辨析介词by／with／in／on.doc

by一般是交通工具的时候用，如by air 坐飞机 by bus 坐汽车In 后面一般是跟语言，如 in Enlish ,in chinese .with 一般后跟具体的工具，如 catch the bag with you hands .on 用得很少，主要是通讯，如on the telephone,on the internet.byprep.1. 被,由The homework was assigned by the teacher.这些家庭作业是老师布置的。2. 靠,用,通过They crossed the river by ferry.他们乘渡船过了河。3. 经由; 沿Ellen flew to Chicago by way of Minneapolis.艾伦经由明尼阿波利斯飞往芝加哥。4. 在.旁边,靠近; 在.手边I havent got any money by me.我身边没有带钱。5. 不迟于; 在.之前We had to get there by evening.我们必须在夜晚前抵达那里。6. 根据,按照How do you know he didnt act by the rules?你怎么知道他没有按规定行事?7. (表程度)相差He missed the bus by three minutes.他晚了三分钟没赶上那班公车。8. 凭,对.(发誓)I swear by God!我对上帝发誓!9. (乘除法上)以.,用.(乘或除)Nine divided by three makes three.九除以三得三。10. 以.计,按Youll be paid by the hour.你的工资将按时计酬。11. 在.的时候He had to sleep by day and work by night.他只好白天睡觉,晚上工作。12. 就.来说,关于Philip is a doctor by profession.菲利浦的职业是医生。13. (表连续或反复)逐个; 逐批The teacher explained the text sentence by sentence.教师逐句讲解了这篇课文。14. 由于She took my umbrella by mistake.她误拿了我的伞。withprep.1. 与.一起,偕同,和.She lives with her son.她和儿子住在一起。2. 带着.; 有.的The girl with long hair is my classmate.长头发的女孩是我同学。3. 以(手段、材料),用(工具)My American friend is learning to eat with chopsticks.我的一位美国朋友在学着用筷子吃饭。4. 符合,一致5. 在.一边,赞成We are with you there.在那一点上我们站在你这一边。6. 跟.,反对The Allied Forces fought with Germany.盟军跟德国交战。7. 顺.方向,跟.一起8. 加上,包括.在内His bank savings, with his wifes jewels, amount to three million dollars.他的银行存款加上他太太的首饰合计达三百万元。9. 随着,对应An independent man, Peter never goes with the tide.彼得是个有主见的人,从不随大流。10. 在.身边,在.身上He had a gun with him.他带了枪。I have no money with me.我身边没有钱。11. 与.(相比)12. 跟.(分手)I parted with my brother in Paris.我跟我兄弟在巴黎分手。13. 尽管有With all the setbacks, he did not lose heart.尽管遭受种种挫折,他没有丧失信心。14. 由于,因为They were wild with joy.他们欣喜若狂。15. (与副词连用构成祈使句,表示强烈的愿望)Down with fascism!打倒法西斯主义!inprep.1. 在.里,在.上The two brothers study in the same class.两兄弟在同一个班里上课。The telephone is in the little study on the ground floor.电话在一楼的小书房内。2. 在.之内; 在.方面He is lacking in courage.他缺乏勇气。3. 从事于; 参加着She is in business.她做生意。4. 穿着,戴着He is dressed in black.他穿黑衣服。5. 朝,向She hurried away in the opposite direction.她朝相反的方向匆匆离去。6. (表示手段、方法、材料)用,以They paid in cash.他们用现金支付。7. 在.期间; 在.以后Hell come back in a week.他将于一周之后回来。I havent met her in a long time.我好长时间没有遇见她了。8. 处在.中The room was in disorder.房间里乱七八糟。9. (表示数量、程度、比例)按,以; 在.中One child in twenty has this disease.二十个小孩中有一个患有这种疾病。10. 在.身上,在.上In him I see a future leader.我在他身上看到了一个未来的领袖人物。11. (表示过程)在.当儿; 在.过程中The work is in progress.这工作正在进行中。12. (表示动作的方向和结果)进入到.中; 成,为He pushed a button and set the machine in motion.他按下按钮开动了机器。onprep.1. 在.上He laid a hand on my shoulder.他把一只手放在我肩上。2. 以.支持,挂在.上; 以.为轴There is a picture on the wall.墙上有一幅画。3. 朝,向4. 靠近,在.旁,沿着She stood on my left.她站在我左边。5. 在.的时候,在.后立即He jumped with joy on hearing the news.他一听到这个消息就高兴得跳了起来。6. 关于,有关The teacher made comments on our compositions.老师就我们的作文作了讲评。7. 以.方式,通过Did you hear it on the radio?你是从收音机听到这消息的吗?8. 凭.,靠.; 使用.,吃.They said they were acting on instructi