Notes-on-the-English-Character-Para.3-ppt---副本-(2).ppt

WhatisthemainideaandfunctionofPara 3 Thelastingeffectofthepublicschooleducationonthemiddle classEnglishmen becomesabarrister schoolmaster orjournalist Ifthroughsomemishaphedoesnotbecomeamanualworkerorartist barrister solicitor attorneybarrister 在英国有资格出席高等法庭并辩护的 律师 法律顾问 solicitor 律师 法律顾问 城市 城镇或政府部门的首席法律官员 多用于英国 初级律师 不是律师界成员 而只能在低级法庭出庭的律师 attorney 律师 业务或法律事务上的 代理人mishap badluckorunfortunateaccident goldentimewhenlife thoughhard wasnotyetcomplex whentheyallworkedtogetherand sofarastheythoughtatall whentheyweretaughtthatschoolistheworldinminiatureand noonecanlovethiscountrywhodoesnotlovehisschool Whatdoes sofarastheythoughtatall mean Theauthorisbeingsatirical implyingthatowingtothepublicschoolsystemthestudentsdonotthinkindependentlyenoughinminiature onasmallscale greatlyreducedTranslation 他们带着遗憾的心情怀念那段黄金岁月 那时 生活虽然艰苦 但还不算复杂 那时 他们一起学习 一起游戏 一起思考 如果说他们思考的话 他们受到的教导告诉他们 学校是个微型世界 他们相信 一个人如果不爱自己的学校 那他就不可能爱自己的国家 OldBoy sSociety OldBoy ssociety Anoldboynetworkorsocietycanrefertosocialandbusinessassociationsamongformerpupilsoftopmale onlypublicschoolsWhatdoestheauthorthinkofthoseOldBoys Theyregretthatgoldentimeisoverwhentheyleaveschoolandhavetogoforthintotheworld Sotheytrytomakethatmemorabletimelastlonger ThewayofdoingsoistojointheOldBoys society Someofthemtrytoholdontoyouthandnevergrowup neverbecomemature thebattleofwaterloowaswonontheplayingfieldsofEton ThemilitarydisciplinerequiredtodefeatNapoleonatWaterloowasacquiredwhiletheywereengagedinsportsontheplayingfieldsofthepublicschools ThesesportsplayedaveryimportantroleinthedevelopmentofcharacterinpreparingtheEnglishboysintheirfuturetasksfortheBritishEmpire ThebattleofWaterloo 滑铁卢 是比利时首都布鲁塞尔南边的一个小村的名字 1815年6月重新执政的拿破仑决定率12万法军在此与威灵顿率领的22万英普联军决战 就是历史上著名的滑铁卢战役 此战又以拿破仑的失败而告终 拿破仑的 百日王朝 覆灭 他被流放大西洋圣赫勒拿岛 并囚死于此 滑铁卢之战是拿破仑最后一次驰骋在战场上 他的失败 彻底结束了拿破仑的时代 欧洲的历史又翻开了新的一页 后来 人们就把 滑铁卢 当作最终失败的代名词 Eton Location NearWindsorinEngland Eton Status Itisamostfamousnobleschool TheboysinherealmostcomefromroyalandaristocraticorrichfamousBritishfamliies Itfamousforits TheCradleofElites and Gentlemanculture Eton Theachievement Itwasoncedeveloped20Britishprimeministers CultivatedthepoetShelley economistJohnMaynardKeynes anditisalsotheschoolofprincesWilliamandHarry Everyyearabout250ofgraduates morethan70intotheOxfordorCambridge 70 intootherfamousschoolsaroundtheworld Itisnothingtothemthattheremarkisinapplicablehistorically DukeofWellingtonwasanIrishman inapplicable adj unsuitableItdoesnotmattertothemthattheremarkisnothistoricallyaccurateandwasnotmadebyDukeofWellington andthattheDukeofWellingtonwasnotevenanEnglishman butanIrishman Feeling Emotion Feeling suggestsaconsciousnessofsth feltinone smind orsimplyreferstowhatonefeelsatheart E g Hehadthefeelingthathewasbeingfollowed Emotion anyofstrongfeelingsofhumanspiritoranexcitedstateoffeeling E g theemotionsofjoy sorrow reverence hate andlove 快乐 痛苦 尊敬 痛恨和爱的冲动 Hisvoiceshookwithemotion Feeling Emotion Althoughfeelingandemotionaresometimesinterchangeable feelingisthemoregeneralandneutral Emotionisoftenconsideredtobethestrongerofthetwotermsandtoimplythepresenceofexcitementoragitation Sentiment Sentimentoftenappliestoathoughtoropinionarisingfromorinfluencedbyemotion Sentiment常指由情感或受情感影响而产生的想法或意见E g Whatareyoursentimentsaboutthegovernment spolicies 你对政府的政策有什么想法 Thewordcanalsorefertothedelicate sensitive orhigherormorerefinedfeelings 此词也指细腻的 敏感的或更高级或更细微的感情 Theygoforthintoitwithwell developedbodies fairlydevelopedminds andundevelopedhearts body one sphysicalcondition mind one sabilitytothinkrationally heart one scapacitiesoffeelingsandemotions Theauthorimpliesthatamorecompleteeducationshouldacknowledgeequalclaimsofbodyandspirit heartandheadandthatamorecompletecharactershouldbedevelopedequallywellinbody mindandheart Translation 他们进入社会时 体魄健全 智力一般 感情匮乏 AnditisthisundevelopedheartthatislargelyresponsibleforthedifficultiesofEnglishmenabroad ForsterpointsoutthatthepublicschoolsystemisresponsibleforthecharacteristicweaknessoftheEnglishmiddleclasses theirinabilitytogiveproperimportancetotheiremotionallifeandtheirincapabilityofspontaneityoffeeling Thisweaknessbecomesmoreobviousandsometimesputstheminadifficultsituationoraculturalconflictwhentheytravelorliveabroad Whatkindofheartiscold undeveloped Whatarethedifferences Intheauthor sopinion undevelopedheart meansthattheywillnoteasilyexpresstheiremotions Emotionsshouldonlybeusedonappropriateoccasions Part4 Para 9 10 WhatisthemainideaandfunctionofPara 3 It saboutthelastinge