名词的用法及归纳.doc

名词的用法及归纳名词：表示人、事物或抽象概念的名称的词。一、名词的分类类别用法例词普通名词表示一类人、或东西、或一个抽象概念的名词可数名词个体名词表示某类人或东西中的个体pen,student,desk,book,bike集体名词表示若干个个体组成的集合体family,class,people,school不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的实物air,water,paper抽象名词表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念work,time,news专有名词表示某个（些）人、地方、机构等专有的名称（注意：这类词的中心词的第一个字母要大写）翻译：长城；汤姆；中国二、名词的数1.可数名词有单数和复数两种形式。复数形式的构成：变形规则写出以下词语的复数形式1、一般情况下，在词尾加sbook2、ch,sh,s,x+eswatch,box3、o+es（动植物）tomato,potatoo+s（非动植物）photo,radio4、元音字母（a,e,i,o,u）+y+sboy;holiday;monkey（辅音字母）+yiesstudy;technology5、f,feveswife;leaf6、双重复数变为复数：awomannurse变为复数：amandoctor国民的复数形式：国别复数形式Chinese/Japanese（中日）Englishman/Frenchman/（英法）American/Australian/German,etc./（其他）2.不可数名词一般没有复数形式，若表示确定数量时，一般用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”。【例题】翻译以下词组：两杯水：；两条新闻：；两张纸：；几片面包：；两袋大米：；3. 有些名词既可作可数名词也可作不可数名词，但词义有所不同。不可数名词词义可数名词词义不可数名词词义可数名词词义fruit水果fruitsfood食物foodsfish鱼fishesdrink饮料、酒adrinkcloth布aclothsand沙sandschicken鸡肉achickenorange橘汁anorangeglass玻璃glassespaper纸apaperwood木头woodsroom空间aroom4.数量的表示：修饰可数名词afew一点苹果：（肯定）few(几乎没有)一点苹果：（否定）many许多人：a(great)numberof大量学生：修饰不可数名词alittle一点点面包：（肯定）little(几乎没有）一点面包：（否定）much许多大米：(large)amountsof大量的水资源：agreatdealof许多钱：既修饰可数名词又修饰不可数名词alotof=lotsof许多羊：（只用于肯定）plentyof大量的信息：some一些故事：any一些错误：enough足够的食物：三、名词的所有格1.有生命的名词所有格，以及表示时间、距离、城镇、国家等的名词所有格：不是以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，在词尾加s。【例题】：麦克的手表：以s结尾的名词变成所有格时，只加。【例题】：老师们的办公室：；两个或两个以上名词并列，表示共同所有，只需在最后一个名词后加s。【例题】：汤姆和麦克的房间：;杰克和玛丽的姐姐：;两个或两个以上名词并列，表示分别所有，需在几个名词后都加s。【例题】：玛丽的自行车和汤姆的自行车：汤姆的姐姐和麦克的姐姐：在表示“店铺、某某家、诊所”的名词所有格后面，一般省去被修饰的名词。【例题】：在他弟弟家：；在医生的诊所里：；在史密斯先生家：；用所有格表示时间或距离的方法：【例题】：开车十分钟的路程：；一个月的假期：；两周的工作：用所有格表示节日的方法。如：TeachersDay；ChildrensDay注意：除了父亲节和母亲节（MothersDay、FathersDay），其他节日都用名词复数的所有格表示。【例题】：妇女节：;儿童节：;2.无生命的事物的名词所有格，常用of结构。【例题】：一张中国地图：；这个游戏的开始；这个房间的门：3.特殊形式：1）可用s和of短语表示的名词所有格：【例题】：用of短语表示：theboysname=；Chinaspopulation=2）双重所有格。【例题】：我妈妈的一个朋友：；汤姆的一张照片：练习选择题A：（数）1.Inthepicturetherearemany_andtwo_.A.sheep,foxesB.sheeps,foxC.sheeps,foxesD.sheep,foxs2.InBritain,_areallpaintedred.A.letterboxesB.lettersboxesC.letterboxDlettersbox3.Pleaseremembertogivethehorsesometree_.A.leafsB.leavesC.leafD.leave4.Canwehavesome_?Yes,please.A.bananaB.orangesC.appleD.pear5.Theygotmuch_fromthosenewbooks.A.ideasB.photosC.informationD.stories6.Whatwouldyouliketohaveforlunch,sir?Idlike_.A.chickenB.achickenC.chickensD.thechicken7.Childrenshouldmake_foroldpeopleinabus.A.roomB.aroomC.roomsD.theroom8.Tablesaremadeof_.A.woodB.somewoodsC.woodenD.woods9.Therearefour_andtwo_inthegroup.A.Japanese,GermenB.Japaneses,GermenC.Japanese,GermansD.Japanese,Germens10.Agroupof_willvisitthemuseumtomorrow.A.HungarianB.AustralianC.JapaneseD.American11.Therearesixty-seven_inourschool.A.womensteacherB.womenteachersC.womanteachersD.womenteacher12.Therearefive_inourfactory.A.womandriverB.womendriverC.womandriversD.womendrivers13.Wouldyoulike_tea?No,thanks.Ihavedrunktwo_.A.any,bottlesoforangeB.some,bottlesoforangeC.many,bottlesoforangesD.few,bottleoforanges14.Heishungry.Givehim_toeat.A.twobreadsB.twopieceofbreadC.twopiecesofbreadD.twopiecesofbreads15.Canyougiveme_?A.ateaB.somecupofteaC.acupteaD.acupoftea16.Johnbought_forhimselfyesterday.A.twopairsofshoesB.twopairofshoeC.twopairofshoesD.twopairsshoes17.What_lovelyweatheritis!A./B.theC.anD.a18.Hegaveus_onhowtokeepfit.A.someadvicesB.someadviceC.anadviceD.aadvice19.Itreallytookhim_todrawthenicehorse.A.sometimesB.hourC.longtimeD.sometime20.Shewasveryhappy.She?inthemathstest.A.makesafewmistakeB.madeafewmistakesC.madefewmistakesD.makesfewmistake选择题B：（所有格）1.March8this_Day.A.WomansB.WomensC.WomansD.Women2.Isthebroomunder_desk?No,itsunder_.A.theteachers;myB.teachers;mineC.teachers;meD.theteachers;mine3.Excuseme,whereisthe_?A.mensroomB.mensroomC.mensroomsD.menrooms4.Thefootballunderthebedis_.A.LilyandLucyB.LilysandLucysC.LilysandLucyD.LilyandLucys5.Hisbagisnicerthan_inhisclass.A.anyotherstudentB.theotherstudentsC.anyotherstudentsD.anystudents6.Joanis_.A.MarysandJacksisterB.MaryandJackssisterC.MaryandJacksisterD.MarysandJackssister7.Inafew_time,thosemountainswillbecoveredwithtrees.A.yearB.yearsC.yearsD.years8.Thepostofficeisabitfarfromhere.Itsabout_.A.thirtyminutesswalkB.thirtyminuteswalkC.thirtyminuteswalkD.thirtyminuteswalk9.Pleasetaketwo_.A.pictureoftheparkB.picturesoftheparkC.thepicturesofaparkD.pictureofapark10.MissSmithisafriendof_.A.MarysmothersB.MarysmotherC.mothersofMaryD.Marymothers附加题：1.Wecouldsee_childrenandhear_noiseinthepark.A.many,many?B.much,much?C.many,much?D.much,many2.Computerscando_workinashorttime,butamancannotdo_byhimself.A.greatmany;manyB.much;agreatmanyC.agreatdealof;muchD.many;agreatmany3.InherletterAuntMarytoldusmany_abouthervisittoJapan.A.newsB.storiesC.advicesD.idea4.Mr.Lioftengivesus_bye-mail.A.somegoodinformationsB.somegoodinformationC.goodinformationsD.agoodinformation5.CanIhelpyou,sir?Idliketohave100_.Iwantthestudentstodrawpicturesonthem.A.pieceofpaper?B.piecesofpaper?C.papers?D.paper6.Theywantthree_.A.loafbreadB.loafofbreadC.loavesbreadD.loavesofbread7.?September10this_Day.A.theTeacher?B.Teachers?C.Teacher?D.Teachers8.Thosenicecarsarethosefamous_.A.dancersB.dancersC.dancersD.dancer9.?Thetwodeskshereare_.Youmayusethedeskoverthere.A.MaryandJane?B.MarysandJanes?C.MaryandJanesD.MarysandJanes10.Howfarisitfromyourofficetoyourflat?Itsabout_.A.20minuteswalkB.20-minuteswalkC.walk20minutesD.20minuteswalk11.Imgoingtohelp_with_English.A.afriendofNancy,hers?B.afriendofNancys,her?C.afriendofNancys,hers?D.afriendofNancy,her12._thatpairofnew_expensive?A.Is,shoeB.Are,shoeC.IsshoesD.Are,shoes13._leavingforBeijingtomorrow.A.TheZhangisB.TheZhangsareC.TheZhangsareD.Zhangsis14.Thisisabookof_.A.TomB.TomsC.herD.him15.Thepostcardissentby_.A.afriendofmyfatherB.afriendofmyfathersC.myfatherfriendD.myfatherfriends16.Thisroomis_.A.BillandDavidsB.BillsandDavidsC.BillsandDavidsD.BillandDavid17.Iwo