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OliverTwist oneofthemostfamousworksofCharlesDickens isanovelreflectingthetragicfactofthelifeinBritainin19thcentury IntroductionLifetimeworksOliverTwistsGreatExpectations GreatExpectations OliverTwist AChristmasCarol HardTimes ATaleofTwoCities DavidCoperfield WorksbyCharlesDickens 雾都孤儿 圣诞颂歌 双城记 艰难时世 远大前程 大卫 科波菲尔 LifetimesWorks Thefirstperiod 1836 1841 特点 youthfuloptimism 博兹札记 SketchesbyBoz 匹克威克外传 ThePickwickPapers 雾都孤儿 OliverTwist 尼古拉斯 尼克贝 NicholasNickleby 老古玩店 TheOldCuriocityShop 巴纳比 拉奇 BarnabyRudge Thesecondperiod 1842 1851 特点 excitementandirritation 美国纪行 AmericanNotes 圣诞颂歌 AChristmasCarol 马丁 翟述伟 MartinChuzzlewit 教堂钟声 TheChimes 灶上蟋蟀 TheCricketontheHearth 董贝父子 DombeyandSon 大卫 科波菲尔 DavidCopperfield thethirdperiod 1851 1870 特点 intensifyingpessimism 写给孩子看的英国历史 AChild sHistoryofEngland 荒凉山庄 BleakHouse 艰难时世 HardTimes 小杜丽 LittleDorrit 双城记 ATaleofTwoCities 远大前程 GreatExpectations 我们共同的朋友 OurMutualFriend 艾德温 德鲁德之谜 TheMysteryofEdwinDrood 未完成 whyhewrotethisbook In1830 thewealthassumedthepoorwereuncontrollable Sostatecaredtheirexistenceonlywhentheycommittedcrimes ThePoorLawsalsocausedsomeproblems thechildrenuneducated thelowerclasspopulationstarvingandsoon Novel sBackground MainCharacters OliverTwist anorphanwhohasgrownupintheworkhouseMr Bumble anofficeroftheworkhousewhoiscallousandselfishMr Brownlow arealgentlemanwhoiskind heartedFagin aJewwhotrainssomechildrentostealthingsforhimSikes aferociousthiefwhoisfamiliarwithFagin OliverTwistwasanorphanlivedinworkhouse LifetherewassohardthatOliverescapedtoLondon However hewascontrolledbyFagintostealthings Olivewassoonsavedincidentally ThenhelivedahappylifejustforashorttimeashewascaughttoFaginagain Butatlast Oliverlivedapermanenthappylife SummrizedAccount OliverTwist isCharlesDickens ssecondnovelandalsoisthefirstnovelintheEnglishlanguagetocentrethroughoutonachildprotagonistandisalsonotableforDickens sunromanticportrayalofcriminalsandtheirsordidlives OliverTwistisaboutaboynamedOliverTwist whoescapesfromanorphanage 孤儿院 andmeetsagangofpickpocketers 扒手 inLondon ThenovelisoneofDickens smostwell knownworks andhasbeenthesubjectofnumerousfilmandtelevisionadaptations Please sir Iwantsomemore PlotsummaryofOliverTwist OliveriswonderingwhetherheshouldgotoLondon Oliverfinallydecidestorunaway Hewandersaimlesslyforatime untilawell placedmilestonesetshiswanderingfeettowardsLondon WhenOliverispunchedandbeatedsomekindheartedpersonhelpandprotecthim InOliverTwist Oliver aninnocentchild istrappedinaworldwherehisonlyalternativesseemtobetheworkhouse Fagin sthieves aprison oranearlygrave Oliverremainspure hearted hesteersawayfromevilwhenthosearoundhimgiveintoit and inproperfairy talefashion heeventuallyreceiveshisreward leavingforapeacefullifeinthecountry surroundedbykindfriends Onthewaytothishappyending Dickensexploresthekindoflifeanorphan MajorthemesofOliverTwist Please sir Iwantsomemore Thebowlsneverwantedwashing Theboyspolishedthemwiththeirspoons CharlesDickensPrefacetoOT ButIhadnevermet exceptinHOGARTH withthemiserablereality Itappearedtomethattodrawaknotofsuchassociatesincrimeasreallydidexist topaintintheminalltheirdeformity inalltheirwretchedness inallthesqualidmiseryoftheirlives toshowthemastheyreallywere foreverskulkinguneasilythroughthedirtiestpathsoflife withthegreatblackghastlygallowsclosinguptheirprospect turnthemwheretheymight itappearedtomethattodothis wouldbetoattemptasomethingwhichwasneeded atwhichwouldbeaservicetosociety AndIdiditasIbestcould revealtheuglymasksofthosecruelcriminalsandtoexposethehorrorandviolencehiddenunderneaththenarrowanddirtystreetsinLondon MainCharacters OliverTwist Themaincharacterofthestory Oliverisanaffection starvedlittleboywhowillnotcommitcrimes Hewasabusedasayoungchild andonlywantstobeloved Hisadventuresmakehimthebestoffriendsandtheworstofenemies Fagin Themainantagonistinthestory TheJew takesOliverunderhiswingandtriestomakeapickpocketoutofhim Heisapowerfulcrimeleaderwhohasanaffectionforonlymoneyandwillkillanyonewhostandsinhisway Nancy AwomanwhoworksforFaginandtriestohelpOliverwhicheventuallyleadstoherdeath heispassionate caring andlovesSikes whoeventuallykillsher Mr Brownlow AmanwhoOliver sthieffriendsrobonthestreet HetakesOliverin anddiscovershistrueparentage OliverTwist 1837 1838 ThestoryOliverTwist anorphanbornandraisedinaworkhouse isapprenticedat9toanundertaker Sufferingmaltreatment OliverrunsawayandheadsforLondon Onthewayheispickedupbyagroupofthievesandisdrilledintheartofpickingpockets onceoutfortheft OliverisrescuedbyMr Brownlow akindoldgentleman ButsoonOliverisrecapturedbythegang Fagin theheadofthegang triestoinvolveOliverinsomecrime SoheconvincesBill Sikes aviciouscriminal touseOliverinamajorburglary Theattemptfails andOliveriswoundedandrescuedbyMrs Maylie MeanwhileapersonnamedMonksisangrywithFaginforfailingtotrickOliverintoalawlesslife Whentheyareplanningnewtricks Nancy oneofthegangmembers goestotelleverythingtoOliver srescuers AtthistimeMr BownlowhasmanagedtoknowaboutMonksandOliver NancyisfoundoutandiskilledbyBill Inthefinalchase Faginisarrestedandsentencedtobehanged Billaccidentallyhangshimself The novelendshappilywithOlivergettinghisduepropertyandbeingadoptedbyMr Brownlowandotherrewardsforthegoodandpunishmentfortheevil 2 Settinga Asuggestivelyunwholesomebackground ThestoryofOliverTwistisadarktalegeneratedbyvice degradationandterror slimeandfilth dismalatmosphereheightenedbytheelements bitterlycoldweather rainandfog b Nightactivities thecriminalsliveingloom andtheonlyperiodofsustainedbrightnessisduringsummermonthswhenOliverstayswiththeMayliesattheirruralcottage c Themainconcernofthenovel povertyandcrime theharvestofsocialdereliction Theoutcastsofsocietylurkamidcrumblingruinsthatareexpressiveoftotteringinstitutionsthathavehelpedtodeformtheirlives theconstantwords neglect decay Ithasbeentheneglectofhumanvaluesthathasfosteredthespiritualdecay 3 MaincharactersOliverTwistThetitularheroofthenovel OliveristhenaturalsonofEdwinLeefordandAgnesFleming Heisapallid unrealizedfigure Authorialassertion insteadofhisownbehaviour decidesuponhischaracter Heisshowntobequiet yielding conciliatoryandnaturallygood quitedefenselessagainstthecruelandunscrupulous Oliverlacksthecapacitiesordinarilyexpectedinaprotaganist whoseactsanddecisionsusu havesomeinfluenceonthecourseofevents Insteadofbeinganactiveparticipantintheshapingofhisowndestiny Oliverbecomestheprizeforwhichtheopposingforcescontend Heismoreacteduponthanacting MonksOliver sbrotherandmajorpersecutor Heisadark sinisterfigurewholurksominouslyinthebackgroundduringmuchofthenovel onlyappearingoccasionallyandsuddenly HecontrolsFaginbyexploitingthelatter savarice Hetypifiesakindoffesteringevil thatworksunderthesurface Monksalsorevealsthebadinfluenceofataintedenvironment inhiscasethegreedandill willofanunworthymother Dickensshowswithsuchafigurethatitisnotpovertyalonethatresultsinmutilationofthehumanspirit buttheabsenceofbenevolenceandaffection FaginThemastermindamongthecriminals Faginisuglyinappearanceandrepulsiveindisposition DickensdisplaysinFaginsomeofthecomplexitiesofnormalhumannature heisshrewd reflective extremelyself controlling savageandsardonicallyhumorous Thoughbasicallydepravedandevil hecouldrevealoccasionallyatinctureofhumanfeeling asinthecaseofhiswarningOliverofSikes cruelty SikesAbrutalcriminal Heisbestial despotic irrational losingeverysignofhumansensitivityortenderness Stupidratherthancourageous heopenlyscornstheslyFaginandfinally stirredupbythelatter murdershisonlyfriendNancy NancyThoughamemberofthegang Nancystillkeepsinheradormanttendencytowardgood ThisrevealsitselfinhersavingOliverthoughsheknowsthatbydoingthisherownpositionishopeless Herownrefusaltoescapeshowshertobealamentablefigure abasicallygoodperson whohasdriftedsofarfromhonestwaysthatnoreturnispossible RoseMaylieAtypicalexampleofunblemishedDickensianwomanhood anangel likefigure worthy incorruptibleanduntaintedbyhumancomplexityandinconsistency ShecouldalsobecompassionatetowardsOliverandhumanetowardsNancywhentheyareinnormallyrepellentsituations BrownlowApersonofkindness generosityandbenevolence Brownlowalsoshowsacharacterofdiversetraits hecouldbeimpatientandcurt andisnotalwayspayingenoughregardtolegalandethicalmeansinthepursuitofhisobjectives BrownlowisanactivistandtheacknowledgedleaderofthehonorablecompanygatheredaroundOliver 4 Plotandstructurea OliverTwist atypicalDickensnovel thenoveldevelopsaroundacoreoftangledintriguethatbringstogetheralargenumberofpeople thoughonthesurfacetheirpathsdonotseemlikelytocross theinterrelatednessofthepeople Theattendantcomplicationsandtheirunravelingcontributealargemeasureofmysteryandsuspenseb Characteristicconflictandresolutioninthenovel dualconflictsinthenovel theonebetweenMonksandOliver theonebetweenFaginandSikes Through hisconspiracywithMonks Faginisinvolvedinbothconflictsandconvergesthetwolinesoftumultuousactions c TheclimaxofOliver strials TheabortiveChertseyburglary aturningpointforOliverwhosefortunessteadilyimprovethereafter thecrisisismoreofFagin sdecisionthanofOliver sownvolition d ThecrisisoftheconflictbetweenFaginandSikes Fagin sstepofhavingNancyspieduponleads directlytotheclimaxofgirl smurder Withthebloodydeedtheentiregangofcriminalswasdestroyed e Liberaluseofaccidentsandcoincidence todrawthenumerouspersonsintothecurrentofevents f Characteristicsofmelodrama thefreeinjectionofthequalityofpathos asinthecaseof littleDick theportraitofOliver smotherandMonks scar signsasrecognitiondevices evilbrother adestroyedwill assumed names andthediscoveryofunknownrelatives g Theromanticsubplot melodrama Inthecontestbetweenthedarkandlightforcesofthebook themaidenstandsoutindazzlingwhitepurity Thewooer snoblerenunciationoffameandfortuneforthesakeoftrueloveisaloftytributetovirtuoussentiment Althoughtheromanceishardlyintegraltotheplot itdoesdefertoestablishedliterarytraditionandprovidesacenterofinterestforbringingthebooktoaconclusion 5 Ideas manyinterrelatedideasinthenovel a Preoccupationwiththemiseriesofpoverty indicativeofthisisthemotifofhunger andthespreadofitsdegradingeffectsthroughsociety crimeasoneofitsvileconsequences b Crime theby productofpoverty adehumanizingevil criminalsinthebookarepainfullyalienatedfromthesociety c Stressontheelevatinginfluenceofawholesomeenvironment thepowerofbenevolencetoovercomedepravity 6 Symbolism multi layersymbolisminthenovel a Settingassymbols apartfromitsplotfunction theexternalevidenceofneglectanddecay theircounterpartsinsocietyandintheheartsofmen thedarkdeedsandpassions dimrooms smoke fog anddarknights themoodofterrorandbrutality frequentrainandcoldweather b Charactersassymbols apartfromitsplotfunction ThechimneysweepGamfield cruelty purelysymbolicfigurewithnoplotfunction Brownlow thesymbolofbenevolence c Gesturesofpersonsassymbols Bumble sfondnessforhisthree corneredhat devotiontoanemptyauthoritarianism d Allusiontoobesity symbolforhungerinaninversefashion bycallingattentiontoitsabsence Manypeopleinthenovelaredescribedas fat 7 Stylea luxuriantstyle verboserhetoricItmightbedispleasingtosomeofthemodern tastes butquitesuitedthetastesofhiscontemporaryreaders markedwithslowpaceoflife publicationbyinstallment whichmeanstheneedtomakescenesunforgettableinordertokeepreaders interest b sardonic humour8 SelectedreadingsChapter2 3 Oliver slifeintheworkhouse his reb