environment-pollution-ppt.ppt

ENVIRONMENTALPOLLUTION CONTENTS Typesofpollution AIRPOLLUTION NOISEPOLLUTION WATERPOLLUTION THERMALPOLLUTION MARINEPOLLUTION SOILPOLLUTION NUCLEARHAZARDS GLOBALWARMING ACIDRAIN OZONELAYERDEPLETION POLLUTION Fornormalandhealthylivingaconductiveenvironmentisrequiredbyallthelivingbeings includinghumans livestock plants micro organismsandthewildlife EnvironmentalPollutioncan therefore bedefinedasanyundesirablechangeinthephysical chemicalorbiologicalcharacteristicsofanycomponentoftheenvironment air water soil whichcancauseharmfuleffectsonvariousformsoflifeorproperty Itisanatmosphericconditioninwhichcertainsubstances includingthenormalconstituentsinexcess arepresentinconcentrationswhichcancauseundesirableeffectsonmanandhisenvironment Thesesubstancesincludegaseous g s s particulatematter radioactivesubstancesetc Gaseouspollutantsincludeoxidesofsulfur nitrogen 氮 carbonandorganiccompounds Particulatepollutantsaresmoke dust soot煤烟 fumes aerosols气雾剂 liquiddroplets pollen花粉grainsetc Thesourcesofairpollutionarenaturalandman made NaturalSources Theyarevolcaniceruptions forestfires seasaltsprays biologicaldecay photochemicaloxidationofterpenes marshes extraterrestrialbodies pollengrainsofflowers spores etc AIRPOLLUTION Man madeSources Theyarethermalpowerplants industrialunits vehicularemissions fossilfuelsburning agriculturalactivitiesetc Effectsofairpollution Ithasadverseeffectonlivingorganisms materials Onhumanhealth Plants Aquaticlife material ControlofAirPollution Itisminimizedbythefollowingmethods Usinglowsulfurcoalinindustries SitingofindustriesafterproperEnvironmentalImpactAssessmentstudies Usingmasstransportsystem bicycles Shiftingtolesspollutingfuels Usingnon conventionalsourcesofenergy Usingbiologicalfiltersandbio scrubbers Plantingmoretrees NOISEPOLLUTION Wehearvarioustypesofsoundseveryday Soundismechanicalenergyfromavibratingsource Atypeofsoundmaybepleasanttosomeoneandatthesametimeunpleasanttoothers Theunpleasantandunwantedsoundiscallednoise Themainsourcesofnoisepollutionarevariousmodesoftransportation industrialoperations constructionactivities celebrations electrichomeappliancesEffectsofNoise Noisecausesthefollowingeffects Interfereswithman scommunication HearingdamagePhysiological Psychologicalchanges ControlofNoisepollution Reductioninsourcesofnoise Useofsoundabsorbingsilencers Plantingmoretreeshavingbroadleaves WATERPOLLUTION Waterpollutioncanbedefinedasalterationinphysical chemicalorbiologicalcharacteristicsofwatermakingitunsuitablefordesigneduseinitsnaturalstate Ground Surfacewaterpollutionareitssources EffectsofWaterPollution Someimportanteffectsare Oxygendemandingwastes NitrogenandPhosphorusCompounds Pathogens ToxicCompounds ControlofWaterPollution Useofnitrogenfixingplantstosupplementtheuseoffertilizers Adoptingintegratedpestmanagementtoreducerelianceonpesticides Separatedrainageofsewage rainwatershouldbeprovidedtopreventoverflowofsewagewithrainwater THERMALPOLLUTION Thermalpollutioncanbedefinedaspresenceofwasteheatinthewaterheatinthewaterwhichcancauseundesirablechangesinthenaturalenvironment Heatproducingindustries thermal nuclearpowerplants refineries steelmills etc arethemajorsourcesofthermalpollution Effectsofthermal Thedissolvedoxygencontentofwaterisdecreasedassolubilityofoxygeninwaterisdecreasedathightemperatures Toxicityofpests detergents chemicalsineffluenceincreaseswithincreaseintemperature Controlofthermalpollution ThefollowingmethodscanbeemployedforcontrolofthermalpollutionCoolingpondsSpraypondsCoolingtowers MARINEPOLLUTION Themainsourcesofmarinepollutionare i rivers whichbringpollutantsfromtheirdrainagebasins ii Catchmentsareathatiscoastlinehumansettlementsintheformofhotels industries agriculturalpracticeshavebeenestablished and iii oildrilling shipments CONTROLOFMARINEPOLLUTION Toxicpollutantsfromindustriesandsewagetreatmentplantsshouldnotbedischargedincoastalwaters Runofffromnon pointsourcesshouldbepreventedtoreachcoastalareas OilandgreasefromservicesstationshouldbeprocessedforreuseEcologicallysensitivecoastalareasshouldbeprotectedbynotallowingdrilling SOILPOLLUTION Soilisupperlayeroftheearthcrustwhichisformedbyweatheringofrocks Organicmatterinthesoilmakesitsuitableforlivingorganisms Dumpingofvarioustypesofmaterialsespeciallydomesticandindustrialwastescausessoilpollution Domesticwastesincludegarbage rubbishmateriallikeglass plastics metalliccans paper paints varnishes etc Industrialwastesarethedischargesfromchemicalindustries paper pulpmills textilesmills etc Effectsofsoilpollution Sewage industrialeffluentswhichpollutethesoilultimatelyaffecthumanhealth Varioustypesofchemicalslikeacids fungicidesetc inindustrialdischargesaffectsoilfertilitybychangesinphysical chemicalandbiologicalprocess ControlofSoilPollution 1 Effluentsshouldbeproperlytreatedbeforedischargingthemonthesoil 2 Solidwastesshouldbeproperlycollectedanddisposedoffbyappropriatemethod 3 Fromwastes recoveryofusefulproductsshouldbedone NUCLEARHAZARDS Radioactivesubstancesarepresentinnature Theyundergonaturalradioactivedecayinwhichunstableisotopesspontaneouslygiveoutfastmovingparticles highenergyradiationsorboth atafixedrateuntilanewstableisotopeisformedVarioussourcesradioactivitycanbegroupedinto 1 Naturalsources 2 Anthropogenic man made sources EffectsofRadiations 1 Geneticdamages 2 Somaticdamages ControlofNuclearpollution Sitingofnuclearpowerplantsshouldbecarefullydoneafterstudyinglongterm shorttermeffects Properdisposalofwastesfromlaboratoryinvolvingtheuseofradioisotopesshouldbedone GLOBALWARMING Troposphere thelowermostlayerofatmosp