高级英语第二册修辞汇总.doc

Lesson11.Windandrainnowwipedthehouse.-metaphor(暗喻)2.Thechildrenwentfromadulttoadultlikebucketsinafirebrigade.-simile(明喻)3.Thewindsoundedliketheroarofatrainpassingafewyardsaway.-simile4.itseizeda600,00gallonGulfportoiltankanddumpedit3.5milesaway.-personification(拟人)5.Wecanbattendownandrideitout.-metaphor6.Everybodyoutthebackdoortothecars!ellipsis(省略)7.Telephonepolesand20-inch-thickpinescrackedlikegunsasthewindssnappedthem.-simile8.SeveralvacationersattheluxuriousRichelieuApartmentsthereheldahurricanepartytowatchthestormfromtheirspectacularvantagepoint-transferredepithet移就9.Stripsofclothingfestoonedthestandingtrees,andblowndownpowerlinescoiledlikeblackspaghettiovertheroads-metaphor;simileLesson21.Theburying-groundismerelyahugewasteofhummockyearth,likeaderelictbuilding-lot.-simile2.Theyriseoutoftheearth,theysweatandstarveforafewyears,andthentheysinkbackintothenamelessmoundsofthegraveyardandnobodynoticesthattheyaregone.-alliteration押头韵3.andsore-eyedchildrenclustereverywhereinunbelievablenumbers,likecloudsofflies.-simile4.Andreallyitwasalmostlikewatchingaflockofcattletoseethelongcolumn,amileortwomilesofarmedmen,flowingpeacefullyuptheroad,whilethegreatwhitebirdsdriftedoverthemintheoppositedirection,glitteringlikescrapsofpaper.-simile5. Thelittlecrowdofmournersallmenandboys,nowomen threadedtheirwayacrossthemarketplacebetweenthepilesofpomegranatesandthetaxisandthecamels,wailingashortchantoverandoveragain.-ellipticalsentence6.Acarpentersitscross-leggedataprehistoriclathe,turningchair-legsatlightningspeed.-hyperbole7.Instantly,fromthedarkholesallround,therewasafrenziedrushofJews,manyofthemoldgrandfatherswithflowinggreybeards,allclamoringforacigarette.-transferredepithet8.Still,awhiteskinisalwaysfairlyconspicuous.-synecdoche(提喻)9.AsthestorksflewnorthwardtheNegroesweremarchingsouthward along,dustycolumn,infantry,screw-gunbatteries,andthenmoreinfantry,fourorfivethousandmeninall,windinguptheroadwithaclumpingofbootsandaclatterofironwheels.-onomatopoeticwordssymbolism10. Nothostile,notcontemptuous,notsullen,noteveninquisitive.-ellipticalsentence11. Thiswretchedboy,whoisaFrenchcitizenandhasthereforebeendraggedfromtheforesttoscrubfloorsandcatchsyphilisingarrisontowns,actuallyhasfeelingsofreverencebeforeawhiteskin.-synecdoche提喻Lesson31.andnoonehasanyideawhereitwillgoasitmeandersorleapsandsparklesorjustglows.-mixed-metaphorormetaphor2.thatsuddenlythealchemyofconversationtookplace,andallatoncetherewasafocus.-metaphor3.Theglowoftheconversationburstintoflames.-metaphor4.WehadtraveledinfiveminutestoAustralia.-metaphorThefactthattheirmarriagesmaybeontherocks,orthattheirloveaffairshavebeenbrokenoreventhattheygotoutofbedonthewrongsideissimplynotaconcern.-metaphor5.Theconversationwasonwings.-metaphor6.Thebotheraboutteachingchimpanzeeshowtotalkisthattheywillprobablytrytotalksenseandsoruinallconversation.-sarcasm反讽7.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveintoeachotherslivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.-simile8.TheyarelikethemusketeersofDumaswho,althoughtheylivedsidebysidewitheachother,didnotdelveinto,eachotherslivesortherecessesoftheirthoughtsandfeelings.-simile9.IsthephraseinShakespeare?-metonymy10.TheElizabethansblewonitasonadandelionclock,anditsseedsmultiplied,andfloatedtotheendsoftheearth.simile11.Evenwiththemosteducatedandthemostliterate,theKingsEnglishslipsandslidesinconversation.alliteration12.WhenE.M.Forsterwritesof“thesinistercorridorofourage,”wesitupatthevividnessofthephrase,theforceandeventerrorintheimage.-metaphorLesson 41. United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfullchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.antithesis2. inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerendedupinside.metaphor3. Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate.regression(回环:A-B-C)4.Allthiswillnotbefinishedinthefirstonehundreddays.allusion引典;climax递进5.Andso,myfellowAmericansasknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou;askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry.antithesis,regression回环6Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom,symbolizinganendaswellasabeginning,signifyingrenewalaswellaschange.-parallelism7.Letthewordgoforthfromthistimeandplace,tofriendandfoealike.alliteration8.Leteverynationknow,whetheritwishesuswellori11,thatweshallpayanyprice,bearanyburden,meetanyhardship,supportanyfriend,opposeanyfoetoassurethesurvivalandthesuccessofliberty.-parallelism;alliteration9. United,thereislittlewecannotdoinahostofco-operativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando,forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder.-antithesis对句10.Ifafreesocietycannothelpthemanywhoarepoor,itcannotsavethefewwhoarerich.-antithesis11.toassistfreemenandfreegovernmentsincastingoffthechainsofpoverty.-repetition12.Andifabeachheadofco-operationmaypushbackthejungleofsuspicion-metaphor13.Letbothsidesexplorewhatproblemsuniteusinsteadofbelaboringthoseproblemswhichdivideus.-antithesis14. Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthishemisphereintendstoremainthemasterofitsownhouse.-metaphor15. Theenergy,thefaith,thedevotionwhichwebringtothisendeavorwilllightourcountryandallwhoserveit,andtheglowfromthatfirecantrulylighttheworld.-extendedmetaphor16.tostrengthenitsshieldofthenewandtheweak-metaphor17.Withagoodconscienceouronlysurereward,withhistorythefinaljudgeofourdeeds-parallelismLesson51. Read,then,thefollowingessaywhichundertakestodemonstratethatlogic,farfrombeingadry,pedanticdiscipline,isaliving,breathingthing,fullofbeauty,passion,andtrauma.-metaphor;hyperbole2.CharlesLamb,asmerryandenterprisingafellowasyouwillmeetinamonthofSundays,unfetteredtheinformalessaywithhismemorableOldChinaandDreamsChildren.metaphor3.CoolwasIandlogical.-inversion(倒装)4.Mybrainwasaspowerfulasadynamo,aspreciseasachemistsscales,aspenetratingasascalpel.-simile5.Mybrain,thatprecisioninstrument,slippedintohighgear.-metaphoror-mixed-metaphor6.Sameage,samebackground,butdumbasanox.-simile7.Iwasnotonetoletmyheartrulemyhead.-metonymy转喻8.Imaydobetterthanthat,Isaidwithamysteriouswinkandclosedmybagandleft.-transferredepithet9.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.-metaphor10.WewenttotheKnoll,thecampustrystingplace,andwesatdownunderanoldoak,andshelookedatmeexpectantly.-allusion11.JustasPygmalionlovedtheperfectwomanhehadfashioned,-allusion12. IwasnotPygmalion;IwasFrankenstein,andmymonsterhadmebythethroat.-allusion13. Thetimehadcometochangeourrelationshipfromacademictoromantic.-assonance(半)谐音14.Backandforthhisheadswiveled,desirewaxing,resolutionwaning.antithesis15.WhatsPollytome,ormetoPolly?parody16.Yourgirl,Isaid,mincingnowords.-litotes(间接肯定)17.Thisloomedasaprojectofnosmalldimensions-litotesorunderstatement18.Maybesomewhereintheextinctcraterofhermind,afewembersstillsmoldered.MaybesomehowIcouldfanthemintoflame.-metaphororextendedmetaphor19.Thereisalimittowhatfleshandbloodcanbear.-synecdoche20.Hehashamstrunghisopponentbeforehecouldevenstart.-metaphor21.OverandoverandoveragainIcitedinstancespointedoutflaws,kepthammeringawaywithoutlet-up.-metaphor22.Suddenly,ag1immerofintelligencethefirstIhadseen-cameintohereyes.-metaphor23.Isawachinkoflight.Andthenthechinkgotbiggerandthesuncamepouringinandallwasbright.-metaphor24.Youarethewholeworldtome,andthemoonandthestarsandtheconstellationsofouterspace.-hyperbole;metaphor25.Hesaliar.Hesacheat.Hesarat.-climax(递进)26.Lookatme-abrilliantstudent,atremendousintellectual,amanwithanassuredfuture.LookatPetey-aknot-head,ajitterbug,aguywhollneverknowwherehisnextmealiscomingfrom.-antithesis对句Lesson71. HerewastheveryheartofindustrialAmerica,thecenterofitsmostlucrativeandcharacteristicactivity,theboastandprideoftherichestandgrandestnationeverseenonearthandherewasascenesodreadfullyhideous,sointolerablybleakandforlornthatitreducedthewholeaspirationofmantoamacabreanddepressingjoke.metaphor;hyperbole;parallelism;antithesis2. Herewaswealthbeyondcomputation,almostbeyondimaginationandherewerehumanhabitationssoabominablethattheywouldhavedisgracedaraceofalleycats.hyperbole;antithesis3.WhatIalludetoistheunbrokenandagonizingugliness,thesheerrevoltingmonstrousness,ofeveryhouseinsight.-transferredepithet4. ,therewasnotoneinsightfromthetrainthatdidnotinsultandlaceratetheeye.-hyperbole;doublenegatives(双否)5. TherewasnotasingledecenthousewithineyerangefromthePittsburghsuburbstotheGreensburgyards，andtherewasnotonethatwasnotmisshapen,andtherewasnotonethatwasnotshabby.-hyperbole;repetition;doublenegatives6. Thecountryitselfisnotuncomely,despitethegrimeoftheendlessmills.litotesorunderstatement7.Obviously,iftheirwerearchitectsofanyprofessionalsenseordignityintheregion,theywouldhaveperfectedachalettohugthehillsidesachaletwithahigh-pitchedroof,tothrowofftheheavywintersnows,butstillessentiallyalowandclingingbuilding,widerthanitwastall.-ridicule（讽刺）8. Thistheyhaveconvertedintoathingofdingyclapboards,withanarrow,low-pitchedroof.-inversion(倒装)9. Ontheirdeepsidestheyarethree,fourandevenfivestorieshigh;ontheirlowsidestheyburythemselvesswinishlyinthemud.-metaphor10.Butwhatbrick!-ellipsis(省略)11.,andsotheyhavethemostloathsometownsandvillageseverseenbymortaleye.-hyperbole12.Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.-irony;sarcasm13.Andoneandalltheyarestreakedingrime,withdeadandeczematouspatchesofpaintpeepingthroughthestreaks.metaphor14.Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.ridicule,irony,metaphor15.Iawardthischampionshiponlyafterlaboriousresearchandincessantprayer.irony16.SafeinaPullman,Ihavewhirledthroughthegloomy,God-forsakenvillagesofIowaandLansas,andthemalarioustidewaterhamletsofGeorgia.antonomasia(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)orallusion17.Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.hyperbole,irony18. Theylikeitasitis:besideit,theParthenonwouldnodoubtoffendthem.irony19.ItisthatofaPresbyteriangrinning.metaphor20.Afewlingerinmemory,horribleeventhere:acrazylittlechurchjustwestofJeannette-personification21setlikeadormer-windowonthesideofabare,leproushill-metaphor22. asteelstadiumlikeahugerattrapsomewherefurtherdowntheline.-simile23.Theylikeitasitis:besideit,theParthenonwouldnodoubtoffendthem.-antonomasia(换称：专有名词指代一般名词)orallusion24. Whenithastakenonthepatinaofthemillsitisthecolorofanegglongpastallhopeorcaring.-metaphor25. Itisasifsometitanicandaberrantgenius,uncompromisinglyinimicaltoman,haddevotedalltheingenuityofHelltothemakingofthem.-hyperbole;irony26. Suchghastlydesigns,itmustbeobvious,giveagenuinedelighttoacertaintypeofmind.-synecdoche(提喻)27. ThusIsuspect(thoughconfessedlywithoutknowing)thatthevastmajorityofthehonestfolkofWestmorelandcounty,andespeciallythe100%Americansamongthem,actuallyadmirethehousestheylivein,andareproudofthem.-irony;sarcasm28. Itisincrediblethatmereignoranceshouldhaveachievedsuchmasterpiecesofhorror.-ironyLesson81.One speaks of”human relations”and one means the most inhuman relations,those between alienated automatons;one speaks of happiness and means the perfect routinization which has driven out the last doubt and all spontaneity.parallelismLesson91. In the streets between houses with red roofs and painted walls,between old moss-grown gardens and under avenues of trees,past great parks and public buildings,processions.periodic sentence2.The air of morning was so clear that the snow still crowning the Eighteen Peaks burned with white-gold fire across the miles of sunlit air,under the dark blue of the sky.metaphor3.In the silence of the broad green meadows one could hear the music winding through the city streets,farther and nearer and ever approaching,a cheerful faint sweetness of the air that from time to time trembled and gathered together and broke out into the great joyous clanging of the bells.periodic sentence4.Some of them understand why,and some do not,but they all understand that their happiness,the beauty of their city,the tenderness of their friendships,the health of their children,the wisdom of their scholars,the skill of their makers,even the abundance of their harvest and the kindly weathers of their skies,depend wholly on this childs abominable misery.parallel construction5.Indeed,after so long it would probably be wretched without walls about it to protect it ,and darkness for its eyes,and its own excrement to sit in.parallel constructionLesson101.The slightest mention of the decade brings nostalgic recollections to the middle-aged and curious questionings by the young:memories of the deliciously illicit thrill of the first visit to a speakeasy,of the brave denunciationg of Puritan morality,and of the fashionable experimentations in amour in the parked sedan on a country road;questions about the naughty,jazzy parties,the flask-toting”sheik”,and the moral and stylistic vagaries of the “flapper”and the “drug-store cowboy”.transferred epithet2.Second,in the United States it was reluctantly realized by somesubconsciously if not openlythat our country was no longer isolated in either politics or tradition and that we had reached an international stature that would forever prevent us from retreating behind the artificial walls of a provincial morality or the geographical protection of our two bordering oceans.metaphor3.War or no war,as the generations passed,it became increasingly difficult for our young people to accept standards of behavior that bore no relationship to the bustling business medium in which they were expected to battle for success.metaphor4.The war acted merely as a catalytic agent in this breakdown of the Victorian social structure,and by precipitating our young people into a pattern of mass murder it released their inhibited violent energies which,after the shooting was over,were turned in both Europe and America to the destruction of an obsolescent nineteenth century society.metaphor5.The prolonged stalemate of 1915-1916,the increasing insolence of Germany toward the United States,and our official reluctance to declare our status as a belligerent were intolerable to many of our idealistic citizens,and with typical American adventurousness enhanced somewhat by the strenuous jingoism of Theodore Roosevelt,our young men began to enlist under foreign flags.metonymy6.Their energies had been whipped up and their naivete destroyed by the war and now,in sleepy Gopher Prairies all over the country,they were being asked to curb those energies and resume the pose of self-deceiving Victorian innocence that they now felt to be as outmoded as the notion that their fighting had”made the world safe for democracy”.metaphor7.After the war,it was only natural that hopeful young writers,their minds and pens inflamed against war,Babbittry,and”Puritanical”gentility,should flock to the traditional artistic center(where living was still cheap in 19)to pour out their new-found creative strength,to tear down the old world, to flout ht morality of their grandfathers,and to give all to art,love,and sensation.metonymy ,synecdoche8.Younger brothers and sisters of the war generation,who had been playing with marbles and dolls during the battles of Belleau Wood and Chateau-Thierry, and who had suffered no real disillusionment or sense of loss,now began to imitate the manners of their elders and play with the toys of vulgar rebellion.metaphor9.These defects would disappear if only creative art were allowed to show the way to better things,but since the country was blind and deaf to everything save the glint and ring of the dollar,there was li