常用网络命令的使用实验报告30457.doc

精品文档实 验 报 告（说明：由于实验分两次完成，所以其中IP地址前后不一样。）实验一常用网络命令的使用科目：网络服务与协议学号：姓名： 一、 实验目的a) 掌握几种常用网络命令，通过使用这些命令能检测常见网络故障；b) 理解各命令的含义，并能解释其显示内容的意义，进一步理解相应网络层协议的工作原理；c) 了解子网掩码的意义，并能通过其划分子网。二、 内容及结果1运行ipconfig命令运行该命令，记录主机名、DNS服务器、适配器信息、主机物理地址、IP地址、子网掩码以及默认网关等。理解子网掩码的含义。运行ipconfigC:Documents and SettingsstudentipconfigWindows IP ConfigurationEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : I Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 子网掩码 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10 默认网关 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10 DNS服务器运行ipconfig/allC:Documents and Settingsstuipconfig/allWindows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : p40 本机主机名 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : 本机DNS服务器 Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown 本机节点类型且节点未知 IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No 未联网 WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : NoEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8139 Family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-50-FC-60-2E-E1 网络适配器的物理地址（在检测网络错误时非常有用） Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 0 主机的IP地址 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : 子网掩码 Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 10 默认网关 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 10 DNS服务器2 运行ping命令运行该命令，分别ping ，本机IP，网关IP，远程IP，本机名，远程域名。并使用一些常用参数，记录结果。运行ping C:Documents and Settingsstuping ping Pinging with 32 bytes of data: Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 timeping 12Pinging 12 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 12: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 12: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 12: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 12: bytes=32 timeping 0 Pinging 0 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 0: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 0: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 0: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 0: bytes=32 timeping 2 Pinging 2 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 2: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 2: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 2: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=128Reply from 2: bytes=32 timeping lx09Pinging lx09 19 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 19: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 19: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 19: bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from 19: bytes=32 timeping Pinging 0 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from 0: bytes=32 time=27ms TTL=57Reply from 0: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=57Reply from 0: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=57Reply from 0: bytes=32 time=31ms TTL=57Ping statistics for 0: Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds: Minimum = 27ms, Maximum = 31ms, Average = 30ms在宿舍使用网络，进入百度，网络连接状态良好。运行 Ping localhostC:Documents and Settingsstudentping localhostPinging lx16 with 32 bytes of data:Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from : bytes=32 time1ms TTL=64Reply from : bytes=32 timenetstatActive Connections活动的连接 Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP lx02:5152 localhost:1036 CLOSE_WAIT 协议 本地地址 C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstatActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP 560C365DD188461:1130 0:http TIME_WAIT TCP 560C365DD188461:1136 4:https TIME_WAIT TCP 560C365DD188461:1149 8:https TIME_WAIT TCP 560C365DD188461:1150 8:https TIME_WAIT TCP 560C365DD188461:1158 84:http TIME_WAIT TCP 560C365DD188461:1159 84:http TIME_WAIT在实验室使用netstat，由于是局域网无法连接互联网，导致TCP网关超时。运行 netstat -sC C:Documents and Settingsstunetstat -sIPv4 Statistics Packets Received = 5762 Received Header Errors = 0 Received Address Errors = 346 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 2299 Received Packets Delivered = 3120 Output Requests = 280 Routing Discards = 0 Discarded Output Packets = 0 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 0 Reassembly Successful = 0 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 0ICMPv4 Statistics Received Sent Messages 36 64 Errors 0 0 Destination Unreachable 0 0 Time Exceeded 0 0 Parameter Problems 0 0 Source Quenches 0 0 Redirects 0 0 Echos 16 48 Echo Replies 20 16 Timestamps 0 0 Timestamp Replies 0 0 Address Masks 0 0 Address Mask Replies 0 0TCP Statistics for IPv4 Active Opens = 3 Passive Opens = 0 Failed Connection Attempts = 0 Reset Connections = 0 Current Connections = 0 Segments Received = 30 Segments Sent = 33 Segments Retransmitted = 0UDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 3054 No Ports = 20 Receive Errors = 0 Datagrams Sent = 181按照各个协议分别显示了其统计数据运行 netstat eC:Documents and Settingsstunetstat -eInterface Statistics Received SentBytes 1358237 22736Unicast packets 91 92Non-unicast packets 12017 176Discards 0 0Errors 0 0Unknown protocols 292用于显示关于以太网的统计数据运行 netstat -rC C:Documents and Settingsstunetstat -eInterface Statistics Received SentBytes 1358237 22736Unicast packets 91 92Non-unicast packets 12017 176Discards 0 0Errors 0 0Unknown protocols 292C:Documents and Settingsstunetstat -rRoute Table=Interface List0x1 . MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 .00 50 fc 60 2e e1 . Realtek RTL8139 Family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC -数据包计划程序微型端口=Active Routes:Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 10 0 20 1 0 0 20 0 55 20 55 55 0 0 20 0 0 20 55 55 0 0 1Default Gateway: 10=Persistent Routes: NoneC:Documents and Settingsstunetstat -nActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP 0:1041 13:139 TIME_WAIT显示关于路由表的信息运行 netstat -aC:Documents and Settingsstudentnetstat -aActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP lx16:smtp :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:http :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:epmap :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:https :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:microsoft-ds :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:1025 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:1026 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:1028 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:2382 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:3306 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:6059 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:8888 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:1031 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:1033 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:5152 :0 LISTENI TCP lx16:5152 localhost:1045 CLOSE_W TCP lx16:netbios-ssn :0 LISTENI UDP lx16:microsoft-ds *:* UDP lx16:isakmp *:* UDP lx16:ms-sql-m *:* UDP lx16:3456 *:* UDP lx16:4500 *:* UDP lx16:ntp *:* UDP lx16:1027 *:* UDP lx16:1035 *:* UDP lx16:1900 *:* UDP lx16:ntp *:* UDP lx16:netbios-ns *:* UDP lx16:netbios-dgm *:* UDP lx16:1900 *:*显示所有有效连接信息列表4.运行nbtstat命令运行该命令，使用其一些常用参数，记录实验结果，解释其含义。运行 nbtstat -nC:Documents and Settingsstunbtstat -n本地连接:Node IpAddress: 0 Scope Id: NetBIOS Local Name Table Name Type Status - P40 UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP GROUP Registered P40 UNIQUE RegisteredWORKGROUP GROUP Registered显示寄存在本地的名字和服务程序运行 nbtstat -a remotenameC:Documents and Settingsstudentnbtstat -a remotename本地连接:Node IpAddress: 12 Scope Id: Host not found.未连接外网，找不到与本机相连的远程主机，网关超时运行 nbtstat A IP addressC:Documents and Settingsstudentnbtstat -A 26本地连接:Node IpAddress: 26 Scope Id: NetBIOS Remote Machine Name Table Name Type Status - LX16 UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP GROUP Registered LX16 UNIQUE Registered WORKGROUP GROUP Registered MAC Address = 00-11-09-73-87-B9 Host not found.显示与本机相连远程主机的IP地址，此次为相邻机IP(26),远程连接成功。5.运行arp命令运行该命令，并通过使用其参数，添加、删除高速缓存中的静态项目。记录实验结果，理解arp协议的工作原理。运行 arp aC:Documents and Settingsstudentarp -aInterface: 26 - 0x10003 Internet Address Physical Address Type 8 00-17-31-1d-04-13 dynamic查看高速缓存中所有项目运行 arp -s IP地址 物理地址 C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorarp -s 18 00-11-09-73-87-60 向ARP高速缓存中人工输入一个静态项目C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorarp -aInterface: 9 - 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type 00-0f-e2-1d-2c-a3 dynamicInterface: - 0x3 Internet Address Physical Address Type 18 00-11-09-73-87-60 static显示出高速缓存中所有项目6运行route命令运行route print命令，记录、解释结果。并与netstat r命令结果相比较。运行route 指令1.route printMicrosoft Windows XP 版本 5.1.2600(C) 版权所有 1985-2001 Microsoft Corp.C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute print=Interface List0x1 . MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 .00 50 56 c0 00 08 . VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet80x3 .00 50 56 c0 00 01 . VMware Virtual Ethernet Adapter for VMnet10x4 .00 25 d3 82 8f e7 . Atheros AR9285 Wireless Network Adapter - 数据包计划程序微型端口0x5 .90 e6 ba 3b 69 2e . Realtek RTL8168B/8111B Family PCI-E GBE NIC - 数据包计划程序微型端口=Active Routes:Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 1 42 42 20 20 55 20 55 55 20 20 55 20 55 55 20 42 42 30 42 55 30 55 55 42 42 30 20 20 42 42 30 55 55 1 55 55 1 55 55 4 1 55 55 42 42 1=Persistent Routes: None显示出路由表中当前项目，且显示出无支持路径2.route addC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute ADD MASK METRIC 3 IF 2将新路由项目添加给路由表3route changeC:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute CHANGE 19