初一英语知识点.doc

初一英语重要知识点1、26个字母，大小写，读音，音标，缩略词，前面冠词搭配1). ABC, a.m., p.m, CD, VCD, CEO, ET, B, H, m, km, mm, g, kg, WTO, SOS, SARS, VIP, WHO, UN, NBA, W.C., TV, PRC, UK, USA,2). a story, an interesting story a man, an old man, an honest man, an unusual man3). an hour, an apple, an orange, an egg, a university,4). a “P”, a “U”, an “S”, an “I”, an “R”2. be动词的用法：am, is , are1). I am a middle school student.我是一个中学生。在第一人称单数后用am.2). You are a teacher.你是一个老师。在第二人称，不管单复数，都用are.3). Tom and Mike are brothers.汤姆和麦克是兄弟。主语是复数时，用are.4). Both Jane and Cherry are good at English.两个人都擅长于英语。bothand用are.5). She is my friend.她是我的朋友。第三人称单数，用is.6). The book is very interesting.这本书很有趣。物品单数也用is.7). The food is very delicious.食物很好吃。不可数名词一律用单数。8). The city we live in is fascinating.我们居住的城市很迷人。主语是城市，单数，用is.9). Not only Jane but also Cherry is good at English.不但而且，not onlybut also句型中be动词取决于第二个主语。10). There is a net bar near my home.我家附近有一个网吧。单数。11). There are more than 200 teachers in our school.我们学校有2百多老师。复数。3.人称代词主格Iyouhesheitweyouthey宾格meyouhimheritusyouthemI am an English teacher. My students call me Mr. Chen.我是个老师，学生们叫我陈老师。She is a kind old woman. All of us like her.她是一个和蔼的老太太。大家都喜欢她。Both of them are from UK. They both come from UK.他们两个人都来自英国。介宾。Edisons mother found him a clever boy. Edisons mother found that he was a clever boy.爱迪生的妈妈发现他是个很聪明的孩子。第一个句子，他是宾语，第二个句子中，它是后面的从句的主语。4.物主代词形容词性myyourhisheritsouryourtheir名词性mineyourshishersitsoursyourstheirs1).This is my bike. The bike is mine.这是我的自行车。2).Whos the boy over there? Do you know his name?那个男孩子是谁？你知道他的名字吗？3).I love my motherland as much as yours.我爱我的祖国与你的一样深。4).May I use your pen? Yours works better.我可以用一用你的钢笔吗？你的比我的好用。5).All parents love their children. My parents love theirs too.所有的父母亲都爱他们的孩子，我的父母亲也爱他们的孩子。A friend of mine visited me yesterday and we had a long chat about our school days.我的一个朋友昨天来找我，我们在一起说了很多关于我们在学校的生活的话题。5. What:什么，代词，形容词，连词，感叹词1). Whats her telephone number?他的电话号码是多少?2). What are you doing?你在做什么？3). “What has happened?” She asked.She asked what had happened.她问道，发生了什么事呢？4). What time is it?Whats the time?几点啦？5). I believe what she told me.我相信她所告诉我的话。（引导宾语从句）6). What a fine day!多好的天气啊！(感叹)6.名字：英文里一般名字有三个：first name, middle name, last name.其中first name就是他们的名字(given name), last name就是他们的姓(family name), middle name一般略去。Tomas Smith: Tomas是名字，Smith是姓。First name往往还有昵称。比如：Tom is short for Tomas.称呼一般放在姓氏的前面。比如，我们称呼David Black为Mr Black,而不是Mr David.7. number:号码，数1）number:号码，放在数字前, Number 5或No. 5. Whats your number? I am Number 28.2）The number of: 的数量，谓语动词用单数：The number of the students in our class is fifty-six.我们班的学生数量是56。3）A number of:很多，谓语动词用复数：A number of students like playing computer games.很多学生喜欢打电脑游戏。8. How的用法1).用在问候语中。如：How do you do? (你好！)这是初次见面时的问候语，答语也用How do you do?2).用来询问身体健康状况，意为怎么样。如：-How is your mother? -She is very well.你妈妈身体怎么样？她很好。3).用来询问做事的方式或手段，意为怎样。如：-How do you come to school? -By bike.你怎样来上学？骑自行车。4).用来询问动作的执行的程度，意为怎么样。如：-How do you like this book？-Very much.你觉得这本书怎么样？非常喜欢。Hows the weather? Its fine.天气怎样？很好。5). How about.？意为怎么样？相当于What about.？，用来询问情况或征求意见。How about playing football?踢足球怎么样？My father is a teacher. What about yours?我的父亲是位老师，你父亲呢？6). how old意为多大，用来询问年龄。如：-How old are you? -Im eleven.你多大了？我十一岁。7). how many/much意为多少,用来询问某物的数量。how many用来对可数名词提问，how much用来对不可数名词提问。如：How many pears are there on the table?桌上有多少个梨？How much bread do you want？你想要多少面包？8). how much意为多少钱，用来询问价格。如：-How much are these things? -Ten yuan.这些东西多少钱？十元。9). how long意为多久，多长，既可以用来询问时间有多久，又可以询问某物有多长。如：-How long does it take you to do your homework every day? -About two hours.你每天做作业要花多长时间？大约两个钟头。-How long is this street? -About two hundred meters.这条街有多长？大约两百米。10). How far:多远，提问两地之间的距离-How far is it your home to school? About two kilometers.你家里学校多远？大约两公里。11).How often:多经常，对时间频度的提问-How often do you chat online? -Once a week?你多经常上网聊天？-每周一次。12). How soon:过多久，-How soon will your brother come back? -In a week.你兄弟什么时间会回来？一个礼拜后。13).感叹词，引导感叹句，后跟形容词How interesting the story is!这个故事多有趣啊。9. where的用法：1）表示疑问，在哪里，对地点提问Where are my glasses? I cant find it.我的眼镜在哪里？我找不着。2）定语从句引导词，先行词为地点名词，从句中缺状语This is the place where we used to play basketball.这就是我们以前经常打篮球的地方。10.一般疑问句：Yes/No问句一般疑问句有两种：1）一种是由be动词引导的疑问句。其结构是“be+主语+其它部分？”肯定回答用“Yes，主语+be.”，否定回答用“No，主语+be+not.”。be和not可用缩写形式。Is this your English book？这是你的英语书吗？Yes，it is.是的，它是。-Are you reading the book you bought yesterday? -No, I am not.你在看你昨天买的书吗？不。2）第二种形式是由助动词或情态动词引导，其结构是“助动词(情态动词can)+主语+动词原形+其它部分？”肯定回答用“Yes，主语+情态动词(或do).”否定回答用“No，主语+情态动词(或do)+not.”。情态动词或助动词也常用缩写形式。Can you spell your name？你会拼写你的名字吗？Yes，I can.是的，我会。-Would you like to go to my party on Friday night? Yes, Id love to.你愿意参加我礼拜五的聚会吗？是的。-Have you finished writing the composition? NO, I havet.你写完了作文了吗？不，还没有。-Do you like hamburgers? Yes, I do.你喜欢汉堡吗？是的。对一般疑问句的回答也不一定是一律不变的。肯定回答可用OK./Certainly.等，否定回答可用Sorry./Sorry，I cant.等。11. this, that, these, those指示代词1).this（这个）that（那个）, these（这些）, those（那些）既可以充当限定语，也可以做代词This girl is Mary. This is Mary.This is my backpack, that is yours.Those women are teachers. Those are teachers.2).this ,that可用于打电话用语，指我与对方。Hi, May I speak to Clinton? This is Tom speaking.我可以找克林顿通话吗？我是汤姆。Who is that speaking?你是谁呢？3). that用于指代前面提到的不可数名词In winter, the weather in Quanzhou is much warmer than that in Beijing.4).定语从句的先行词that, those,其中that指物，those指人或物She admires that which looks beautiful.他欣赏外表美的东西。He admires those who write good stories.他欣赏那些能写好故事的人。5). that可以引导宾语从句,可以省略He said that Jenny would come to the party soon.他说甄妮一小会儿就回来。6) that可以引导定语从句，代替which或who.I like the music that I can dance to.我喜欢我可以跟着跳舞的音乐。12. when的用法1)作疑问副词，常引导一个特殊疑问句，表示“什么时候”。如：When did they live there？他们什么时候住在那儿？When is spring in China？在中国，春季是什么时候？2).连接连词，表示“当的时候”引导时间状语从句When the lights arered, the traffic must stop. = The traffic must stop when the lights are red.当交通灯变成红色的时候，来往车辆必须停下来。3). When在引导时间状语从句时，用一般现在时表将来。When you jump the queue, other people wont be pleased.当你插队时，其他人将会不高兴。13.动词的分类从其含义来分，动词可分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词、助动词乏义动词。如：1).实义动词：go去;play玩2).连系动词（后常跟形容词作表语）：be是; become成为;look看起来; feel感觉起来;taste尝起来;sound听起来3).情态动词：can能; must必须; may可以; need需要;should应当4).助动词：do（动词原形，构成疑问句或否定句等）have（动词过去分词）, be（现在分词或过去分词）, will（动词原形）14.助动词1). be作为助动词，用来构成进行时态和被动语态。We are working hard in the garden.（构成现在进行时）我们在花园里辛勤劳动。The house was painted purple.（构成被动语态）房子被刷成紫色的。2). do作为助动词，用来构成疑问句、否定句、强调句。如：Do you live in Shanghai?（构成疑问句）你住在上海吗？I dont like to have hamburgers.（构成否定句）我不喜欢吃汉堡包。Do come please.（构成强调句）一定要来。3). have作为助动词，用来构成完成时态。如：Have you finished the work?（构成现在完成时）你的工作完成了没有？4). shall和will作为助动词，用来构成将来时态。如：I will call you this evening.（构成一般将来时）今晚我会打电话给你。What shall we do next week?下个星期我们做什么？15. dictionary:字典look up a word in a dictionary查字典a living dictionary活字典，If you dont know the meaning of a word, you can look it up in a dictionary.如果你不认识一个单词的意思，你可以查字典。16. in English：用英语She can talk and write in English.她会用英文说和写。Whats this in English?这个用英语怎么说？(What do you mean by this?)17. family：家庭集体名词，看作单位时作为单数，看作所有成员时，作为复数1). My family is very large.我家很大。（一个单位）2). My family has lived in the village for about 30 years.我家住在这个村庄差不多30年了。（一个单位）3). My family are all fond of going to the movies.我们家的人都喜欢去看电影。（单位内的所有的成员）18. thanks for：因为感谢thanks to:多亏了，由于Thanks for the phot