Jointsof limbs

Joints of limbs附肢骨连接,山东大学医学院 解剖教研室李振华,Joints of upper limb 上肢骨的连接,Joints of should girdle 上肢带骨的连接,Sternoclavicular joint 胸锁关节Bones: sternal end of clavicle, clavicular notch of sternum, and first costal cartilage Articular capsule: strong and is reinforced by anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligamentsArticular disc: attached to the capsule, dividing the joint into two cavities.Movements: elevation and depression, forward and backward, rotation and circumduction of the acromial end of the clavicle,Joints of should girdle上肢带骨的连接,Acromioclavicular joint 肩锁关节Bones: acromion and acromial end of clavicleMovement: rotation of scapula on clavicleCoracoacromial arch 喙肩弓Compositioncoracoacromial ligament 喙肩韧带coranoid processAcromionPrevents the shoulder joint from superior dislocation,Joints of free upper limb自由上肢骨的连接,Shoulder joint 肩关节,Type: ball and socketBones: head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapulaCapsule: Thin and lax, especially lower partAttachments: proximal to glenoid labrum; distal to anatomical neck of humerus, except medially where it is slightly distal to surgical neckTendon of long head of biceps brachii passes though the cavity,Shoulder joint 肩关节,Tendon of long head of biceps brachii,Shoulder joint 肩关节,Accessory structuresGlenoid labrum 盂唇: fibrocartilaginous ring on periphery of glenoid cavityCoracohumeral ligament 喙肱韧带: runs from coracoid process to greater tubercleMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction,Radiograph of shoulder in a young female of 18 years in anteroposterior view (A) and axillary view with the arm abducted (B).,dislocation,Dislocation of Shoulder joint, Elbow joint 肘关节,Bones: lower end of humerus, upper ends of radius and ulnaHumeroulnar joint 肱尺关节: formed by trochlear of humerus and troclear noch (hinge) Humeroradial joint 肱桡关节: formed by capitulum of humerus and head of radius (ball and socket)Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节: formed by articular circumference of radius and radial notch of ulnaCapsule: thin and lax anteriorly and posteriorly, strongly thickened on either side by collateral ligaments, Elbow joint 肘关节,Ligaments:Radial collacteral ligament 桡侧副韧带: attached to lateral epicondyle and annular ligament of radiusUlnar collacteral ligament 尺侧副韧带: attached to medial epicondyle to medial border of trochlear notchAnnular ligament of radius 桡骨环状韧带: attached to anterior and posterior margins of radial notch of ulna, surrounds the head of radiusMovements: flexion and extension, pronation and supination,Dislocation,of elbow joint,Anteroposterior (A) and lateral (B) radiographs of an adult elbow joint. The joint is semiflexed in B.,In extension, the medial and lateral epicondyles and the top of the olecranon process are in a straight line; in flexion, the bony point form the boundaries of an equilateral triangle.,Joints between radius and ulna,Proximal radioulnar joint 桡尺近侧关节Interosseous membrane of forearm前臂骨间膜: a fibrous membrane between the shaft of radius and ulnaDistal radioulnar joint 桡尺远侧关节 formed by head of ulna, ulnar notch of radius and an articular disc,Joints of hand, Radiocarpal joint 桡腕关节 (ellipsoid)BonesCarpal articular surface of radius and articular disc below the ulnaProximal row of carpal: scaphoid, lunate, and triquetral bones, but not pisiformCapsule: lax and strengthened by surrounding ligamentMovements: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and circumduction,Joints of hand,Intercarpal joints 腕骨间关节Carpometacarpal joints 腕掌关节Carpometacarpal joint of thumb 拇指腕掌关节Bones: trapezium and base of first metacarpalMovement: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and oppositionIntermetacarpal joints 掌骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints 指间关节,Joints of hand,Intermetacarpal joints 腕骨间关节Metacarpophalangeal joints 掌指关节Interphalangeal joints 指间关节,Joints of Lower limb下肢骨的连接,Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连接,Sacroiliac joint 骶髂关节Bones: auricular surface of sacrum and iliumCapsule: very tight and strengthened by ligaments,Ligaments of the gluteal region,Sacrotuberous ligament骶结节韧带 Connects the lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the ischial tuberositySacrospinous ligament 骶棘韧带 Connects the lateral margins of sacrum and coccyx to the spine of the ischium,Foramina of the gluteal region,Greater sciatic foramen Formed by the greater sciatic notch of the hip bone and the sacrospinous ligament. It provides an exit from the pelvis into the gluteal region. Lesser sciatic foramen Formed by the lesser sciatic notch of the ischium and the sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments. It provides an entrance into the perineum from the gluteal region,Joints of pelvic girdle下肢带连接,Pubic symphysis 耻骨联合Articulation: symphysial surface and interpubic disc (fibrocartilage)Ligaments: superior pubic ligament and arcuate pubic ligamentObturator membrane 闭孔膜 Obturator canal 闭膜管,Bony pelvis骨盆,Composition: formed by paired hip bones, sacrum, coccyx, and their articulationsIn anatomical position: anterior superior iliac spines and pubic tubercles on same vertical plane, while the tip of coccyx and superior border of pubic symphysis on same horizontal planeTerminal line界线: formed by promontory of sacrum, arcuate line, pecten of pubis, pubic tubercle, upper border of pubic symphysis Two portions: greater pelvis lesser pelvis,Bony pelvis骨盆,Lesser pelvis 小骨盆pelvic inlet 骨盆上口(terminal line): Pelvic outlet 骨盆下口: formed by tip of coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament, ischial tuberosity, ramus of ischium, inferior ramus of pubic, symphysisPelvic cavity 骨盆腔Pubic arch 耻骨弓subpubic angle 耻骨下角,Main difference between male and femal pelvis,Main difference between male and femal pelvis,Female,Male,Pelvic inlet,Pelvic outet,Pelvic cavity,Pubic arch,901000,70750,Main difference between male and femal pelvis,Anteroposterior radiograph of adult female pelvis.,Joints of free lower limb自由下肢骨连接, Hip joint 髋关节,Bones: acetabulum and femoral headArticular capsule attachmentsAbove: margins of acetabulum and transverse acetebular ligament Below: in front to intertrochanteric line; behind, to the neck of femur above 1 cm above the intertrochanteric crest, Hip joint 髋关节,Accessory structures Acetabulum labrum 髋臼唇; transverse acetebular ligament 髋臼横韧带LigamentsIliofemoral lig. 髂股韧带Ligament of head of femur 股骨头韧带Pubofemoral lig. 耻股韧带Ischiofemoral ligament 坐股韧带Zona orbicularis 轮匝带 Movement: flexion, extention, adduction, abduction, medial and lateral rotation, circumduction,Transverse acetebular lig.,Ligament of head of femur, Hip joint 髋关节,Ischiofemoral lig.,Zona orbicularis,Iliofemoral lig.,Pubofemoral lig.,Head of femur is driven posteriorly, out of acetabulumPoterior dislocation of the hip bone,Knee joint 膝关节,Bones: lower end of femurupper end of tibia patellaArticular capsule: Superapatellar bursa 髌上囊Deep infrapatellar bursa 髌下深囊 Ala folds 翼状襞,Knee joint 膝关节,Accessory structuresligamentsPatellar lig. 髌韧带Fibular collateral lig. 腓侧副韧带Tibial collateral lig. 胫侧副韧带Anterior cruciate ligment 前交叉韧带Posterior cruciate ligament 后交叉韧带Oblique popliteal ligament 腘斜韧带Meniscus 半月板 Medial meniscus 内侧半月板 (C-shaped)lateral meniscus 外侧半月板 (O-shaped),Knee joint 膝关节,Oblique popliteal lig.,Anterior cruciate lig.,Posterior cruciate lig.,Fibular collateral lig.,Tibial collateral lig.,Knee joint 膝关节,Movements: flexion and extension; flexed knee joint may be passively rotated through 700,lateral,Medial,Hip joint,Knee joint,Radiograph,Coronal T1-weighted magnetic resonance image (MRI) of the knee in an adult male.,Tibiofibular syndesmosis胫腓连结,Tibiofibular joint 胫腓关节Crural interosseous membrane 小腿骨间膜Anterior and posterior tibiofibular ligaments 胫腓前、后韧带,Joint of foot 足关节,Talocrural joint 距小腿关节 (ankle joint 踝关节) Bones: lower ends of tibia and fibula, trochlea of talusArticular capsule: thin and lax in front and behind, and supported on each side by strong collateral ligamentsLigmentsMedial lig. 内侧韧带Lateral lig. 外侧韧带Anterior talofibular lig. 距腓前韧带Calcaneofibular lig. 跟腓韧带Posterior talofibular lig. 距腓后韧带,Joint of foot 足关节,Medial lig.,Calcaneofibular lig.,Anterior talofibular lig.,Posterior talofibular lig.,Joint of foot 足关节,Talocrural joint 距小腿关节Movements: dorsiflexion (extension) plantar flexion (flexion); when the ankle joint is fully plantar flexed, small amounts of abduction, and adduction are possible,Torn fi