学术英语(医学)_Unit_1.ppt

学术英语医学 AcademicEnglishforMedicine Unit1 Doctors LifeDoctorsarethoughtasnoble respectable andcaring butitisreallycommontoreadorhearaboutthecomplaintsofdoctors beingimpatientandcareless Whatarethecausesforsuchcomplaints Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine Thisunitexploresdoctors lifefromdifferentperspectivessothatyoucanunderstandthembetter Unit1Doctors Life UnitContents Lead in TextA TextB TextC Listening Speaking Writing GetreadingforUnit2 Lead in QuestionstobeansweredBrainstormAdditionalactivity Unit1Doctors Life Lead in Questionstobeanswered Whatarethecausesforcomplaintsofdoctors beingimpatientandcareless Whatkindoflifedoesadoctorlead Howcanordinaryincidentsinfluencethewaydoctorspracticemedicine Unit1Doctors Life Lead in Brainstorm Brainstormalistofwordsandexpressionsrelatedtoadoctor slifeandpractice Unit1Doctors Life Lead in Additionalactivity Whatdotheymeanforadoctor adecentcareeranoblecallingrespectableknowledgeableundergreatpressureunderpaidmistrusteddangerous Unit1Doctors Life TextA Criticalreadingandthinking Questionsfordiscussion Topicsforpresentation Usefulexpressions DifficultsentencesLanguagebuilding up Signpostlanguage FormalEnglish VocabularytestSuggestedanswers Unit1Doctors Life TextACriticalreadingandthinking Questionsfordiscussion Howdoyouinterpretthetitle neuronoverloadjugglingphysician Unit1Doctors Life TextACriticalreadingandthinking Topicsforpresentation 1Doyouagreethatitissheerneuronoverloadonthedoctorsidethatleadstothecomplaintthatdoctorsdon tlisten neuronoverloadpatients highexpectationsmistrustandmisunderstandingbetweenthepatientsandphysician Unit1Doctors Life 2DescribeMrs Osorio scondition TextA Topicsforpresentation Unit1Doctors Life TextA Usefulexpressions a56 year oldwomansomewhatoverweightreasonablywell controlleddiabetesandhypertensioncholesterolonthehighsidewithoutanymedicationsforthisnotasmuchexerciseassheshouldthinningofherbonesonlastDEXAscanstressfulbutgoodaboutkeepingherappointmentsandgettingherbloodtestsgenerallyhealthy Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions inmypractice inamedicalpracticeoverweightdiabeteshypertensioncholesterolonthehighsideDEXAscanthinningofherbones lowerdensitystressfullifekeepherappointmentsbloodtestsgenerallyhealthyanaveragepatientnotexcessivelycomplicated Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Topicsforpresentation 3WhatarethegoodandbadthingsaboutMrs Osorio sconditionsthatrunthroughtheauthor smind Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions GoodThingsBloodtestsdoneGlucosealittlebetterHerbloodpressuregoodbutnotgreatBadThingsHerweightalittleupHerbonesalittlethinontheDEXA Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions 20 minconsultationglucosestartingastatinliverenzymesnormalfivefruitsandvegetables dietchoices30minofwalkingeachday exercisemorningsugarscomparetohereveningsugarsthenutritionist hereyedoctor thepodiatristbloodpressureaddanotherBPmedmorepills Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions startabisphosphonatepreventosteoporosisexperiencingjusttheusualstressoflifelurkingdepressionoranxietydisorderthedepressionquestionnairehealthmaintenanceherlastmammogramPAPsmearcolonoscopyatetanusboosterqualifyforapneumoniavaccine Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Topicsforpresentation 4DescribethesituationwhenMrs Ororiomightsendtheauthor sdelicatelybalancedthree ringcircustumblingdown Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions Theauthorwasinmoderatestateofpanic jugglingsomanythoughtsaboutMrs Osorio sconditionsandtryingtoresolvethemallbeforetheclockrandown Mrs Osoriomadeatrivialrequest notsoimportantascomparedtoherconditions Mrs Osorioseemedtocareonlyabouther innocent andcompletelyjustified request theformsignedbyherdoctor Thedoctortriedtooratleastpretendtopayattentiontothepatientswhilecompletingdocumentation Complaintsthatdoctorsdon tlistenmighthaveotherreasonsthanjustdoctors neuronoverload Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions thediet and exercisediscussionnotmakingeyecontactwithMrs Osorio communicationskills getherlabresultscheckhermammogramreportdocumenttheprogressofherillnessesorderthetestsrefillherprescriptions Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions herinsurancecompany insuranceform losemycoveragedoherphysicalexaminationherbackpainanythingmorethanroutinemusclestrainplaceintoaccurateandthoroughdocumentationinteractwithmypatient Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking 5Comparemultitaskinginhumanbeingsandcomputers TextA Topicsforpresentation Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions Multitaskingoriginatedincomputerscience Microprocessorsinfactlinear actuallyperformingonlyonetaskatatime Multitaskingjustasanillusionbothincomputerandhumans Atbest Humanjugglingonlyahandfulofthoughtsinthismanner Themorethoughtswejuggle thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought Multitaskingasarecipefordisaster Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions aninsurancecompanyformorderhermammogramrefillonlyfiveofhersixmedicinesfullyexplaintheside effectsofoneofhermedications Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking 6Usenumberstojustifythatitisthejugglingmindthatkeepsdoctorsawakeatnight TextA Topicsforpresentation Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions 7medicalissuestoconsider5separatethoughts atleast foreachissue7X5 35thoughts10patientsthatafternoon35X10 3505residentsundertheauthor ssupervision4patientsseenbyeachresidents10thoughts atleast generatedbyeachpatients5X4X10 200350 200 550thoughtstobehandledintotalIfthedoctordoesagoodjobjuggling98 ofthetime thatstillleavestenthoughtsthatmightgetlostintheprocess Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions medicalissuestoconsidersupervisefiveresidentsinaworkingdayadisastrousoutcomeapossiblelawsuitMostdoctorsarereasonablycompetent caringindividuals buttheoverwhelmingswirlofthoughtsthatwemustkeeptrackofleavesmanyofusinaperpetualpanicthatsomethingseriousmightslip Thisiswhatkeepsusawakeatnight Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking 7Whatarepossiblesolutionstotheimpossiblehigh wireactofjugglingcompetingdetailsandpanickingaboutslippingacriticalone TextA Topicsforpresentation Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions computer generatedreminderscasemanagersancillaryservicesthesimplest time Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA Usefulexpressions anhourforeachpatient aspectaculardoctorSituationinChina thechoicesthatpracticingphysiciansfaceeveryday witheverypatientrelyonourclinicaljudgmenttoprioritisetransplantfieldadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone on onenursemedicalbudgets Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA DifficultSentences 1 thatonestrayrequestfromapatient evenonethatisquiterelevant mightsendthedelicatelybalancedthree ringcircustumblingdown Para 1 如果病人冷不丁提个要求 即使所提要求十分中肯 也会让我那内心脆弱的平衡乱作一团 就像井然有序同时演出三台节目的大马戏场突然崩塌一样 Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking 2 I mpilingyetanotherpillontoher Para 3 我还要再给她另加一种药 TextA DifficultSentences Unit1Doctors Life TextA DifficultSentences she scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid fire Para 4 她让我如火如荼的思绪戛然而止 Myinstinctistoputonehandupandkeepallinterruptionsatbay Para 4 我的本能反应是举手 阻止她打断我的思路 Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA DifficultSentences Wemerelyzipbackandforthbetweenthem generallylosingaccuracyintheprocess Para 7 我们人类只是在两个想法之间来回快速转换 通常情况下 在转换的过程中丢失了精准 Themorethoughtswejuggle thelessweareabletoattunefullytoanygiventhought Para 8 Thehigherup theheavierthefall Themore thebetter Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA DifficultSentences Mychoicesseemtoboildowntoentertainingfewerthoughts acceptingdecreasedaccuracyforeachthought givinguponthoroughdocumentation orhavingaconstantheadachefromneuronaloverload Para 10 boildownto 归结为Itboilsdowntoaquestionofethics 它可归结成一个伦理学问题 Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextA DifficultSentences Insomecases havingadedicatedandcompetentclinicalpartnersuchasaone on onenursecancomeclosetosimulatingasecondbrain butmostmedicalbudgetsdon tallowforsuchstaffingindulgence Para 12 有些情况下 有个专注 出色的临床搭档 如一对一的护士 就仿佛有了第二个大脑 不过大多数医疗预算不会如此大方 这样配备人员 Unit1Doctors Life Criticalreadingandthinking TextALanguageBuilding up SignpostLanguage Aninnocent andcompletelyjustified request but Para 5 Whatisthefunctionoftheparentheses dashesinthesentence Parentheticalstatements insertingadditionalinformationwithoutcreatingaseparatesentenceandareoftendemonstratedbyparenthesesanddash Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish Degreeofformalityshouldbedeterminedbytheaudiencetheexpectationsoftheaudiencethewriter spurposesForexample thewriterofTextAemploysinformallanguagewhenrecordingherjugglingthoughts andanoticeableshiftfromthatoftherestofthearticlewhereformalstyleisconsistentlymaintained Ajugglingmindisvividlypresentedbyinformalandevenungrammaticaluseoflanguage suchas Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish FormalEnglish Itisusedinofficial literary academicwriting orformalsocialevents Itismorecommonlyusedinwritingthanspeech Sentencesareoftenlongandcomplex Contractionsareavoided InformalEnglish Itisusedineverydaypersonalconversationsorletterstofriends Itismorecommonlyusedineverydayspeechthaninwriting Sentencesareoftenshortandsimple Contractionsarecommon Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish FormalEnglish Thepassivevoiceisoftenused makingitsoundimpersonal MuchvocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisused Colloquialterms slangsandmanyphrasalverbsareavoided InformalEnglish Theactivevoiceisoftenused VocabularyderivedfromFrenchandLatinisnotused Colloquialterms slangsandmanyphrasalverbsarecommon Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish FormalEnglish Theresearchersidentifiedtheimportantproperties Doctorshaveestablishedanewmethod Thisappearedtorectifytheproblem InformalEnglish Theresearchersfoundoutwhattheimportantthingswere Doctorshavecomeupwithanewmethod Thisseemedtofixtheproblem Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish FormalEnglish Hiswordsdemonstratethat DetailsofthereportaretobefoundonPage26 Theexperimentwascarriedout performed InformalEnglish Hiswordsshowthat Youcanfindoutallaboutthereportonpage26 Theydidanexperiment Unit1Doctors Life TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish keytoTask3 1Goodthingshedidherbloodtests Glucoseisalittlebetter Cholesterolisn tgreat Mayneedtothinkaboutstartingastatin Areherliverenzymesnormal Para 3 Goodsignsincludethatshedidherbloodtests andthatherglucoselevelisalittlebetter However hercholesterollevelisn tgreat andImayneedtoconsiderprescribingastatinforher Furthermore Iwonderedifherliverenzymesarenormal Unit1Doctors Life Task3RewritethefollowingsentencesfromTextAwithamoreformalstyle TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish keytoTask3 2Hasshebeentotheeyedoctor Thepodiatrist Para 3 Unit1Doctors Life Hasshebeentotheeyedoctorandthepodiatrist TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish keytoTask3 3ButnowI mpilingyetanotherpillontoher andonethatrequiresdetailedinstructions Maybeleavethisuntilnexttime Para 3 Unit1Doctors Life ButnowI mpilingyetanotherpillontoher andthepillrequiresdetailedinstructions Maybe shouldIleavethisuntilnexttime Ithought TextALanguageBuilding up FormalEnglish keytoTask3 4Healthmaintenance whenwasherlastmammogram PAPsmear Para 3 Unit1Doctors Life Tomymindcameherhealthmaintenance Iaskedmyself WhendidshereceiveherlastmammogramandPAPsmear TextA Vocabularytest overload 神经过载 atypicaloffice 典型的诊所就诊 DEXA DEXA扫描 medical 行医 visit scan practice neuron neuronal report 乳房X 线检查报告 examination 体检 ofamedication 药物的副作用 mammogram side effects physical Unit1Doctors Life LanguageBuilding up TextA Vocabularytest control 血压控制 health 健康保持 perpetual 永久的恐慌 physicians 执业医生 field 移植领域 medical 医疗预算 paracetamol 扑热息痛药片 cap 防孩子打开的盖子 panic bloodpressure maintenance practicing transplant budget tablet childproof Unit1Doctors Life LanguageBuilding up TextA Suggestedanswers Unit1Doctors Life Task1 2MatcheachofthefollowingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent pneumothoraxnutrienthypertensioncolonoscopymammectomyrefillneuralgiapodiatristnutritionistosteoporosisneurontransmittransplantpneumoniamammogram a 移植b 高血压c 乳房X线照片d 结肠镜检查 术 e 神经元 神经细胞f 肺炎g 营养物h 神经痛i 营养学家j 再配 处方 k 气胸l 传染m 骨质疏松n 足病医生o 乳房切除术 k g b d o j h n i m e i a f c TextA Suggestedanswers languagebuilding up Unit1Doctors Life Task1 2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent colonoscopy 结肠镜检查 术 hypertension 高血压 mammogram 乳房X线照片 neuron 神经元 神经细胞 nutritionist 营养学家 osteoporosis 骨质疏松 TextA Suggestedanswers languagebuilding up Unit1Doctors Life Task1 2MatcheachofthefollowingdefinitionswithitscorrespondingEnglishtermandChineseequivalent transplant 移植 pneumonia 肺炎 podiatrist 足病医生 refill 再配 处方 TextA Suggestedanswers languagebuilding up Unit1Doctors Life Task2Signpostlanguage FindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA Fromherperspective thisisprobablythemostimportantiteminourvisit butthefactisthatshe scaughtoneofmyneuronsinmid fire theonethat sthinkingaboutherbloodsugar whichissegueingintotheneuronthat spreparingthediet and exercisediscussion whichisintersectingwiththeonethat sdebatingaboutinitiatingastatin Para 4 WhatifIdropone whatifoneofmythoughtsevaporateswhileIaddressanotherconcern Para 4 TextA Suggestedanswers languagebuilding up Unit1Doctors Life Task2Signpostlanguage FindsomeexamplesofparentheticalstatementfromTextA Aninnocent andcompletelyjustified request butIfeelthatthiscouldbethestrawthatbreaksthecamel sback thattheprecariousbalanceofallthatI mkeepingintheairwillbesimplyunhinged Para 5 Therearemanyproposedsolutions computer generatedreminders casemanagers ancillaryservices Para 10 TextB Pre readingquestionCriticalreadingandthinkingResearchingLanguagebuilding up Unit1Doctors Life Hownontrivialcantrivialincidentsbeinone slife TextB Pre readingquestion Unit1Doctors Life TextB CriticalReadingandThinking Reflection Whatotherlessonscanyoulearnfromthetext Unit1Doctors Life TextB CriticalReadingandThinking Reflection Dr Sackett schallengetothetraditionalwisdomintreatinghishepatitispatientNeverbeablindbelieverofauthorityorconventionalwisdom Scientificprogressrequiresunconventionalwayofthinking ChallengingauthorityisaMustforrealscientistsBetolerantandopen mindedaboutnovelties Besensitivetotrivialities Thinkdifferently Unit1Doctors Life TextB CriticalReadingandThinking Reflection Dr Sackett seventful clinicalcourse andiconoclasmAttitudecanbelife changing Sticktothejustifiablebeliefsandactout Beyourselforbeuniquemaybringaboutsurprises Developyourownpersonalityispartofprofessionallife Scienceowesmuchtothosenon conventionalistsandiconoclasts Unit1Doctors Life TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 1DesignofThomasChalmers trial Unit1Doctors Life Cleardescriptionoftheeligibilitycriteriaofparticipants andtheirrandomallocationComparisonsoftworegimenspertrialPrecisedefinitionofexperimentalandcontrolregimensClosemonitoringandreinforcementofcompliancewithregimensInclusionofallpatientsattheendofthetrialsClearandtransparentanalysesThe externalvalidity ofthetrialresultstestedbycomparisonwithanother independentcontrolgroupofpatientsAssessmentoflateeffectsofthetreatmentregimensina10 yearfollow upstudy Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 2influenceofThomasChalmers paper Unit1Doctors Life OneofthemostdetailedreportsofclinicaltrialseverpublishedwithaTableofContentsandafurther71pagesofsmalltypeAmodelofforreportingrandomizedtrialsDramaticchangesintheauthor scareer Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 3conventionalwisdomofType Ahepatitisinthe1950s Unit1Doctors Life BedrestuntilrecessionofenlargeliverandreturnofbilirubintonormaltoavoidpermanentliverdamageBedrestrequiredagainbyrelapseofthereboundoftheenzymesafterthepatientsgotupandaroundConventionalwisdomservingasbasisfordailyconfrontationbetweenthepatientandtheclinicalclerk Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 4theauthor seventful clinicalcourse Unit1Doctors Life LatenticonoclasmApologytohispatientA trouble maker withconstantdoubtforconventionaltherapeuticwisdomandoffensesespeciallyagainstthesubspecialistsAstormytimeinobstetricsUnfavorablenotorietyonmedicalwardDeepoffenseagainstaprofessorofpaediatricsbypubliclycorrectinghimonthenumberofhumanchromosomes Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner TextB CriticalReadingandThinking 5historyofrandomizedtrials Unit1Doctors Life In1955 duringthedawnofthemoderneraofrandomizedclinicaltrials only347reportsofrandomizedtrialsHalfacenturylater about50 000reportsofrandomizedtrialseveryyear withthetotalnumberoftrialreportsbythenexceedinghalfamillion Writedowntheinformationonthefollowingtopics Thencompareyouranswerswithyourpartner TextB Difficultsentences Thisconventionalwisdomformedthebasisfordailyconfrontationsbetweenanincreasinglyrestlessandresentfulpatientandanincreasinglyadamantanddoom predictingclinicalclerk Para 4 有的病人越来越焦躁不安 越来越愤愤不满 有的临床医生越来越固执己见 越来越热衷于生死决断 这种传统智慧就成了这些病人和临床医生之间天天对抗不断的基础 Unit1Doctors Life CriticalReadingandThinking TextB Difficultsentences Mysubsequent clinicalcourse wasfarfromuneventful Para 9 我后来的 临床之路 远非平淡无奇 theyhadfallenfrom48to46thepreviousmonth Para 9 染色体的数量 在上个月已经从48条变为46 人体到底有多少条染色体 这个问题经过了几十年的反复 到1954年才确定为23对 46条 Unit1Doctors Life CriticalReadingandThinking TextB Difficultsentences Iamproudtohavecontributedtothisdevelopment totheskepticismthatdrivesit andtothebetterinformedtreatmentdecisionsandchoiceswhichhavebeenmadepossibleasaresult 对于随机试验的发展 对于驱动这种发展的怀疑态度 以及对于因此而可能做出更好的知情治疗决定和选择 我有一份贡献 对此我感到自豪 Unit1Doctors Life CriticalReadingandThinking TextB Researching Randomizedcontrolledtrial RCT hasbeenoneofthemostcommonformsofclinicaltrial Workinasmallgroupandexplo