Chapter-14--Lost-Generation-of-the-Roaring-Twenties.ppt

Chapter14Fitzgerald Hemingway I Introduction II F ScottFitzgerald III ErnestHemingway exit continue 1 TheHistoricalBackground a TheFirstWorldWartoreupthesloganflagsintopiecesthatheldhighamongcommonmoralists b Moreover RussianRevolutionstirredupthehatredtowardsthecurrentsocialsystemsamongtheyouth NoaspectoflifeintheTwentieshasbeencommenteduponandsensationallyromanticizedthantheso calledRevoltoftheYoungerGeneration c TheboomingofAmericanindustrywithitsgiganticroaringfactories itsimpersonality anditslargescaleaggressiveness nolongerleftanyroomforthecodeofpolitebehaviorandwell bredmoralityfashionedinaquietandlesscompetitiveage d Anditwasduringthatperiodthatanumberofsensitivewritersfoundthatsincetherewaslittleremedyforacountrythatwasblindanddeaftoeverythingsavetheglintandringofthedollar theonlywayoutwastoemigratetoEurope TheretheybegantothinkofthemselvesinthewordsofGertrudeStein asthe LostGeneration continue exit 2 TheOverviewofLiterature a TheriseofthemodernAmericanliteratureAlthoughtheformandideasofmodernAmericanliteraturehadclearlybegantoemergeinthefirstdecadeofthecentury theFirstWorldWarstandsasagreatdividinglinebetweenthe19thcenturyandcontemporaryAmerica Writersofthefirstpostwarselfconsciouslyacknowledgedthatwas asEzraPounddescribedit anoldbitchgoneintheteeth YetintheyearsbetweenthetwoworldwarsAmericanliteratureachievedanewdiversityandreacheditsgreatestheights Thepublicationin1922ofT S Eliot sTheWasteLand themostsignificantAmericanpowerofthetwentiethcentury helpedtoestablishamoderntraditionofliteraturerichlearningandallusivethought In1920SinclairLewispublishedhismemorable continue exit denunciationofAmericansmall townprovincialismMainStreet andinthesameyearTheodoreDreiserbeganwritinghismasterpieceofnaturalism AnAmericanTragedy F ScottFitzgeraldsummarizedtheexperiencesandattitudesofthedecadeinhisshortstoriesandinhisnovelTheGreatGatsby EarnestHemingwaywroteTheSunAlsoRisesandAFarewelltoArmes andWilliamFaulknerpublishedoneofthemostinfluentialAmericannovelsoftheage TheSunandtheFury DuringthetwentyyearsbetweenthetwoworldwarssixAmericanwriterswhodidtheirbestandmostoriginalworkwontheNobelPriceforliterature continue exit b LostGenerationoftheRoaringTwentiesWardisfiguresandtearsawaypreciouslives Itshorrorsembedthemselveslikeaninfectiousdiseaseinthemindsofthesurvivors who whenlefttosalvagethepiecesoftheirformerexistences arebrushedintoobscuritybytheindividualsattemptingtojustifytheannihilationoftheworldthatwas TheerafollowingWorldWarIepitomizestheinheritanceoftribulationandsorrowforthegenerationthatremainstoretrievesomeformofhappiness thelostgeneration TheSunAlsoRiseswillmaintainaplaceinhistorynotonlyforitsliterarymerit butalsoforitsdocumentationofwhatwriterGertrudeSteincalledthe LostGeneration continue exit AfterWWI manyyoungAmericanslefttheirnativecountry bitteroverthewarandseekingadventure Acircleofartisticexpatriatesappeared amongthemHemingway F ScottFitzgerald SherwoodAnderson EzraPound andPabloPicasso HemingwayandFitzgeraldemployedtheirkeensocialobservationinwritingTheSunAlsoRisesandTheGreatGatsby respectively widelyconsideredthetwomasterpiecesofLostGenerationfiction continue exit 1 Lifea ScottFitzgeraldwasbornin1896andgrewupinSt Paul Minnesota FromboyhoodFitzgeraldexperiencedboththeconflictandthefluidityofclassinAmericanlife b Hismothernurturedsocialambitioninheronlyson andFitzgeraldwassenteasttoaCatholicprepschool andthentoPrincetonwherehebegancareerasawriter c FitzgeraldmetandinstantlyfellinlovewithZeldaSayreandmarriedonApril3 1920 TheirlifetoagreatextentepitomizedwhatFitzgeraldhadalreadycalledtheJazzAge d FitzgeraldfirstpublishedTheGreatGatsbyonApril10 1925 astorysetinLongIsland sNorthShoreandNewYorkCityduringthesummerof1922 e FitzgeralddiedonDecember21 1940 inHollywood inGraham sapartment beforethebookTheLastTycoonwasfinished exit continue 2 LiteraryWorksa NovelsThisSideofParadise NewYork CharlesScribner sSons 1920 TheBeautifulandDamned NewYork Scribner 1922 TheGreatGatsby NewYork Scribner 1925 TenderIstheNight NewYork Scribner 1934 TheLastTycoon originallyTheLoveoftheLastTycoon NewYork Scribners publishedposthumously 1941 b ShortStoryCollectionsFlappersandPhilosophers ShortStoryCollection 1920 TalesoftheJazzAge ShortStoryCollection 1922 AlltheSadYoungMen ShortStoryCollection 1926 continue exit 3 Abriefintroductiontohismasterpiece TheGreatGatsbyTheGreatGatsbyisthebestnovelofFitzgerald Asanovelwithstrongtragicflavor itkeepsinstepwiththetimeanditscriticismofAmericasocietyisreallypenetrating Thenovelshowsthedisillusionof AmericanDream inthe1920s Atthatage itwasimpossibleforGatsbytosucceed ThenovelalsoshowsthatintheAmericansocietyof1920s thecommonswereintotaldepravity Ittellsusthatthereisnowaytogofrommoneytolove frommaterialtospirit Inasplitworld lovecouldneithermakeupthesplitnorreplacethevalue Itisfullofrealisticmeaningeventoday exit contiune Thecluesofthenovelareveryclear whilethespecificeventsaremysterious Init wecanfullyenjoytheglamourofart Inaddition thenovelisintenselylyrical Withcolorfulmusicalelements theauthorcomposedatragicsong leavingalotofquestionsforustothinkabout 4 TheJazzAgeWhatrepeatsfrequentlyinthemajorityofhisbooksdescribestheperiodfrom1918 1929 theyearsbetweentheendofWorldWarIandthestartoftheRoaringTwenties endingwiththeriseoftheGreatDepression thetraditionalvaluesofthisagesawgreatdeclinewhiletheAmerican exit contiune stockmarketsoared Thefocusoftheelementsofthisage insomecontrastwiththeRoaringTwenties inhistoricalandculturalstudies aresomewhatdifferent withagreateremphasisonallModernism Theagetakesitsnamefromjazzmusic whichsawatremendoussurgeinpopularityamongmanysegmentsofsociety Amongtheprominentconcernsandtrendsoftheperiodarethepublicembraceoftechnologicaldevelopments typicallyseenasprogress cars airtravelandthetelephone aswellasnewmodernisttrendsinsocialbehavior thearts andculture CentraldevelopmentsincludedArtDecodesignandarchitecture Inaddition manyamateurartistsbegantoaspireincludingDukeEllington Picasso etc exit contiune III ErnestHemingway1 Life a ErnestHemingway 1899 1961 borninOakPark Illinois startedhiscareerasawriterinanewspaperofficeinKansasCityattheageofseventeen b BeforetheUnitedStatesenteredtheFirstWorldWar hejoinedavolunteerambulanceunitintheItalianarmy Servingatthefront hewaswounded wasdecoratedbytheItalianGovernment andspentconsiderabletimeinhospitals AfterhisreturntotheUnitedStates hebecameareporterforCanadianandAmericannewspapersandwassoonsentbacktoEuropetocoversucheventsastheGreekRevolution exit contiune c Duringthetwenties HemingwaybecameamemberofthegroupofexpatriateAmericansinParis whichhedescribedinhisfirstimportantwork TheSunAlsoRises 1926 EquallysuccessfulwasAFarewelltoArms 1929 thestudyofanAmericanambulanceofficer sdisillusionmentinthewarandhisroleasadeserter HemingwayusedhisexperiencesasareporterduringthecivilwarinSpainasthebackgroundforhismostambitiousnovel ForWhomtheBellTolls 1940 d Amonghislaterworks themostoutstandingistheshortnovel TheOldManandtheSea 1952 finallybroughthimontothestageoftheNobelPrizein1954 exit contiune 2 Hismainworks TheSunAlsoRises 1926 AFarewelltoArms 1929 GreenHillsofAfrica 1935 ForWhomtheBellTolls 1940 TheOldManandtheSea 19