语法填空和短文改错--介词.docx

语法填空和短文改错介词一. 高考感知1. But my connection with pandas goes back _ my days on TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild.2. Most of us are more focused _ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat _ their hands.4. The mother continued to care for the young panda_ more than two years.5. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away_ car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.6. Suddenly I saw a faint light _ the distance. I waved my white scarf as hard as possible.二提分技法.“是否宾语”作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或者what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且他们在句中不作主语、表语和动词的宾语，则要考虑介词。2.“四种方法”来确定（1）根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑关系。（2）根据语境含义结合介词的用法。（3）根据特殊的结构关系。（如接复合宾语就只能用with或without） (4) 根据介词与动词等的搭配。三考点归纳考点一 相近介词如何辨析1.after和in:二者均表示在某一段时间之后，但该时段的起点不同。(1) in：以此刻为起点的将来一个时段之后，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。(2) after: A.与表示一段时间的词连用，常与过去时态的谓语动词连用，这时相当于“一段时间+later”。e.g. He left home and went to the front after two days./two days later. B与表示时间点的词连用，常与将来时态的谓语动词连用。e.g. Ill go and see her after three oclock.易错误区：“in the past”意为“在过去”，与过去时态的谓语动词连用。e.g. In the past, no villagers dared do that.“in the past/last+时间段”意为“在过去地中/内”表示从现在算起过去的一段时间，包括此时此刻在内，常与现在完成时连用。e.g. In the past/last few years, great changes have taken place in this village.2表示空间和方位的介词 across, over, through, pastacross:“横穿，穿越”表示运动发生在物体的表面。over :意为“跨过，越过”表示运动发生在物体的上方。through: 意为“穿过，通过”表示运动发生在某物的内部。past:意为“从旁边经过”，表示运动发生在某物旁边。3.表示工具、手段、方式的介词(1) by , in, on三词都表示出行方式。A. by:表示“乘坐交通工具”或“通过方式”（涉及交通工具的名词时用by，但名词需须用单数，其前面不加冠词和任何修饰语） by sea, by train, by water, by ship等。B. 旅行方式涉及到确定的交通工具时，用on或in,名词前应有冠词、物主代词、指示代词等修饰语，如：travel to New York in this plane go to school on my bike温馨提示：表示步行、骑马等均可用on， 如on foot, on a horse, on the camel(2). with, by , in, through几词均译为“用”，表示行为的工具、手段或方式。A. with用于有形的工具或身体某些器官等，其后的名词多被冠词、无物主代词修饰。e.g. We see with our eyes, hear with our ears, and walk with our legs.B. by, on, through等多用于无形的工具或方式手段。 如 by hand, on the telephone, through the telescopeC. in当“用”讲时，后常接表示语言、材料、原料等的词。in ink, in French, in cash.(3). 表达“用方法/方式”时 in this/that/the same way by this/that means, by means of. with this/that.method单句填空练习1：1. But my connection with pandas goes back_ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter permitted.2. Most of us are more focused_ our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.3. In India, for example, most people traditionally eat_ their hands.4. The mother continued to care for the young panda _more than two days.5. For those who fly to Guilin, its only an hour away _car and offers all the scenery of the better-known city.6. He sold or exchanged some of the milk in the towns nearby_ other food and made cheese and butter for the family with what was left.7. OK. Dont laugh _ me. I may look funny.单句填空练习2：1. She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on_ top floor.2. Now, years later, this river is one of _ most outstanding examples of environmental cleanup.3. The poor officer was left with_ fast decision to make.4. I have _ affection for cooking with coconut milk and also fried food.5. I did have to go, but I can show you _ reason why Istayed6. After lunch, she kindly asked me if she could give me_ ride to somewhere.考点二：介词易错点有哪些？（结合短文改错中介词的多用，漏用）1. 及物动词后误加介词：（1） serve 为服务， 如serve people, serve后不加for（2） marry 和某人结婚, 如marry sb., marry后不加with和to.（3） enter 进入，加入， 如enter the room, enter后不加into.（4） approach接近，靠近， 如 approach the town, approach后不加to.（5） contact 与联系， 如 contact sb. , contact后不加with.（6） lack缺乏 如lack water, lack后不加of, 短语a lack of 中的lack是名词。（7） discuss 讨论， 如discuss the problem, discuss后不加about .（8） appreciate感激， 如appreciate sth. appreciate后不加for.（9） emphasize强调 如emphasize the importance of the problem, emphasize后不加on.（10） mention提到， 如 mention the thing, mention后不加about.（11） reach到达 如 reach someplace, reach后不加to.（12） help帮助， 如help sb, help后不加with.2. 不及物动词漏加介词(1)“敲门”是knock at the door.(2)“回答问题”是 reply to the question(3) “同意你的观点”agree with you(4) “听某事”是listen to (5) “到达某地”是arrive at/in/on someplace, arrive home.(6) “担心某人某事”是worry about/over sb./sth. worry sb.意为“使某人担心 ”。3.其他常见错误：（1）表示“上周末” last Sunday,其前不加on.温馨提示：当时间名词前被this, that, last, next, some, every等词限定时，其前通常不用任何介词。（2） 表示“去那里”用go there, there 为副词，go 后加具体的地点名词时才 to.考点三、改错题里有将介词去掉的情况，那么介词在哪些情况下可以省略？（结合短文改错题）一般来说，短文改错中会有一处需要去掉，而去掉的往往是介词、冠词等虚词。以下是介词常省略的情况：1. 当表示是时间的词前有this, that, next, last , every, each, some , any, all等限定时，介词常省略。2. 表示时间的名词前有不定冠词，且不定冠词作“每一”解时，前面不用介词。3. 习惯搭配中介词的省略。spend some time (in) doing sth. waste some time (in) doing sth.have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth be busy (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.等。巩固练习：1. Nearly five years ago, and with the help by our father, my sister and I planned some cherry tomatoes.2. My uncles immediately jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird.3. Today, I am going to talk with what you should do when a fire alarm go off.4. My old classroom was interesting because three sides of the classroom were made from glass.5. Please help with me and give me some advice.6. If you hear the alarm, stand in line at the door and wait your teacher to lead you outside.7. We appreciate your apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.考点四：短文改错常设错误类型之多词和缺词短文改错技巧1-多词错误多词错误主要涉及英语中的一些“小”词，如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词、动词be、比较级more等。具体说来，多词错误可能涉及的问题（1）及物动词后接宾语时误加介词，（2）在该用动词原形的地方误加不定式符号to, （3）在物质名词、抽象名词、复数名词等表示泛指时误加定冠词，（4）在一些可直接用作状语的短语前误加in, on, for等，（5）误加一些导致语义重复的小词（如two与both连用，all与whole连用等）（6）在本身已是比较级的词前误加more,（7）在不是从句的地方误加从句引导词，（8）在一些习惯用语和固定表达中误加不该用的“小词”（如冠词、介词、副词等）.例题：1.As soon as we arrived, so we dropped the lines into the water.2. If you notice that when someone is missing and hurt, tell your teacher immediately.3. Otherwise, it is impossible for him to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.4. Suddenly the arrows were flying down at us from the sky-they were looked like rain.5. Here I am in the middle of a city, 350 miles far away from our farmhouse.6. There are all kinds of the flowers and trees around the classroom buildings.7. Although weve been delighted to have you as neighbors, were hoping to settle something that bores to us.8. Suddenly Mary, my best friend, asked me to let her to copy my answers.9. My soccer coach retired in last week.10. He liked it so very much that he quickly walked into the shop.11. Kate was covered it with a lot of Christmas light.12. You are very more beautiful than before. 短文改错技巧2缺词错误与多词错误的情形相似，漏词也主要涉及英语中一些“小”词,如冠词、介词、不定式符号、人称代词（尤其是it）、动词be、物主代词等。具体说来，漏词错误可能涉及的问题有：(1)不及物动词后接宾语时漏加必要的介词，(2)在该带不定式符号to的地方漏加to,(3)在单数可数名词表示泛指意义时漏加必要的限定词（尤其是漏加不定冠词）(4)漏掉表特指的定冠词，(5)漏掉被动语态中的助动词be;漏加系表结构中的连系动词be，(6)漏加一些常用结构或表达中的介词（如because of中的of），(7)漏掉某些从句的“引导词”（通常会导致意义不通）例题：1.So really friendship should able to stand all sorts of tests.2. He wanted teac