Welding-Safety.ppt

焊接作业安全 UpdatedonJul 2010 ThistrainingisinformationalonlyanddoesnotcertifyorqualifyanyassociatesintheuseofOxy Acetyleneburningorwelding 此培训仅提供焊接操作安全要求 并非用于验证或授权任何同事可以进行焊接操作 Pergovernmentrequirements licensesareneededforwelding 根据政府要求 焊接作业为特种作业 必须持证上岗 培训内容 Oxy AcetyleneWeldingSafety气焊安全Oxy acetyleneGascylinderSafetyPPEArcWeldingSafety电焊安全FireHazard焊接火灾安全 OverviewofOxy AcetyleneWelding OverviewofOxy AcetyleneWeldingSafety Thehazardsareprimarilycompressedgascylinders flammablegasesandopenflame 气焊的危害主要来源于压缩气瓶 易燃性气体与明火 Oxy AcetyleneWeldingSystem Safetydisc安全阀Cylindervalve瓶阀Cylinderpressuregauge气瓶压力表Workingpressuregauge工作压力Oxyregulator调压阀Regulatoradjustingscrew调节旋钮G Acetylenecylindersafetydisc安全阀H Acetylenecylindervalve瓶阀I Cylinderpressuregauge气瓶压力表 Oxy AcetyleneWeldingSystem J Workingpressuregauge工作压力K Acetyleneregulator调压阀L Regulatoradjusting调节旋钮M Acetylenehose乙炔气管N Oxygenhose氧气气管O Oxygentorchvalve气枪氧气阀P Acetylenetorchvalve气枪乙炔阀Q Torch气枪R Weldingtip气嘴S Acetylenecylinder乙炔瓶T Oxygencylinder氧气瓶 Gas Oxygen Thereisapproximately21 oxygeninnormalair空气中氧气含量约占21 Pureoxygendoesnotburnorexplode纯氧不会发生燃烧或爆炸Oxygenwillisan accelerant itcauseseverythingitcomesincontactwithtoburnhotterandfaster氧气会助燃30 oxygenintheatmospherewillcausethingstoburnorexplode8timesfaster氧气含量增加会加剧燃烧 Gas Acetylene Explosiverangeis3 0to93 爆炸极限为3 93 Needsonly10 ofoxygentoignite在10 氧气浓度的环境下就能燃烧Itisanunstablegas willviolentlydecomposewheninapurestateabove15psi非常不稳定 在大于15psi的环境下会发生剧烈分解反应Remember acetyleneisaverydangerousgas请记住 乙炔非常危险 OxygenCylinder Scheduledinspectionrequired 需要进行定期的检查2 200 psiwhenfilled充装完毕后压力达到2200psiSafetydisc nut releasesat3 000psi 提供有泄压设计Mustnotbedropped 避免气瓶发生跌落 OxygenCylinder Shouldnotbeusedasaroller 不得将气瓶作业辊子使用Neveruseanylubricatesonthreadsoranypartofthecylinder 不得在气瓶或其螺纹位置使用润滑油Thevalveshouldneverbeleftexposed Itmustalwayshavetheregulatorattachedorthecapon 避免气瓶瓶阀裸露 AcetyleneCylinder Acetylenecylindersmustbeabletostopthepropagationofacetylenedecompositionwithinthecylinderinitiatedbyabackfireoranexternalheatingoftheacetylenecylinder 必须避免回火或热源等原因导致乙炔发生分解Protectedbyfuseplugsthatmeltat212oF 提供熔断丝进行保护 AcetyleneCylinder Acetoneisalsopresentwithinthecylindertostabilizetheacetylene 气瓶使用丙酮来使乙炔稳定Acetylenecylindersshouldalwaysbestoredintheuprightpositiontopreventtheacetoneformescapingthuscausingtheacetylenetobecomeunstable 气瓶必须保持直立以避免丙酮溢出导致乙炔不稳定 AcetyleneCylinder Acetylenecylindershutoffvalvesshouldonlybeopened1 4to1 2turn使用时气瓶应仅开启1 2到1 4转Thiswillallowthecylindertobeclosedquicklyincaseoffire 这样可以当发生火灾时可以迅速关闭气瓶 PressureRegulatorsforCylinders Gassystemsmusthaveapressureregulatortoreducethepressurefromthehighpressureinthecylinderdowntotheworkingpressure 调压阀用于调整瓶内高压气体至正常工作压力Neverstandinfrontorbehindaregulatorwhenopeningthecylindervalve开启阀们时不要站在正前方 OxygenandAcetyleneRegulatorPressureSettings Regulatorpressuremayvarywithdifferenttorchstylesandtipsizes 使用压力可能因气枪及物料尺寸而不同Commongaugesettingsforcutting切割操作常用压力设定1 4 materialOxy30 35psiAcet3 9psi1 2 materialOxy55 85psiAcet6 12psi1 materialOxy110 160psiAcet7 15psiCheckthetorchmanufacturesdataforoptimumpressuresettings可根据焊枪制作厂家的建议设定 OxygenandAcetyleneRegulatorPressureSettings Themaximumsafeworkingpressureforacetyleneis15PSI 乙炔最高安全工作压力不得超过15PSI CylinderTransportation Nevertransportcylinderswithoutthesafetycapsinplace搬运气瓶时确保瓶帽盖好Nevertransportwiththeregulatorsinplace避免气瓶在搬运时安装有调压阀Neverallowbottlestostandfreely Alwayschainthemtoasecurecartorsomeotherobjectthatcannotbetoppledeasily 确保气瓶稳固放置 CylinderStorage Storageareamustbewellventilated存储区域保持通风良好Cylindersmustbeatleast20feetfromcombustiblesor5feetwitha1 2hourfirebarrier气瓶与易燃性物料保持至少20英尺间距Valvesmustbeclosed保持瓶阀紧闭Valveprotectionmustbeinplace存储时使用瓶帽Cylindersmustbestoredinuprightposition气瓶存放时保持直立 Flashback Flashback occurswhentheflameburnsinsideofthetorch当火焰在焊枪内燃烧时可能出现回火 Usuallyaccompaniedbyashrillhissingorsquealingsound 通常伴随有嘶嘶声Mayhavepuffsofblacksmokecomingoutofthetip 可能有黑烟从焊枪中散出Apotentiallyseriouscondition Ifnotstoppedtheflamecantravelupthehosesandintotheregulator 如果不能阻止 火焰可能沿气管烧至调压阀Primarycauseisablockedtipandunequalworkingpressures 发生的主要原因焊枪堵塞和工作压力不均衡 Flashback Safetycodesrequiretorchestohavecheckvalvesandflashbackarresters为保证安全需提供止回阀和回火防止器 OldertorcheswillnothavecheckvalvesorflashbackarrestersIfnotincluded theyshouldbeaddedinlinebetweentheregulatorandthetorch 如果没有 应加装在调压阀至焊枪之间 Flashbackarrestor Checkvalves Flashback Alwaysuseaflintandsteelsparklightertolighttheoxygenacetyleneflame 使用打火石进行点火Neveruseabutanelightertolighttheflame不要使用丁烷打火机点火 WeldingHoses Hosesarecolorcoded气管颜色有规定 Blue蓝色 oxygen氧气Red红色 acetylene乙炔Hosesshouldbeprotectedfromhotmetalandphysicaldamage 防止气管被高温物料破坏和避免物理性损害 ShuttingDownSystem Closecylindervalves关闭瓶阀Opentorchvalves打开焊枪阀门Leaveopenuntilregulatorgaugesreadzero 保持开启直到归零Somesourcesrecommenddoingfuelfirstandoxygenlast后 有建议先放尽乙炔 最后氧气Closetorchvalves关闭焊枪阀门Releasetensiononregulatoradjustingscrew 关闭调压阀Rolluphosesandplacetorchinasafeposition 收好气管 PPE EyesCorrectlyshadedlens notsunglasses 非太阳镜Shade4or5BodyFireresistantgloves焊接手套Longsleeves长袖Buttonshirt可扣紧衬衣 ElectricArcWelding Weldinghazards Electricshock触电Radiation电焊弧光Burns烧伤Fire火灾Explosions爆炸Fumesandgases焊接烟尘 Electricshock Primaryvoltageshockinvolves230voltsandiscausedbytouchingboththeleadinsidetheweldingequipmentandtheweldingequipmentcaseorothergroundedmetalwhiletheequipmentispoweredON230伏输入端触电意外Secondaryvoltageshockinvolves60to100wattsandiscausedbytouchingapartoftheelectrodecircuitandthesideoftheweldingcircuit 60至100伏输出端触电意外 Weldingincidents Welderwasleaningagainstaboilerwallwhentheelectrodeslippedandtouchedhisneck作业人员背靠锅炉炉壁 焊接电极意外接触其颈部 I V R 65 250 260mAResult Death HowtoPreventElectricshock Alwaysusedrygloves保证手套干燥Alwayswearrubbersoledshoes穿着橡胶底鞋子Alwaysuseinsulatinglayers使用绝缘垫Protectyourselffromsurfacesthatconductelectricity避免自己接触会导电的表面 HowtoPreventElectricshock Whenworkingonelectricallypoweredmachinery makesuretheframeisgrounded保证接地良好Keepinsulationonallweldingequipmentandcomponentsdryandingoodcondition保证焊接设备及部件绝缘良好 性能正常Don tchangeelectrodeswithbarehands wetglovesorwhilestandingonwetorungroundedsurfaces不要赤手更换焊条 或站立于潮湿的表面更换焊条 Radiation Donotconductweldingworkwithouteyeprotection 进行焊接操作时应防止弧光伤害 Burn Burnstotheoperatormayoccurifunprotectedskincomesintocontactwiththeextremelyhotwork 皮肤裸露部分可导致在焊接过程中与过热物料接触而烧伤 FumeandGas Generally gasesandfumescomefrom通常焊烟源于 Basematerial fillermaterial焊接物料与焊料Coatings paints所用油漆Shieldinggases chemicalreactions保护气体与化学反应Contaminantsintheair空气中污染物 FumeandGas Fumesandgasescanbehazardoustoyourhealth焊接烟雾可造成伤害Useenoughventilation exhaustatthearc orboth tokeepfumesandgasesfromyourbreathingzoneandthegeneralarea确保足够的通风与抽风 FireSafetyforWelding Followupcompanyhotworkprocedure 严格遵守公司的热工作业程序 Ifth