语言学概论(英)试卷二.doc

精品文档201 年 月江苏省高等教育自学考试8801语言学概论（英）复核总分复核人总 分题 号一二三四五六题 分201010152520合分人得 分一、 选择题（每小题1分，共20分）在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确的答案，并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。得分评卷人复查人1. The distinction between competence and performance was put forward by _.A. Leonard Bloomfield B. Ferdinand de SaussureC. Noam Chomsky D. M. A. K. Halliday2. The study of language development at a period of time, disregarding whatever changes might be taking place, is generally termed as _ linguistics.A. applied B. diachronicC. comparative D. synchronic3. According to de Saussure, _ refers to a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules.A. performance B. competence C. parole D. langue4. According to Noam Chomsky, language is the product of_.A. an innate faculty, unique to humans B. communication C. environmental conditioning D. all of the above 5. Which one is different from the others according to places of articulation?A. n B. m C. b D. p6. Which branch of phonetics concerns the production of speech sounds?A. Acoustic phonetics B. Articulatory phoneticsC. Auditory phonetics D. Phonology7. A sound produced with the vocal cords vibrating is said to be a _ sound.A. resonant B. voicelessC. voiced D. consonant8. _ are sounds articulated by the back of the tongue against the soft palate.A. Velars B. LabialsC. Palatals D. Alveolars9. The English word “ modernizers” is composed of _ morphemes.A.4 B.3 C. 2 D. 510. The phrase “men and women” belongs to the _ construction.A. predicate B. coordinateC. subordinate D. exocentric11. In the TG grammar, the _ structure represents the syntactic properties of a construction, i.e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents.A. deep B. surface C. generative D. transformational12. The English language has_.A. morphemes B. syntax C. number agreement D. all of the above13. Hyponyms of the same _ are co- hyponyms.A. word B. lexical itemC. superordinate D. hyponymy14. _ is defined as any regionally or socially definable human group identified by shared linguistic system. A. A speech community B. A race C. A society D. A country15. _ is the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect successful communication. A. Semantics B. Pragmatics C. Sociolinguistics D. Psycholinguistics16. _ found that natural language had its own logic and concluded cooperative principle.A. John Austin B. John Firth C. Paul Grice D. William Jones17. _ refers to how we construct an utterance from idea to completed sentence.A. Language comprehension B. Language productionC. Language acquisition D. Language listening18. “_” is often understood as a language system between the target language and the learners native language.A. Input Hypothesis B. Sapir-Whorf HypothesisC. Interlanguage D. Contrastive Analysis19. Which one of the following statements about errors in foreign language learning in FALSE? _.A. Errors can not be avoided in foreign language learning.B. Errors tell the teacher how far towards the goal the learner has progressed and consequently what remains for him to learn. C. Errors are something bad that should not be allowed in foreign language learning. D. Errors provide the researcher with evidence of how language is learned or acquired, what strategies or procedures the learner is employing is his discovery of the language.20. The use of non-standard English persists because_.A. the working class is incapable of speaking “correctly” B. English is a complicated and therefore difficult language to master C. subordinate groups use non-standard English to promote solidarity D. teachers do not properly stress the importance of standard English in schools二、 填空题（每小题1分，共10分）得分评卷人复查人21. Not all the sounds occur in the same environment. When two sounds never occur in the same environment, they are said to be in the _ distribution.22. According to the “semantic triangle” presented by Ogden and Richards, the symbol or _ refers to the linguistic elements, and the thought or reference refers to concept.23. A _ vowel is one produced by holding the tongue towards front of the mouth.24. _ phonetics studies the human speech organs and the way in which the speech sounds are produced.25. _ refers to the phenomenon that the same word may have a set of different meanings.26. Linguistics is a branch of science which takes _ its object of investigation.27. Langue is the ideal language users knowledge of the rules. _ is the actual realization of this knowledge in utterances.28. _ construction refers to two or more words, phrases or clauses having equivalent syntactic status.29. _ is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular.30. _ meaning is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the same environment.三、 判断说明题（每小题2分，共10分）在题后的括号内，正确的写“T”，错误的写“F”，并在题下空处说明理由。四、得分评卷人复查人31. If the context of use is considered, the study of meaning is being carried out in the area of pragmatics. _32. A locutionary act is the act of expressing the speakers intention. _33. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violated and the hearer knows that it is being violated do conversational implicatures arise. _34. Of the three speech acts, linguists are most interested in the illocutionary act because this kind of speech is identical with the speakers intention. _35. Of the views concerning the study of semantics, the contextual view, which places the study of meaning in the context in which language is used, is often considered as the initial effort to study meaning in a pragmatic sense. _四、 名词解释（