英语时间的表示方法.doc

精品文档英语时间的表示方法：所有的时间都可以用“小时 + 分钟”直接读：6:10 six ten8:30 eight thirty2:40 two forty如果所表述的时间在半小时之内，可以用“分钟 + past + 小时”：6:10 ten past six4:20 twenty past four10:25 twenty-five past ten如果所表述的时间在半小时之外，可以用“（相差的）分钟 + to + （下一）小时”：10:35 twenty-five to eleven5:50 ten to six9:49 eleven to ten如果所表述的时间恰好为半小时，可以用“half + past + 小时”：11:30 half past eleven2:30 half past two如果所表述的分钟和15有关，就有三种表达法：（15分钟又叫一刻钟：a quarter）9:15 - nine fifteen ; fifteen past nine ; a quarter past nine3:45 - three forty-five ; fifteen to four ; a quarter to four英语日期的表示方法：1、英语中月份和星期名称都是专有名词，它们的首字母必须大写，并且前面无需用冠词。 2、用英语表示日期，其顺序为月+日+年，日和年之间需用逗号隔开。如：August 2nd，2003(2003年8月2日)。也可以用日+月+年来表示。如：10th May，2003(2003年5月10日)3、英语日期前介词的使用：（1）若指在哪一年或哪一月，即一个较大的时间范围的，则用介词in，（2）若具体到某一天，需用介词on。如on Monday morning星期一上午，on Friday evening星期五晚上，on October 1st在十月一日， on Sunday 在星期日（3）具体时间前介词用at。如He gets up at half past seven every day. 他每天七点半起床。She goes to bed at eleven oclock. 她十一点睡觉。（4）在表示时间的介词短语中，有用介词in的时间短语，也有用介词at的时间短语，所不同的是用in的时间短语前加冠词the，而用at的时间短语前不用冠词。如：in the morning在早上，in the afternoon 在下午，in the evening 在晚上，at noon在中午，at night在夜里（5）在this, last, next, every等词前面既不加介词，也不用冠词。 What are you doing this afternoon? 今天下午你做什么? He visits his grandma every Friday. 他每个星期五都去看望祖母。 She is going to Shanghai next Monday. 她下个星期一去上海。可数名词与不可数名词的区别普通名词所表示的人或事物是可以按个数计算的，这类名词叫可数名词。可数名词分为个体名词(表示某类人或事物中的个体，如worker, farmer, desk, factory等)和集体名词(表示作为一个整体来看的一群人或一些事物，如people,family 等)。如果普通名词所表示的事物是不能按个数来计算的，这类名词就叫不可数名词。不可数名词分为物质名词(表示无法分为个体的物质，如meat, rice, water, milk, orange 等)和抽象名词(表示动作、状态、情况、品质等抽象概念，如work, homework, time, health, friendship等)。二、 可数名词的家务事可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。指一个人或一件事物时，用单数形式；指两个或多个人或事物时用复数形式。名词由单数形式变成复数形式的规则如下：1. 一般的名词词尾直接加-s 。如：book books room roomshouse houses day days2. 以s,ss, ch,sh, x 结尾的名词，在词尾加-es 。如：bus buses glass glasseswatch watches dish dishes box boxes3. 以辅音字母+y结尾的名词，要先将y改为i再加-es。如：city cities body bodies factory factories等等。4. 以f 或fe 结尾的名词，要将f或fe改为v再加-es。如：half halves leaf leavesknife knives wife wives5. 特例 悄悄话：特例常常考，要记住。 child children man men woman womenpoliceman policemen(规律：man men) tomato tomatoespotato potatoes 悄悄话： 初中英语以o 结尾的名词变复数时只有这两个词加-es，其余的当然加-s喽！如：photo photos foot feet tooth teeth悄悄话： oo变成ee。 sheep, Chinese, Japanese单、复数同形悄悄话： 变复数时词形不变。 people单数形式表示复数意义，要求谓语动词用复数；people的复数形式peoples通常指多个民族。三、 不可数名词的家务事1. 不可数名词没有复数，当它作句子的主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：The food is very fresh.食品很新鲜。2. 有的不可数名词也可以作可数名词，有复数形式，但他们的意义往往发生变化。如：water (水) waters (水域) orange (橘汁) oranges (橘子)3. 很多的不可数名词表示泛指时为不可数，表示种类时就可数，但意义大多不发生变化。如：fruit fruits food foodsfish fishes hair hairs用所给名词的适当形式填空。1. How many_(sheep) are there on the hill?2. There is some_(food) in the basket.3. The baby has only two_(tooth) now.4. There is a lot of_(water) in the bottle.5. There are five_(people ) in his family.6. Lets take_(photo), OK? 7. I have lots of_(tomato) here.8. The_(leaf) on the tree turn-yellow.9. The_(child) are playing gameson the playground now.10. Their_(dictionary) look new.11. I see you have a few white_(hair).12. They are_(woman) doctors.13. Can you give me some bottles of _ (orange), please?14. There are many_(fox) in the picture.15. I would like some apple_(juice). I am very thirsty.参考答案：1. sheep 2. food 3. teeth 4. water 5. people 6. photos 7. tomatoes 8. leaves 9. children 10. dictionaries 11. hair, hairs 12. women 13. orange 14. foxes 15. juice现在进行时：1现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。现在进行时由be+v-ing构成。be应为助动词，初学者最容易漏掉，它应与主语的人称和数保持一致。2、现在进行时的变化肯定句式：主语+be( am, is, are)+现在分词+其它.否定句式：主语+be(am, is, are) +not +现在分词+其它.一般疑问句：Be(am, is, are) +主语+现在分词+其它？特殊疑问句：疑问词+be(am, is, are)+主语+现在分词+其它？对现在进行时的特殊疑问句的回答，它不可以用Yes或No直接作答，要根据实际情况回答。3、现在进行时的基本用法：A.表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在发生的事情。如： We are waiting for you.当句子中有now时，常表示动作正在进行，这时要用现在进行时。They are playing basketball now.现在他们正在打篮球。以look, listen开头的句子，提示我们动作正进行，这时要用现在进行时。如： Listen！She is singing an English song.听，她正在唱英语歌。B. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例：Mr. Green is writing another novel.(说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。)例：She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.C.已经确定或安排好的将来活动或表示当前一段时间或现阶段正在进行的动作，且此时有this week, these days等时间状语，这时常用现在进行时。如： Im leaving for a trek in Nepal next week.（已经安排了）；were flying to Paris tomorrow.(票已经拿到了）；We are making model planes these days.这些天我们在做飞机模型。D、描述图片中的人物的动作，也为了表达更生动。此时也常用现在进行时。如： Look at the picture. The children are flying kites in the park.看这幅图，那些孩子正在公园放风筝。4、动词加ing的变化规则（1）一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking（2）以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting（3）如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping sit-sitting get-getting run-running forget-forgetting begin-beginning（4）以ie结尾的动词，改ie为y加ing ，如：die-dying lielying现在进行时专项练习：一、写出下列动词的现在分词：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ski_read_have_ sing _dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_ sit _ begin_ shop_二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom .3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now?5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now.7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom .8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music.9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .三、句型转换：1. They are doing housework .一般疑问句：_ 否定句： _2The students are cleaning the classroom . 一般疑问句：_ 否定句： _3Im playing the football in the playground .(对划线部分进行提问)_4Tom is reading books in his study . (对划线部分进行提问)_四、现在进行时：表示现在进行的动作句子结构：be+动词ing时间状语：now, look, listen，Its oclck,1. What are you _(do) now? I _(eat) bread.2. Its nine oclock. My father_(work) in the office.3. Look, the boy_(put) the rubbish into the bin.4. _he_(clean) the classroom? No, he isnt. He_(play).5. Where is Mak? He_(run) on the grass.6. Listen, who_(sing) in the music room? Oh, Mary_(sing) there.五、将下列句子改成现在进行时1. Tom can speak Chinese. _ 2. We have four lessons. _3. I watch TV every day. _ 4. She works in a hospital. _5. Kitty and Ben have lunch at about twelve. _6. His father can help them. _ 7. Danny, open the door._8. They watch TV in the evening. _六.按要求改写句子1. The boy is playing basketball.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“is playing basketball”提问：_ 对“ The boy”提问：_2. They are singing in the classroom.否定句：_一般疑问句：_肯定回答：_否定回答：_对“are singing ”提问：_ 对“ in the classroom”提问：_七.用现在进行时完成下列句子:1.What_you_(do)?2.I_(sing) an English song.3.What_he_(mend)?4.He_(mend) a car.5._you_(fly) a kite?Yes,_. 6._she_(sit) in the boat?7._you_(ask) questions? 8.We_(play) games now八. 选择填空。1. Some are _ in the river and some are _ games.A. swiming, playing B. swimming, plaiingC. swimming, playing D. swimming, plaing2. Look! The boy students are _ football while the girls are _.A. playing, dance B. playing, dancingC. play, dancing D. play, dance3. He_ to do his lessons at fight every eveningA. is beginning B. is beginning C. begin D. begins4. _ he _ on well with his friends this term?A. Dose, gets B. Dose, get C. is, getting D. Is, geting5. Mr. Smith _ short stories, but he _ a TV play these days.A. is writing, is writing B. is writing, writes C. writes, is writing D. writes, writes( ) 6. I _ to the cinema. I _ there every Sunday.A. go. go B. am going, go C. go. am going D. am going, am going7. Look. they _ a good time, _ they?A. have, do B. have, dont C. are having, are D. are having, arent8. You _about the future (将来) now, _you?A. dont think, dont B. arent thinking, arentC. dont think, do D. arent thinking, are九。. 用一般现在时或现在进行时填空。1. Miss Guo (teach) us Chinese this term. She (be) a very good teacher. She often (talk) with us after class. Many of us like (talk) with her. Now, she (talk) with Lily2. Listen! Who (read) English? Han Meimei is. She often (read) English in the evening.十一般现在时和现在进行时练习题1. Who _ over there now? A. singing B. are sing C. is singing D. sing2. Its eight oclock. The students _ an English class. A.have B.having C.is having D.are having3. Listen! The baby _ in the next room. A. crying B. cried C. is crying D. cries4. Look! The twins _ new sweaters. A. are wearing B. wearing C. are wear D. is wearing5. Dont talk here. Grandparents _. A. is sleeping B. are sleeping C. sleeping D. sleep6. Tom is a worker. He _ in a factory. His sisters _ in a hospital. A. work/ work B. works/ work C. work/ works7. Who _ English best in your class? A. speak B. speaks C. speaking8. Mrs Read _ the windows every day. A. is cleaning B. clean C. cleans9. We _ music and often _ to music. A. like/ listen B. likes/ listens C. like/ are listening10. She _ up at six in the morning. A. get B. gets C. getting11. On Sunday he sometimes _ his clothes and sometimes _ some shopping. A. wash/ do B. is washing/ is doing C. washes/ does12. The twins usually _ milk and bread for breakfast, but Jim _ some coffee for it. A. have/ have B. have/ has C. has/ have13. My father always _(come) back from work very late.14. The teacher is busy. He _ (sleep) six hours a day.15. Listen! Joan _(sing) in the classroom. She often _ (sing) there.16. _ your brother _(know) Japanese?17. Where _ you _ (have) lunch every day?18. The girl _(like) wearing a skirt. Look! She _(wear) a red skirt today参考答案：一略二1 is drawing 2 are singing 3 is cooking 4 are doing 5 are having6arent watering 7 are dancing 8 is listening 9 are having 10 Is washing三、1 Are they doing housework? They arent doing housework.2 Are the students cleaning the classroom? The students arent cleaning the classroom.3 What are you doing in the playground?4 What is Tom doing in his study?四、1 doing am eating 2 is working 3 is putting 4 Is cleaning. is playing5 is running 6 is singing is singing五、1 Tom is speaking Chinese. 2 We are having four lessons.3 I am watching TV every day. 4 She is working in a hospital.5 Kitty and Ben are having lunch at about twelve. 6 His father is helping them.7 Danny is opening the door. 8 They are watching TV in the evening六、略七、1 are doing 2 am singing 3 is mending 4 is mending 5 Are flying I am6 Is sitting 7 Are asking 8 are playing八、 CBCCCBDC九、1 teaches, is , talks, talking, is talking 2 is reading, reads十、1-6 CDCABB 7-12 BCABCB 13 comes 14 sleeps 15 is singing, sings 16 Does know 17 do have 18 likes, is wearing一般现在时： 一般现在时表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或表示现在的特征或状态。 其动词形式是：动词原形(只有第三人称单数作主语时除外，要加-s)其疑问句和否定句需要用助动词do或does 1) 肯定句用行为动词原形表示 They get up very early every morning. 他们每天早晨起来很早。 I visit my grandparents four times a month. 我一个月去看望祖父母四次。 2) 否定句用dont + 动词原形来表示 We do not go shopping on Sundays. 我们周日不去购物。 I dont think you like this colour. 我想你不喜欢这个颜色。 3) 一般疑问句则是把助动词do提前至句首，后面动词用原形。回答时，肯定用 “Yes, 主语+do”;否定句用 “No, 主语+dont”。 Do they go to school at seven oclock? 他们七点去上学吗? -Yes, they do. -Do you like this skirt? 你喜欢这条裙子吗? -No, I dont. 不，我不喜欢。一般现在时用来表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与以下的时间状语连用：often 经常，always 总是，sometimes 有时，usually 通常，every day/ week 每天/ 周等。 He usually goes to school by bike. 通常他骑车上学。 I visit my grandparents every week. 我每个星期都去看祖父母。 She is always late for class. 她总是上课迟到。 My parents and I sometimes go out to eat. 我和父母有时出去吃饭。 It often rains here. 这儿常常下雨。 主语为第三人称单数时的一般现在时 一般现在时态，当主语为第三人称单数时，谓语动词也要是第三人称单数，后要加-s或-es。 He likes reading at night. 他喜欢夜里读书。 She usually goes to school by bike. 她平时骑车上学。 The little cat drinks milk every day. 小猫每天都喝牛奶。 转换成否定句要加doesnt，其后的动词用原形。 Kelly doesnt get up early on Saturdays and Sundays. 凯丽星期六星期天起床不早。 He doesnt feel well today. 他今天感觉不舒服。 转换成一般疑问句，句首用Does，其后的动词用原形。 Does he have lunch at school? 他在学校吃午饭吗? Does it take long by train? 乘火车要很长时间吗?注意：第三人称单数，在实际句子中，除了hesheit外，像may fathermay techerhis coatmay nametheir classroom等表示第三人称单数的名词都属于第三人称单数。1. We often_(play) in the playgound.2. He _(get) up at six oclock.3. _you _(brush) your teeth every morning.4. What (do) _he usually (do)_ after school?5. Danny _(study) English,Chinese,Maths,Science and Art an school.6. Mike sometimes _(go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she _(watch) TV with his parents.8. _ Mike_(read) English every day?9. How many lessons_your classmate_(have) on Monday?10. What time_his mother_(do) the housework?改句子1. Do you often play football after school? (肯定回答)2. I have many books. （改为否定句）3. Gao Shans sister likes playing table tennis （改为否定句）4. She lives in a small town near New York. （改为一般疑问句）5. I watch TV every day. （改为一般疑问句）6. David has got a goal. （改为一般疑问句）7. We have four lessons.（否定句）8. Nancy doesnt run fast （肯定句）一般现在时练习题答案1.plays2.gets 3.do brush4.does do5.studies6.goes7.watches8.does read9.does have10.does do11.do have改句子：Yes,I doI dont have many books.Gan shans sisters doesnt like play table tennis.She doesnt live in a small village Near New york.Do you watch TV every day?Has David got a boat?We dont have four lesons.Nanry runs fast.做题时常见错误如下：一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring. 答案：plant解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”专项练习：一、 单选1 Jenny _ in an office. Her parents _in a hospital.A work works B works work C work are working D is working work2 One of the boys_ a black hat.A have B there is C there are D has3 We will go shopping if it_ tomorrow.A dont rain Bdidnt rain Cdoesnt rain Disnt rain 4 He said the sun _in the east and _in the west.A rose; set B rises; sets C rises, set D rise; sets5 Wang Mei _ music and often _ to music.A like; listen B likes; listens C like; are listening D liking ; listen6 Jenny_ English every evening.A has study B studies C study D studied答案：1 B 2D 3C 4B 5B 6B二、填空1 I can take Li Ming there when he _ ( come) to visit.2 _your sister_(know)English?3Her home_ _ _(远离 )her school.4The pot_(not look) like yours very much.5 Where _you_(have)lunch every day?6 Who_(想要 )to go swimming?7 _she_(do) the housework every day?8 Jenny and Danny usually_(play) games in the afternoon .答案：1 comes 2 Does know 3 is away from 4 doesnt look 5 do have 6 wants 7 does do 8 play二、单三人称形式易出错例：1 He plaies (play) football very well. 2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.答案：1 plays 2 goes 解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，