模拟联合国大会通用规则进程.doc

模拟联合国大会通用规则流程在模拟联合国会议里,参加者(Delegates)以及代表团(Delegation)为单位，共同代表一个国家（to Represent A Certain Country），在模拟联合国会议中的不同委员会（Committee）里，以国家代表的身份进行演讲（Republic Speaking）、辩论（Debate）和游说（Lobby）等，争取国家利益的最大化。委员会结构 Committee Structure一个委员会由一个主席团（Members of the Dais）负责。主席（The Chair）主持会议，主席的任务是按照联合国正式的程序规则监督并推动会议进程(Oversees Debate and Guides Delegates Through the Rules of Procedure)。会议指导(Director)负责审阅代表提交的会议文件。主席助理(Rapporteur)负责点名、录入发言人名单(Speakers list)。一、正式辩论 Formal Debate1、点名 Roll Call在这一阶段，主席助理会按国家字母顺序依次点出国家名，被点到的国家举起国家牌(Placard)，并回答：“present(到)”。2、确定议题 Setting the Agenda本次会议将会由两个议题供代表们选择，代表们通过讨论、投票，确定出要首先讨论的议题。在确定议题的阶段，主席分别在赞成首先讨论议题A和赞成首先讨论议题B的国家中，各随机点出3名代表（即，共6名）进行发言，阐述选择先讨论该议题的原因、动机等，发言时间为90秒。6名代表都发言完毕后，将进行投票，投票原则为简单多数，即501。3、发言及让渡时间 Speeches and Yield产生发言名单 Open the Speakers List代表们确定议题之后，正式辩论开始。主席会请需要发言的代表举国家牌（也就是所有的国家都举牌），并随机读出国家名，代表们发言的顺序即主席点名的顺序，当代表们听到自己国家被点到之后，便放下国家牌。每个代表有120秒的发言时间，代表可在大屏幕上看到发言名单。如果需要追加发言机会，代表可向主席台传意向条(page)要求在发言名单上添加其代表的国家，主席会将该过的名字加在发言名单的最后。主席不阻止追加，但其他代表可用动议来阻止。如果代表已在发言名单上，并且还没有发言，则不能在其发言之前追加发言机会。一旦发言名单上所有国家已发言，并且没有任何代表追加发言机会，会议直接进入投票表决决议草案阶段。让渡时间 Yield Time代表在发言时间内结束发言之后，可将剩余时间让渡（让渡时间仅出现在120秒的发言名单中），让渡对象如下：让渡给他国代表(Yield Time to Another Delegate)这是我们最提倡的一种让渡方式。让渡国A代表和被让渡国B代表私下协商一致后（传意向条，会前游说等），B代表在A代表剩余的时间内进行发言。如果B代表发言结束还有时间剩余，B代表不能将其再次让渡，主席将继续主持会议。让渡给问题(Yield Time to Questions)一旦代表将剩余时间让渡给问题，主席会请需要提问的代表举牌，并随机点出代表进行提问，提问时间不占用剩余时间，提问内容必须根据发言者的意思来问。发言代表可在剩余时间范围内回答任何被提出的问题。这种让渡方式可以体现发言代表的思辩、反应及口语表达能力，但如果代表水平还有一定差距，选择这种让渡方式就是比较不明智的。让渡给评论(Yield Time to comments)一旦代表将剩余时间让渡给评论，主席会请需要评论的代表举牌，并随机点出代表进行评论，让渡时间给评论的代表没有权利再一次进行观点的陈述或者对评论进行反驳。这种让渡方式是比较冒风险的。如果发言代表和盟国交涉成功让盟国进行有利评论，且盟国保证他到时会举牌并让主席点到他，这样会对发言代表比较有利。但如果评论机会落入反对国手中，该国将会对发言代表的立场进行反驳及批判，这样就会使发言代表进入比较被动的劣势状态。所以，请代表们慎重选择。让渡给主席(Yield Time to the Chair)一旦代表将剩余时间让渡给主席，意味着代表自动放弃剩余时间，主席将继续主持会议。这是我们最不主张的让渡方式，因为这代表发言代表对推动会议的进程起到了消极的作用，没有充分利用好时间阐述各方观点，会使发言代表给大家留下不太好的印象。所以，主席团不推荐这种让渡方式。4、问题和动议 Points and Motions当一位代表按照发言名单的顺序发言完毕后，主席会询问场下有无问题和动议，此时代表可根据自身需要举牌提出问题或动议。动议或问题Motion or Point说明 Description票数要求 Vote to Pass动议更改发言时间Motion to set speaking time如果代表认为发言时间过长或过短，可动议更改发言时间，然后进行投票表决。简单多数（501）Simple majority动议暂时中断正式辩论Motion to suspend the meeting此动议意味着代表试图使正式辩论阶段过渡到非正式辩论阶段，如进行有主持核心磋商(Moderated Caucus)或自由磋商(Unmoderated Caucus)。提出动议的代表需要明确动议的目的及中断正式辩论的时间。详细说明请见“非正式辩论”部分。简单多数（501）Simple majority动议结束辩论Motion to close debate结束辩论的动议生效后，会议进入投票阶段。此动议一般在代表认为其立场已经得到充分阐述，并且决议草案已相当完善的情况下提出。一旦有代表动议结束辩论，主席会请出2名代表陈述赞成此动议的理由，2位代表陈述反对此动议的理由，然后全体代表进行投票表决。三分之二多数（2/3）Two-thirds majority组织性问题Point of Order当代表认为主席在主持会议的过程中产生某种错误时，可以提出组织性问题，以纠正主席错误。可以打断进程提出。不需要投票No vote咨询性问题Point of Inquiry当代表对于会议程序有不明白的地方时，可以举牌向主席咨询。不需要投票No vote个人特权问题Point of Personal Privilege当代表觉得在会场上个人有任何不适时，可以提出各人特权问题，以求得主席团的帮助和解决。不需要投票No vote*意向条 Page代表有任何问题，或者需要进行游说、沟通，都可以通过传意向条的方式向其他代表或者主席表达。会场有工作人员负责传递。5、投票表决 Voting模拟联合国会议绝大多数的步骤都需要全体代表进行表决。表决的对象包括对程序的表决和对会议文件的表决。对程序的表决（如对某一动议进行表决）中，所有代表需要投票，即不可以弃权。对于决议草案的表决，是一个点名表决的过程，主席依次点名，点到的国家举牌并回答：赞成(Yes)、反对(No)或者弃权(Abstain)。代表们根据辩论进展依次提交会议文件：工作文件(Working Paper)，决议草案(Draft Resolution)，会议文件提出后，代表们针对其内容进行辩论，并提交修正案(Amendment)对其相关条款进行修正。在辩论结束后，委员会进入对决议草案和修正案的投票阶段，皆为唱名表决 (Roll Call Vote )。会议文件需要得到2/3的赞成票才能通过。首先对修正案进行表决，其次是决议草案。在模拟联合国大会中，代表们可以提出多份不同的草案，因此，投票顺序取决于草案提交顺序。一旦草案通过，即成生决议，不再对其他草案进行投票，这一议题的讨论结束，委员会进入下一个议题的讨论。二、非正式辩论 Informal Debate1、 有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus有主持核心磋商指代表们在主席的主持下按照主席随机点出的顺序进行发言，有主持核心磋商讨论的核心内容、总时间、各代表发言时间由提出此动议的代表规定，并需要全体代表进行投票表决。一旦动议通过，在规定的时间内代表们发言的顺序将不按照正式辩论发言名单的顺序进行，因而被成为“非正式辩论”。在这一阶段中，提出动议的代表及其盟友一般会更积极地抓住这个机会，阐述立场和观点、反驳对其不利的观点，以求得更多地支持。2、 自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus提出自由磋商动议的代表仅需要规定总时间，一旦动议得到通过，在规定地时间内代表可以离开作座位，更为密切地和盟友们交换意见，讨论各自认为重要的任何方面的问题。总的来说，在非正式辩论阶段，代表们一般会因利益的不同自动地结成多个集团，因此合作精神是更为重要地，代表们只有在第一时间明确了自己的观点和立场，并加入到集体的讨论中，才可能在解下来的过程中进一步地维护国家利益。此外，对于大国来说，在积极游说地过程中，应尽量避免独断专行，而对于小国而言，即使讨论的某个具体方面对自身没有任何利害关系，也需要积极地投入，表明自己对其有所兴趣，否则很可能会被孤立在外，一旦被孤立，便很难找到实现自己利益的平台。文件写作一、立场文件 Position Paper每个国家在会前都要针对各个议题提交一份立场文件，对本国的基本观点做出简明扼要的阐述。立场文件应以文段的形式撰写。开头要写明代表姓名，学校，代表国家，所在委员会和议题。首先要概括介绍本议题在当前国际社会上的状况，对整体情况有个大致的了解。然后要介绍联合国和本国就此议题的态度和采取过的行动，要避免冗长的罗列，以能表达立场为目的。接着要详尽阐述本国的立场、观点和计划采取的行动，需要真实、有可行性。最后用最简单的语言总结本国最基本的立场观点。一份好的立场文件应该包含丰富有效的信息。不仅仅应该包含你所代表国家国内的相关信息，全球范围内与该议题相关的重要信息都应该有所整理，并包含到你的立场文件中。我们建议引用一些比较权威的机构、组织与媒体提供的信息，以充实你的立场文件。我们建议代表使用一个简明的架构来书写立场文件。你的工作不是把你所收集的大量信息填充到结构中，而是把你的观点、建议以及解决办法等等信息融合起来加以整理，使他们能够很好的融合到你的立场文件结构中，让你的立场文件更有建设性。以下是立场文件的基本结构。第一部分：简单诠释议题中的关键词，初步介绍议题的背景与情况；第二部分：介绍你所代表国家在该议题上面临的问题与阻力；第三部分：介绍你的国家以及其他国家和国际组织在该问题上已经采取的措施；第四部分：介绍你所在的国家以及其他国家和国际组织未来的规划与对策；第五部分：你所代表的国家对自己、对其他国家和对联合国的期望与建议。二、工作文件 Working Paper当一国或国家集团对议题产生初步的解决办法时，可以总结成一份工作文件，提交给大会，向各国介绍己方的解决办法。工作文件不需要特定的文件格式，可以是图表，可以是文段，也可以列关键点。也可以将工作文件作为决议草案的雏形，按照决议草案的格式撰写，具有全面性。三、决议草案 Draft Resolution决议草案是按照联合国决议文件形式起草的对该议题的解决办法。决议草案的起草国和附议国总数必须达到与会代表国的20，才可向大会主席递交决议草案。起草国 Sponsors: 完全赞成该项决议草案附议国 Signatories: 不一定赞成该决议草案，但是认为这份决议草案很值得讨论。四、修正案 Amendment修正案分为：友好修正案 ( Friendly Amendment ): 原决议草案的全部起草国都赞成该修改意见，该修正案就成为友好修正案，直接被添加到原决议草案的最后。非友好修正案 ( Unfriendly Amendment ): 没有使得原起草国都赞成该修改意见，该修正案使非友好修正案，需要征集到与会代表20得附议国签名，才可以向大会主席递交。原决议草案得起草国不能成为非友好修正案的起草国或附议国，原决议草案的附议国则可以签署修正案。修正案表决时需逐条表决。五、指令草案 Draft Directive指令草案是安理会处理危机时候的一种文件类型。它和决议草案在格式和功能上都很相近，但是指令草案不需要序言性条款，要直接书写行动性条款。因为代表们要解决危机，所以指令草案得行动措施要立即、有效，防止长远规划。安理会指令草案得起草国和附议国总数要达到3个才能提交主席团，只要10国赞同，且“五常”不反对，才能通过。可以对指令草案提出修正案。二、危机委员会在代表讨论议题的时候，主席团会不定时地给代表们发放危机材料，其中既有发给全体代表的材料，又有针对当事国的密函。一旦危机出现，代表应当立即停止原来的讨论，把注意力转移到危机上来。面对每一次新形势，代表都应当思考国际社会应当采取的行动，适时起草指令草案 (Draft Directive)。指令草案的内容是代表认为面对危机的发展，该委员会或者国际社会应当立即采取的行动。根据代表们的不同反应，危机会按照主席团设计的不同路线进行。待危机完全结束，代表们回到原议题的讨论。危机都是和议题相关的，建议代表在最终的决议草案中反映出通过危机所获得的启示和各国形成的共识。Conference Detailed Flow ChartRoll Call点名点名，该阶段要求确定共多少国家参会，参会国家的简单多数和三分之二多数是多少。The Rapporteur: Honorable delegates, now we are going to have the roll call. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer PRESENT. 问完之后，依照字母顺序宣读国家名。（见国家名单）The Rapporteur: The peoples Republic of China.Delegate of PRC: Present.The Rapporteur: The Peoples Republic of China is present.所有国家宣读完毕之后，统计到会国家数量，并计算简单多数及三分之二多数。The Rapporteur: 50 countries present in all. The simple majority is 26 and the two-thirds majority is 34.Setting the Agenda确定议题确定议题，当一个委员会有超过一个议题的时候，需要投票确定先讨论哪个议题，简单多数通过。首先请分别支持议题A或B的国家举牌，任意抽取三个国家，上台阐述支持原因，每人90秒。The Chair: There are a multiple topic areas in UNEP, so we are going to setting the agenda. The countries those want to set topic A, please raise your placard.The Chair: China, United States, Japan. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for setting topic A. Each delegate has 90 seconds to state.刚刚点选的三个国家上台阐述支持A议题的原因。The Chair: The countries those want to set topic B, please raise your placard.The Chair: Spain, Brazil, France. These 3 countries are going to state their reasons for setting topic B. Each delegate has 90 seconds to state.刚刚点选的三个国家上台阐述支持B议题的原因。The Chair: We heard those reasons for setting topic A and reasons for setting topic B. Now we are going to vote. Those countries want to set topic A, please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: There are 33 countries want to set topic A first. The simple majority is 26. So we are going to discuss topic A first.Formal Debate正式辩论阶段The Chair: Now we are coming into the formal debate. Firstly we will open the speakers list.Open the Speakers List确定发言名单正式辩论阶段，首先确定发言名单（即发言的顺序）。The Chair: All delegates who want to speak please raise your placard.The Chair: China, United States, Brazil, Peru.确定发言名单时，主席随机点选国家，会议助理记录点选顺序。Speak发言正式开始发言，每国代表发言时间两分钟（可能有代表在后期动议更改）,在三十秒时，主席叩响桌面提醒代表。The Chair: The country called please come to the platform and states your position. Each delegate has two minutes to state. The Chair will remind the delegate when there is 30 seconds left. China.The delegate of PRC: Honorable Chair, my fellow delegates, %&*$%会议助理注意计时，时间到：The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired.Yield Time让渡如果发言国有剩余时间，起用让渡程序处理剩余时间。The Chair: The delegate of China, you have 40 seconds left. Now you can yield the time to the questions, comments, the chair or another delegate.此时有四种情况：1）让渡给他国The delegate of PRC: China yields time to Brazil.The Chair: Now Brazil has 40 seconds to speak.Brazil: Thanks China and thanks the chair. Brazil believes that2）让渡给问题The delegate of PRC: China yield time to questions.The Chair: China yielded its time to question. 40 seconds for 2 questions. Those countries have inquiries please raise your placard. United States.The delegate of US: US didnt understand3）让渡给评论The delegate of PRC: China yield time to comments.The Chair: China yielded its time to comments. 40 seconds for one comment. Those countries want to have a comment, please raise your placard. Japan.Japan: Thanks the chair. Japan thinks that it is quite obvious in this topic thatetc.4）让渡给主席The delegate of PRC: China yield time to the Chair.The Chair: China yielded its time to the Chair.注意：所有让渡不得二次让渡进入问题或动议程序Motions or Points问题或动议问题或动议阶段，代表依照规则提出问题或动议。The Chair: Now the speech of China ended. Any motion or point? Japan.此时共6种情况。1）组织性问题代表认为主席在会议流程上有失误时提出。The delegate of Japan: Point of order. The Chair didnt follow the right order on the speakers listetc.此时，如果属实，主席承认错误，并进行更正。如果有特殊原因，主席应当解释。The Chair: Thanks to Japan. Now we are going back to correct the order. ORThe Chair: Thanks to Japan but the delegate of UK has personal privilege. UK will be added in after the delegate comes back.2）咨询性问题代表对于会议程序不明白时，可以咨询主席。The delegate of Japan: Point of inquiry. Japan wants to make sure how many votes we need to pass a point of personal privilegeetc.The Chair: Thanks to Japan and we need no vote for a point of personal privilegeetc. Any other motion or point?3）个人特权问题代表有特殊要求或个人身体不适时，可以提出以求得帮助或解决。The delegate of Japan: Japan feels thirsty, should we have some drinks.etc.The Chair: Thanks to Japan but drinks and food are self-serviced outside the conference room. Any other motion or pointetc.4）动议更改发言时间（简单多数通过）The delegate of Japan: Japan has a motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds, since most delegates dont have so many points to sayetc.The Chair: Motion for setting the speaking time for 90 seconds. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to shorten time please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: There are only 12 countries in favor. 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion failed.注意：动议必须经过投票才能判断通过与否，点票工作由会议助理负责。5）动议暂时中断辩论，进入非正式辩论程序（简单多数）有主持核心磋商The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the influences of human activities in global warming. Each delegate has 30 seconds speaking time.The Chair: Motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for the problem of the causes of global warming. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: 45 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. 20 countries can speak in this moderated caucus. Each delegate has 30 seconds to state. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard. China.本次发言每次点选一个国家上台发言，没有提示，时间到直接停止。时间到时：The Chair: Sorry to interrupt but your time expired. Those countries want to speak please raise your placard. Next country to state is UK.自由磋商The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus.The Chair: Motion for a 20-minute un-moderated caucus. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: 39 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the un-moderated caucus for 20 minutes. 本次磋商无须组织，20分钟后所有代表回到会场即可。6）动议休会，结束一个阶段的会议（简单多数）该动议通常由主席建议，以保证代表们能够准时午餐/晚餐。时间临近午餐/晚餐时：The Chair: Now its time for lunch. The Chair recommends for having a motion for suspending the meeting. We will continue this afternoon at 2:00 p.m. Any motion or point? US.The delegate of US: United States has a motion for suspending the meeting due to its time for lunch.The Chair: Motion for suspending the meeting. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: 50 in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. This motion passed. Now our meeting adjourned. All delegates please come back to the meeting room at 2:00 p.m. Thank you.Informal Debate非正式辩论非正式辩论是穿插在正式辩论中进行的，通常是在一名代表发言完毕后由动议提出的。包括有主持核心磋商和自由磋商两种程序，细节见上表。Repeat重复发言到问题或动议的整个流程，直到发言名单结束。Vote投票投票，是针对已经提交的决议草案的表决。决议草案（Draft Resolution）是代表在会议过程中抽出时间撰写的，并在撰写完成后得到其他国家附议后提交主席团。主席团根据提交顺序编号（Draft Resolution 1.1,1.2etc.），并下发至代表讨论。讨论时：The Chair: Now we have Draft Resolution 1.1 delivered by China. The chair recommends for having a motion for discussing the Draft Resolution 1.1. Any motion or point? China.The delegate of PRC: China has a motion for a 10-minute moderated caucus for Draft Resolution 1.1. China will explain the resolution and other delegates are going to have inquiries on it.The Chair: Motion for discussing the Draft Resolution 1.1. A 10-minute moderated caucus and each delegate has 1 minute to state. The vote is needed for this motion. Those countries in favor to this motion please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: 50 countries in favor and 26 are needed for simple majority. So this motion passed. Here goes the discussion. Now China is going to explain the Draft Resolution 1.1.决议草案的解释与答辩是在发言名单中穿插进行的，在发言名单结束之后，通常是直接进入对已有的决议草案的邮票阶段。就算只有一份决议草案，也需要投票。投票顺序依照主席的编号顺序。The Chair: Now the speakers list closed. We are going to vote for the Draft Resolutions. There are 3 Draft Resolutions and we are going to vote 1.1 first. The copies of 1.1 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow the letters order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. Peoples Republic of China.The delegate of PRC: Favor/veto/abstain (or Yes/No/Abstain). The Chair: China is in favor/against/abstained.VOTEThe Chair: There are 29 countries in favor, 13 against and 8 abstained. 34 needed for two-third majority so the Draft Resolution 1.1 failed. Here votes the Draft Resolution 1.2. The copies of 1.2 were sent to delegates. Now the countries will called follow the letters order. Those countries called please raise your placard and answer FAVOR, VETO or ABSTAIN. Peoples Republic of China.注意，如果通过了一个决议草案，剩余的决议草案自动作废。如果没有任何决议草案通过，不会进行重新投票，表示会议在本议题上没有达成共识，没有结果。Working Paper工作文件工作文件是与会代表在会议中，根据会议进程草拟的总结性文件，作用在于总结会议前一阶段的磋商和合作成果。提交的工作文件直接印发代表即可，不需要通过或者讨论。如果有内容详尽的工作文件，可以建议代表促成一份决议草案。Other Situations特殊动议：结束辩论（三分之二多数）该动议由代表提出，表示无论发言名单上有多少国家剩余，都即刻结束辩论，进入投票阶段。该动议需要三分之二多数通过，并要求赞成与反对的双方各选两名代表阐述支持与反对的理由，时间1分钟。The delegate of US: United States has a motion for closing the debate.The Chair: Motion for closing the debate. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise your placard. China, United States. These two countries are going to state the reason they in favor to close the debate. The delegate of China. You have one minute to state.(China speaking)The Chair: Thanks to China. The delegate of United States.( US speaking)The Chair: Thanks to United States. Those countries against the motion please raise your placard. Brazil. UK. These two countries are going to state the objection of the motion. The delegate of Brazil.(Brazil speaking)The Chair: Thanks to Brazil. The delegate of United Kingdom.(UK speaking)The Chair: Thanks to United Kingdom. Now we are going to vote. Those countries in favor to the motion please raise your placard.VOTEThe Chair: 32 countries in favor but 34 are needed for this motion. So this motion failed. We are going to continue our speakers list. Next country to state is追加发言名单的方法如果有国家希望在发言名单结束后追加发言（通常是因为立场没有阐述清楚或者有补充阐述），可以用PAGE向主席申请追加本国至发言名单末尾，无须投票通过。PAGE格式将下发给代表。TranslationsAbout the people委员会 committee主席 chair助理 rapporteur 会议指导 director工作人员 staff代表 delegateAbout the procedure点名 roll call国家牌 placard到 present正式辩论 Formal Debate让渡给他国代表Yield Time to Another Delegate让渡给问题Yield Time to Questions让渡给评论Yield Time to comments让渡给主席Yield Time to the Chair问题和动议 Points and Motions动议更改发言时间Motion to set speaking time动议暂时中断正式辩论Motion to suspend the meeting简单多数（501）Simple majority三分之二多数（2/3）Two-thirds majority动议结束辩论Motion to close debate个人特权问题Point of Personal Privilege咨询性问题Point of Inquiry组织性问题Point of Order意向条 Page非正式辩论 Informal Debate有主持核心磋商 Moderated Caucus自由磋商 Unmoderated Caucus立场文件 Position Paper工作文件 Working Paper决议草案 Draft Resolution修正案 Amendment友好修正案 Friendly Amendment非友好修正案 Unfriendly Amendment 休会 Adjourn the meetingSample Documents会议文件示例Sample Position PaperDelegate（s）: Pan Fangdi, Chen YilinSchool: Shenzhen High SchoolCommittee: Security CouncilSponsors: The Republic of PeruTopic: Situation in SudanThe civil war in Sudan between the Arab Muslim population in the north and the mostly black Christian population in the south has lasted for decades. With more than two million lives claimed and around six million people forced to flee from their homes since 1983, a new crisis which has involved a greater number of innocent civilians emerged in Sudans Darfur region, turning out to be one of the most serious humanitarian crises in the world today.The United Nations Security Council has passed a number of resolutions in the past few years concerning the situation in Sudan. Furthermore, the Security Council has also called for all UN member states contribution to the African Union forces to support its mandate in Darfur which aims at ensuring lasting peace. Perucondemnsall abuses of human rights, including the murdering of civilians, the raping of women and the boundless looting of valuables. Refugees being forced to flee from their m