanningParameters CostTransportationcostsProductioncostsStoragecostsHandlingcostsProcurementcostsLocationcosts LocationproceedsFixmaintenancecostsCostsforopeningandclosureoflocationsPublicsubsidiesPenaltycostsfordelayedornon fulfilleddemand PlanningParameters CapacitiesHandlingcapacitiesforplantsanddistributioncentersProductioncapacitiesofplantsDemandCalculationofdemandviaDemandPlanningSupportedbyforecastmethodsSimulationofdemandscenariosVariationofdemand PlanningResults SupplyChainNetworkAssignmentoflocationsTransportationlanesAllocationofproductstolocationsNewlocationswithgeographicpositionSelected notselectedlocationsProposalforopeningorclosureoflocations PlanningResults QuantitiesProduction transport handling storageandprocurementCostsProduction transport handling storageandprocurementLocationcostsOpeningcosts maintenancecosts subsidies etc CapacityRequirementsProduction transport handlingundstorage Outlook Profit orientedplanningConsiderationofpiece wiselinearcostsfortransportandproductionConsiderationofstoragecapacitiesIntegrationofGISapplicationsautomaticcalculationoftransportationdurationandtransportationcostsexpandedgeographicdisplay Agenda Overview FeaturesofSCMSupplyChainNetworkDesignAdvancedPlanningandSchedulingShopFloorControlMES MCS ProductionLogistics Forecast Customerorderadministration Primaryrequirementsplanning Requirementsplanning Purchasing Capacityscheduling Capacityadjustment Orderrelease Reservation Sequencing Detailedscheduling Execution Factorydataentry Shopfloorcontrol Planning Planning scheduling Initiationofimplementationfunctions TypicalPlanningProcess Supply DemandMeeting MRP ERP ManualAdjustment ReleasePO Receiving Receipt ChangeProductionPlan CannotdeliverontimeLongpromisetimeDeaditems shortageCustomerunsatisfied MRPIIPlanningProcess Top downprocessIterativeprocess MasterPlanning RCCP MRP CRP SFC ProbleminIndustry SalesSOconfirm時間太長PC無法如期交貨Hub會造成投資風險PC MC插單Cancel訂單訂單交期變更頻繁Yield和Rework造成交期Delay無法確認真正的產能與瓶頸作業替代料無法掌控ECN頻繁 易產生呆料 ProbleminIndustry ShopFloor開製令前無法確認料是否備齊臨時缺料Yield和Rework造成大量未結案工單ShopFloor催MC MC催Buyer Buyer催Supplier產能規劃不合理 無法執行Buyer無法確認到底欠哪些料追料頻繁OrderCancel頻繁未考慮LeadTime DrawbacksinTraditionalProductionPlanning SequentialplanningProbleminschedulinglogicIndependentdemandandsupplyplanningLackofintegrationBatchprocessSinglepointplanningLackofsimulationcapability SCMInformationSystem DefinitionofAPS there snoprecisedefinitionofAPSsystems butitisquiteintuitivetosaythattheAPSsystemsresolvetheshortcomingsoftheERPsystemsasaplanningtool APSsystemsconsidermaterialrequirementsandplantcapacitytogeneratenewplans andsomeofthemcreateadetailedproductionschedulethatsequencestheproductionoptimally toachievetheorganizationgoalsaswellascustomer sduedate AMR 1998 APSsystemsapplyprofoundadvancedtechnologiestoachieveimprovedplansthattakeintoaccountmostofthefactorsandconstraintsthatlimittheabilitytodeliverontime ForrestResearch 1996 FeaturesofAPS SynchronizedconcurrentplanningConstraint basedplanningOptimizedplanningReal timeplanningDecisionsupportcapabilityWhat ifsimulationPeggingbetweendemandandsupplySpeedandperformance SynchronizedPlanning Constraint basedPlanning APS Constraint Supply Demand Output Time PurchaseLTMfg LTTrasf LTDueDate Capacity ResourceloadRouting Material AlternatePartsECNPartsSourcingRule Demand ForecastSalesOrder SupplyData On handWIPPurchasingOrder OptimalPlan OptimizedTechnologiesinAPS DemandPlanningExponentialSmoothingSystemDynamicsMultipleLinearRegressionProductionPlanning SchedulingLinearProgramming MixedIntegerLPGeneticAlgorithmsSimulationAnnealingHeuristicMethodsDistributionPlanning DeploymentFlowAlgorithmsBranch and BoundAlgorithm ScopeofAPS SupplychainstrategicplanningSupplychainnetworkplanningDemandplanningandforecastingInventoryplanningSupplychainplanningSupplyplanningDistributionplanningTransportationplanningShopflooroperationschedulingShipmentscheduling FunctionsofAPS APS是使用現存Transaction系統 ERP 的資訊 以提供快速規劃及排程的智慧型決策支援系統 Purchasing OrderEntry Manufacturing Logistics Shipping ERP CurrentSituation FinalPlan SupplyChainPlanner InputDataDemandCapacityMaterials OutputProductionPlanShippingPlanPromisePlan APSandERP Multi SitePlanning Complexmulti sitemanufacturingreferstotheenvironmentwheretherearemultiplesitesthataredependentuponeachotherformaterialandassemblies SupplyPlanningforacomplexmulti sitemanufacturingenvironmentinvolvestheconsolidationofdatafromtheindividualsitesintoacorporateconsolidationdatabase Multi SitePlanning GlobalAPSEngine DemandPlanningEngine OrderPromisingEngine APSEngine APSEngine APSEngine MasterPlan MasterPlan MasterPlan SupplyPlan SupplyPlan SupplyPlan DemandPlan SupplyPlan Source AMR 1996 PerformanceResults Agenda Overview FeaturesofSCMSupplyChainNetworkDesignAdvancedPlanningandSchedulingShopFloorControlMES MCS PurposeofShopFloorControl 將生產規劃單位所規劃的生產訂單 PO 有效的轉變成實際成品的產出 ShopFloorControlSystem FunctionsofShopFloorControl Orderreview releaseDetailedshopflooroperationsschedulingDatacollection monitoringControl feedbackOrderdisposition OrderReviewandRelease 扮演一個過濾機制 控制訂單進入現場的流量 FocusofOR R AvailabilityofmaterialsRequiredcapacityRequiredmachinesandtoolingsReal timeproductionstatusVerifyMRPplansConfirm modifyBOMstructureConfirm modifyroutingEvaluateproductionloadsinshopfloorCriteriaofperformanceevaluation OperationsScheduling WorkcenterorientedschedulingWorkorderorientedschedulingBackwardschedulingForwardschedulingFiniteschedulingDispatching DataCollectionandMonitor BarcodeOpticalcharacterrecognitionMagneticstripeVoicerecognitionRadiofrequencyidentificationMachinevisionsystemBluetooth ControlandFeedback Orderproblemsvs ResourcesproblemsIsitsolvable Whatisthesolution AdjustandimproveInformationfeedback OrderDisposition OrdercompletionASplannedOrdercancellationMaterialsshortageReleasepreviouslyassignedresourcesEvaluateproductionperformanceDefineandexplainspecificunexpectedconditions solutions ShopFloorControlSystem Anotherview Agenda Overview FeaturesofSCMSupplyChainNetworkDesignAdvancedPlanningandSchedulingShopFloorControlMES MCS RelationshipsofERP APS MES MCS ERP APS MCS MES InteractionsBetweenERP APSandMES DefinitionofMES 將加工現場中的原物料 半成品 成品 機器 時間 成本等資訊以動態且即時的方式來收集 匯整與表達 並追蹤與管制目前正在進行中的各項製造作業的一個資訊系統 APICS 其上層銜接APS的生產規劃結果 以進行即時性的現場生產派工 下層則連結MCS 根據派工結果